Editing Finnish sauna

{{Short description|Type of bathhouse}}
{{for multi|other sauna variants from around the world|Sauna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| Image       = Smoke sauna.JPG
| Caption     = A smoke sauna ({{Lang|fi|savusauna}}) in {{Lang|fi|[[Enonkoski]]|italics=no}}, [[South Savonia]]
| ICH         = Sauna culture in Finland<ref name="nomination">{{Cite web|format=docx|url=https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/43809-EN.docx|title=Nomination file No. 01596 for inscription in 2020 on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity|date=25 March 2019|first=Sampo|last=Terho|author-link=Sampo Terho|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><br />{{langx|fi|saunakulttuuri Suomessa}}<ref name="nomination"/><br />{{langx|sv|bastukultur i Finland}}<ref name="nomination"/><br />{{langx|se|sávdnjekultuvra Suomas}}<ref name="nomination"/>
| State Party = Finland
| Criteria    = Social practices
| ID          = 01596
| Region      = ENA
| Year        = 2020
| Session     = 15th
| List        = Representative
| Link        = https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sauna-culture-in-finland-01596
| Below       = [[File:Sauna 2.jpg|150px]]
| Note        = A typical modern Finnish sauna
}}
The '''Finnish sauna''' ({{IPA|fi|ˈsɑu̯nɑ}}, {{langx|sv|bastu}}) is a substantial part of [[Culture of Finland|Finnish]]<ref name="WAPO1992SaunaBarrier"/><ref name="NYTimesStyle2017"/><ref name="Guardian2023"/> and [[Culture of Estonia|Estonian culture]].<ref>Lisa & Kristen Dobbin. [https://estonianworld.com/culture/lessons-estonian-culture-beginners-3-hot-steam-cold-water-naked-truth/ "Lessons in Estonian culture for beginners 3: hot steam, cold water and the naked truth"] estonianworld.com, 20.09.2013</ref>

It was inscribed on the [[UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists]] at the 17 December 2020 meeting of the [[UNESCO]] [[Intergovernmental organization|Intergovernmental]] Committee [[Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage|for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage]].<ref name="Guardian2023"/><ref name="museo">{{cite web| title= Saunaperinne Suomesta valittiin Unescon aineettoman kulttuuriperinnön luetteloon|date= 17 December 2020 |url= https://www.museovirasto.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/saunaperinne-unescon-aineettoman-kulttuuriperinnon-luetteloon |publisher=Museovirasto |access-date=2020-12-21|language=fi}}</ref> As authorized by the state, the [[Finnish Heritage Agency]] commits, together with Finnish sauna communities and promoters of the sauna culture, to safeguard the vitality of the sauna tradition and to highlight its importance as part of customs and wellbeing.<ref>{{cite web| title= Sauna culture in Finland |url= https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/sauna-culture-in-finland-01596 |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=2020-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= Finnish sauna culture steams up UNESCO Heritage List |url= https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finnish_sauna_culture_steams_up_unesco_heritage_list/11703917 |publisher=[[YLE]] |date=2020-12-17|access-date=2020-12-18}}</ref> In the case of [[Estonia]] UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists smoke sauna tradition since 2014.<ref>[https://news.err.ee/114404/smoke-sauna-tradition-in-vorumaa-added-to-unesco-intangible-cultural-heritage-list "Smoke sauna tradition in Võrumaa added to UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List"] ERR, 27.11.2014</ref>

The word ''[[sauna]]'' itself is of [[Finnish language|Finnish]] origin.<ref>{{cite web| title= Sauna |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sauna |publisher=Merriam-Webster |access-date=2020-12-18}}</ref> In the [[Estonian language]] it is {{Lang|et|saun}}.

== History ==
The sauna in Finland is an old phenomenon and its roots are difficult to trace, but its earliest versions are believed to be from 7000 BC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Country |first=Wild Sauna High |title=Wild Sauna High Country |url=https://wildsaunahighcountry.com.au/origins-of-sauna |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Wild Sauna High Country |language=en-AU}}</ref> Bath houses were recorded in Europe during the same time period, but Finnish bathing habits were poorly documented for most of history.

During the [[History of Scandinavia#Reformation|Reformation in Scandinavia]] the popularity of saunas expanded to other countries because the European bath houses were being destroyed due to [[syphilis]] among other things being endemic.

One reason the sauna culture has always flourished in Finland has been because of the versatility of the sauna. When people were moving, the first thing they did was to build a sauna. Finns have used the sauna to live in, eat, address matters of hygiene, and, most importantly, give birth in an almost sterile environment.<ref name="NYTimesStyle2017"/><ref name="Guardian2023"/> Unlike many other, more densely populated places in Europe, the availability of wood needed to build and warm the sauna has never been an issue. Another reason for its popularity is that in such a cold climate, the sauna allows people warmth for at least a short period of time. However, it is just as popular in the summer as in the winter.

== Customs ==
[[File:Sauna ladle and bucket 2016 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|200px|Sauna ladle and bucket]]
[[File:Finnish Vasta (Vihta).jpg|thumb|upright|Finnish {{Lang|fi|vihta}} ({{Lang|fi|vasta}} in Eastern Finland), made of [[birch]]. It is used in traditional sauna-bathing for massage and stimulation of the skin.]]
[[File:In de sauna. Slaan met berkentakken, Bestanddeelnr 920-4683.jpg|thumb|Women using [[Bath broom|{{Lang|fi|vihta|cat=no}}s]]]]
Saunas are an integral part of the way of life in Finland.<ref name="WAPO1994"/> They are found on the shores of Finland's numerous lakes, in private apartments, corporate headquarters, at the [[Parliament House, Helsinki|Parliament House]] and even at the depth of {{convert|1400|m|ft}} in [[Pyhäsalmi Mine]]. The sauna is an important part of the national identity<ref name="WAPO1992SaunaBarrier"/><ref name="WAPO1994"/><ref>Valtakari, P.: ''[http://www.sauna.fi/in-english/sauna-information/articles-about-sauna/finnish-sauna-culture/ Finnish Sauna Culture - Not Just a Cliché]''. The Finnish Sauna Society.</ref> and those who have the opportunity usually take a sauna at least once a week. The traditional sauna day is Saturday.<ref>Korhonen, N.: [http://www.helsinki.fi/lehdet/uh/498b.htm The sauna - a sacred place]. ''Universitas Helsingiensis'', 4/1998, Helsinki University, Helsinki.</ref>

The sauna tradition is so strong that whenever Finns go abroad, they relish the chance to have a good sauna: even the Finnish Church in [[Rotherhithe]], London, has its own sauna. Finnish soldiers on peacekeeping missions are famous for their saunas; even on the [[UNMEE]] mission in [[Eritrea]], a sauna was one of the first buildings to be erected.<ref>Aurén, V.: ''[http://www.rauhanturvaajaliitto.fi/lehti/4_03/kirjat.htm Barettiyhdistyksiltä Eritrean Sacristin kirjat (Finnish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113112719/http://www.rauhanturvaajaliitto.fi/lehti/4_03/kirjat.htm |date=13 November 2019 }}''. Finnish Peacekeepers.</ref> A [[Second World War]]-era Finnish military field manual states that a break of eight hours is all that is required for a [[battalion]] to build saunas, warm them and bathe in them.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Saunas, even in the military, are strictly egalitarian places: no titles or hierarchies are used in the sauna.

Taking a sauna begins with having a wash (usually a shower), followed by a sit in the sauna room, the room being typically warmed to {{convert|80|-|110|C|F}}. Water is thrown on the hot stones topping the {{Lang|fi|kiuas}}, a special stove used to warm up the sauna. This produces great amounts of steam, known as {{Lang|fi|löyly}}, increasing the moisture and the [[apparent temperature]] within the sauna.<ref name="Tribune1970"/> Only the word {{Lang|fi|löyly}} is used for this particular type of steam; the Finnish word {{Lang|fi|höyry}} ('steam, vapour') is never used for it except in a scientific sense. Equivalents for {{Lang|fi|löyly}} can be found in the [[Finnic languages]] such as the [[Karelian language|Karelian]] {{Lang|fi|löyly}}, the [[Estonian language|Estonian]] {{Lang|et|leil}}, the [[Votic]] ''leülü'', the [[Veps language|Veps]] ''l'öl''' and the [[Livonian language|Livonian]] ''löul''. Its original sense signified 'spirit, breath, soul' and this is still seen in the [[Uralic languages]]--for example, the [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]] ''lul'', the [[Komi language|Komi]] ''lol'', the [[Mansi language|Mansi]] ''läl'' ('life'), the [[Khanty language|Khanty]] ''lil'' and the [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] {{Lang|hu|lélek}}.<ref>{{cite book |author=Häkkinen, Kaisa |title= Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja |year= 2005|orig-year=2004 |publisher= WSOY|language= fi |isbn= 951-0-27108-X|page= 657}}</ref>

[[File:Sausage, beer and cake at Uusi Sauna.jpg|thumb|right|Sausages and beer are traditional refreshments after having a sauna.]]
Occasionally one uses a bunch of leafy, fragrant [[silver birch]] called a {{Lang|fi|[[Sauna whisk|vasta]]}} ({{Lang|fi|vihta}} in Western Finland) to gently beat oneself.<ref name="NationalGeographic1973"/> This supposedly has a relaxing effect on the muscles and also helps to soothe the irritation from mosquito bites. When the heat begins to feel uncomfortable it is customary to jump into a lake, sea, or a swimming pool, or to have a shower. In the winter, rolling in the snow or even swimming in a hole cut in lake ice, an {{Lang|fi|[[Ice swimming|avanto]]}}, is sometimes used as a substitute. Often after the sauna it is a custom to sit down in the dressing room or on the porch of the sauna to enjoy a sausage, along with beer or [[soft drink]]s.

After cooling down from the first bath, one goes back into the hot room and begins the cycle again.<ref name="Tribune1970"/> The number and duration of hot room-cooling down cycles varies from person to person based on personal preference. Usually one takes at least two or three cycles, lasting between 30 minutes to two hours. In Finland's numerous summer cottages bathing might go on well into the night. This is especially true in the summer when there's virtually no darkness at night. The sauna session itself is finished off with a thorough wash.

For someone brought up in Finland, the rules are instinctive but they are difficult to put into words. Depending on the size, composition, relationships, and the age structure of the group three basic patterns can emerge: Everyone can go to the sauna at the same time, men and women may take a sauna separately, or each family can go to sauna separately. Mixed saunas with non-family members are most common with younger adults, and are quite rare for older people or on more formal occasions. It is common for teenagers to stop going to sauna with their parents at some point.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} 

In the sauna it is a [[wikt:faux pas|faux pas]] to wear clothing in the hot room, although it is acceptable to sit on a small towel or {{Lang|fi|[[pefletti]]}}, a disposable tissue designed to endure heat and humidity (it can be mandatory in a public sauna, such as at a public swimming pool). While cooling off it is common to wrap a towel around the body. For a typical Finn the sauna is, with few exceptions, a strictly non-sexual place; [[nudity]] in the sauna is a very normal state of affairs among Finns without any connection with sexual intercourse.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.myhelsinki.fi/en/see-and-do/activities/quick-guide-to-finnish-sauna-etiquette|title=Quick guide to Finnish sauna etiquette|publisher=My Helsinki|access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> In Finland, a "sauna" means only a sauna, not a brothel, sex club, or such. In public saunas, swimsuits are banned from the hot room for health reasons: in many indoor swimming pools, chlorine is added to the water for hygiene reasons; if swimwear used in such water is brought to the hot room, the chlorine will vaporize and cause breathing problems for people with [[asthma]] or [[allergy|allergies]].{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source.|date=October 2012}}

In private homes or summer residences, the sauna is usually warmed to honor the guest and refusal may be more difficult. However, Finns will not typically be very offended if their guest declines. This is particularly common if going to sauna would require a lot of effort from the guest (such as re-applying complex make-up afterwards), socially inconvenient (feeling uncomfortable about nudity or a mixed-sex sauna), or otherwise inconvenient (should the guest not have a change of clothes or if the sauna would take place late at night, et cetera).

== Types ==
[[File:Smoke sauna stove Utsjoki.JPG|thumb|left|220px|Interior of a smoke sauna in {{Lang|fi|[[Utsjoki]]|italics=no}}, Finland]]
[[File:Sauna stove narvi 001.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Wood sauna stove]]
Many different types of sauna can be found in Finland and Estonia. They can be classified either by the sauna building itself or by what kind of stove it uses.<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of the Finnish sauna |date=2 December 2023 |url=https://www.secretsaunas.com/blogs/guides/the-ancient-origins-and-evolution-of-the-finnish-sauna |access-date= |publisher=secretsaunas.com}}</ref>

The main division of saunas is between once warmed and continuously warmed stoves. All smoke saunas are once warmed, but there are also other type of ovens that are once warmed.

Once warmed stoves have larger amount of stones that are warmed up before the bathing. This can be done by burning wood, with or without a chimney, oil, wood pellets, or natural gas. Continuously warmed stoves have lower amount of stones that are heated during the bathing. The warming can be done burning wood, oil or natural gas, or electrically.

The temperature in Finnish saunas is {{convert|80|to|110|°C|F}}, usually {{convert|80|-|90|°C|F}}, and is kept clearly above the [[dewpoint]] despite the vaporization of {{Lang|fi|löyly}} water, so that visible condensation of steam does not occur as in a [[Turkish bath|Turkish sauna]].{{cn|date=May 2021}}

=== Smoke sauna ===
[[File:Finnish Smoke sauna.jpg|thumb|A smoke sauna in {{Lang|fi|[[Vehmersalmi]], [[Kuopio]]|italics=no}}, [[North Savonia]]]]
The {{Lang|fi|savusauna}} (smoke sauna) does not have a chimney and thus as wood is burned smoke fills the room.<ref name="SecretsBook"/> After the sauna reaches the appropriate temperature, the fire is extinguished and the room is ventilated.<ref name="SecretsBook"/> Given the construction of the room, the sauna retains sufficient heat for the duration of use. Although smoke saunas are considered a more traditional type, there has been a significant increase in construction in recent years.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.sauna.fi/in-english/sauna-information/sauna-in-finland/sauna-in-finland-today/ | title = Sauna in Finland today |publisher=Suomen Saunaseura ry | access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref> However, due to the amount of effort and time required to operate them – heating can take most of a day – they are not likely to replace most regular saunas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sauna.fi/58.html|title=Smoke sauna|publisher=Suomen Saunaseura ry|access-date=28 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091031142953/http://www.sauna.fi/58.html|archive-date=31 October 2009}}</ref>

Smoke saunas are still extant not only in Finland but also in [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], and [[Lithuania]]. They are considered to be cheap, simple to build, and durable (if measures of fire prevention are taken while building the sauna). The longevity is warranted by disinfectant features of smoke.

One specific and rarely seen curiosity is use of a wood pellet burner to heat a smoke sauna stove ({{Lang|fi|savukiuas}}), typically the actual burner installed into a room adjacent to the actual sauna room and the {{Lang|fi|kiuas}}. A wood pellet burner, quite similar to an oil burner, is then used to heat a smoke sauna stove - practically a big pile of rocks. As the burning process is much cleaner than with a conventional smoke stove the smoke aroma is much less pungent and sooty, while the moisture produced by burning the pellets makes the air more pleasant than with continuously warmed stoves.

=== Wood stove sauna ===
[[File:Aitokiuas.JPG|thumb|150px|An authentic Finnish old-fashioned stove with a water heating boiler]]
The wood stove sauna is more common in rural areas, whereas the electric sauna is more common in urban areas. The metal stove with stones on top ({{Lang|fi|kiuas}}) is heated with birch wood fire, and this heats the sauna room to the required temperature. If birch wood is not available any other wood will do, but well dried birch wood is preferred because of its good quality and smell, and long lasting burn. The important thing is to have a good {{Lang|fi|löyly}}, that is when the stones are hot enough to evaporate the water thrown on them into steam that rises to the bathers. The bather in every type of sauna sits on a high bench near the ceiling where the hot steam reaches them quickly.

=== Electric sauna ===
[[File:Kylpyhuonesauna.jpg|thumb|Electric sauna stove]]
In city apartments, and in most public saunas, an electric sauna stove ({{Lang|fi|sähkökiuas}}) is used, as it does not require open fire and offers additional features like time delay settings, thermostat and temperature limiter. Electric saunas usually do have {{Lang|fi|kiuas}} stones piled over or around the heating element to allow {{Lang|fi|löyly}} thrown onto them; either as an open, air circulating set-up or as a closed and insulated heat-storing one.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sauna.fi/en/sauna-knowledge/sauna-heater/ |title=Sauna heater |date= |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Finnish Sauna Society |last= |first= |publisher=}}</ref> Electric saunas often allow the property manager to control the sauna independently from occupants and can limit the sauna's electricity use. The controls can be wireless and can offer additional settings for sauna lighting, ventilation and steam generating devices.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.harvia.com/en/sauna/heaters/sauna-controls/ |title=Sauna controls |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Harvia|date=4 May 2021 }}</ref> An apartment buildings' sauna is typically offered a few times a week to occupants with dedicated hours for communal men's and women's sauna, and special hours for those who have requested apartment specific hours. People might prefer the more atmospheric wood stove sauna over an electric sauna, but for those living in urban apartment blocks that is rarely an option, and electric stoves are easier to use, more fire-safe, and do not produce wood litter.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://saunamaailmalla.com/puusauna-vs-sahkosauna-kumman-valitset/ |title=Puusauna vs. sähkösauna: Kumman valitset? |date=2020-01-07 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=Sauna maailmalla.com |others=Wood stove or an electric one? Which you prefer?|language=fi}}</ref> Optimal bathing conditions in electric saunas can be however reached with an aid of correctly positioned ventilation.<ref>Äikäs E. and Holmberg R.: {{cite web|url=https://publications.vtt.fi/pdf/tiedotteet/1992/T1431.pdf|title=Temperature and ventilation of the Finnish sauna|publisher=[[VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT]] Information service, Espoo 1992|access-date=2024-08-31|language=fi}}</ref>

=== Mobile saunas ===
Scouts and various other youth organizations often have portable tent saunas. Saunas have been built into cars, buses, car trailers, tractor trailers or even bicycles and boats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/minunkotini/a/201209040125410 |title=Tässä ovat Kaunein kesäsauna -kilpailun finalistit - äänestä suosikkiasi! &#124; Minun kotini |website=Iltalehti.fi |access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> In Finland, there are companies that rent mobile saunas,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elamyslahjat.fi/lahjat/sauna-bussi-juhlapaikka-12lle |title=Saunabussi - Juhlabussi - Liikkuva juhlapaikka - ElämysLahjat.fi |access-date=2013-02-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219022037/http://www.elamyslahjat.fi/lahjat/sauna-bussi-juhlapaikka-12lle |archive-date=19 December 2011}}</ref> and an annual mobile sauna event in [[Teuva]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sauna-ajot.com/ |title=Teuvan sauna-ajot - Etusivu |website=Sauna-ajot.com |access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

{{Gallery
| File:Inside a sauna trailer in Haukilahti.jpg | Inside a mobile sauna built into a trailer
| File:Mobile sauna at Mellsten beach.jpg | A mobile sauna built into a trailer
}}

==References==
{{Reflist|40em |refs=
<ref name="Tribune1970">{{cite news |last=Holt |first=Kermit |date=November 15, 1970 |title=Good Clean Fun: Finland's Steamy Saunas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119441826/good-clean-fun-finlands-steamy-saunas/ |work=Chicago Tribune |publication-place=Chicago |access-date=February 22, 2023}}</ref>
<ref name="NationalGeographic1973">{{cite news |last=Radcliffe |first=Robert C. |agency=National Geographic News Service |date=October 14, 1973 |title=Sauna Baths Are Becoming Popular In United States |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-brownsville-herald-sauna-baths-are-b/136918646/ |work=The Brownsville Herald |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Finnish sauna bathers sometimes whip each other with water-soaked whisks of birch branches to stir up skin circulation and perfume the air with woodsy fragrance.}}</ref>
<ref name="WAPO1992SaunaBarrier">{{cite news |last=Dobbs |first=Michael |date=March 2, 1992 |title=Sweating to Break the 'Sauna Barrier' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/03/02/sweating-to-break-the-sauna-barrier/f4416d50-6feb-417d-b10a-1decdba88858/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 15, 2023 |quote=As Finnish women seek to break into areas of life long reserved for men, there have been mutterings about a "sauna barrier," which the women believe is preventing them from realizing their full potential. Since most Finns would never dream of sharing their sauna with a member of the opposite sex, the only solution is to take decision-making out of the sauna and put it back in the conference room.}}</ref>
<ref name="WAPO1994">{{cite news |last=Ragaini |first=Robert |date=June 5, 1994 |title=Go Jump in a Lake: The Finnish Sauna Ritual |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/travel/1994/06/05/go-jump-in-a-lake-the-finnish-sauna-ritual/97bebb9a-8dfa-47cc-b44a-89bf3babc02b/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 15, 2023}}</ref>
<ref name="NYTimesStyle2017">{{cite news |last=Price |first=Gemma Z. |date=October 26, 2017 |title=Helsinki's Best Public Saunas: A Guide |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/t-magazine/travel/helsinki-best-public-saunas.html |work=[[T: The New York Times Style Magazine]] |access-date=December 15, 2023 |quote=Finnish culture revolves around the sauna. Historically, saunas were where Finns brewed their beer, washed their laundry and cured their hams; where babies were born, the sick were healed and the dead were prepared for burial.}}</ref>
<ref name="SecretsBook">{{cite book |last=Liikkanen |first=Lassi A. |date=2021 |title=The Secrets of Finnish Sauna Design |url=https://culicidaearchitecturalpress.com/liikkanen-secrets-of-finnish-sauna-design/ |location= |publisher=Culicidae Architectural Press |isbn=978-1683150268}}</ref>
<ref name="Guardian2023">{{cite news |last=Bryant |first=Miranda |date=December 6, 2023 |title=The sauna secret: why Finland is the happiest country in the world |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/dec/06/the-sauna-secret-why-finland-is-the-happiest-country-in-the-world |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=December 15, 2023 |quote=
Steamy, spiritual and stress-busting, there are more than 3m saunas in Finland. Not only are they skin tingling, they help people explore what it is to be human}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Saunas in Finland}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Finnish_sauna.ogg|date=2006-02-08}}
* [https://sites.google.com/site/finlandtravelclub/sauna The Finnish Sauna - facts by Finland Travel Club]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060806080904/http://cankar.org/sauna/ The Finnish Sauna]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120618234603/http://www.sauna.fi/in-english/the-finnish-sauna-society/welcome/ The Finnish Sauna society]
* [https://hiheatsaunas.com/how-to-build-a-sauna-room-and-how-much-the-cost/ How to Build A Sauna Room And How Much the Cost]

{{Finland topics}}
{{UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity}}
{{Nudity}}
{{Portal bar|Finland|Nudity}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Finnish Sauna}}
[[Category:Culture of Finland|Sauna]]
[[Category:Sauna]]
[[Category:Bathing]]
[[Category:Nude recreation]]
[[Category:Hot-air baths]]