Editing Finistère

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{Other uses|Finisterre (disambiguation)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand French|date=February 2010|Finistère|topic=geo}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2010}}
}}

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Finistère
| native_name             = {{native name|br|Penn-ar-Bed}}
| native_name_lang        = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Prefecture de Kemper ( finistere).JPG
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Finistère department, in [[Quimper]]
| image_flag              = Flag_of_the_Department_of_Finistère.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Finistère.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Finistère-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Finistère in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|48|15|N|04|00|W|region:FR-29_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Brittany (administrative region)|Brittany]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Brest, France|Brest]]<br>[[Châteaulin]]<br>[[Morlaix]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Miscellaneous Right|DVD]]
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = [[Maël de Calan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6733
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|24th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 29
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Finistère department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Finistère department|27]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Finistère department|277]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-29
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
| blank1_name_sec1                = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1                = [[Brest, France|Brest]]
}}

'''Finistère''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|ɪ|n|ɪ|ˈ|s|t|ɛər}}, {{IPA|fr|finistɛʁ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Finistère.wav}}; {{langx|br|Penn-ar-Bed}} {{IPA|br|ˌpɛnarˈbeːt|}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] of [[France]] in the extreme west of [[Brittany]]. Its prefecture is [[Quimper]] and its largest city is [[Brest, France|Brest]]. In 2019, it had a population of 915,090.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep29.pdf Populations légales 2019: 29 Finistère], INSEE</ref>

==History==
[[File:France Pays bretons map.svg|thumb|left|250px|Historical regions of Brittany]]The present department consists of the historical region of [[Viscounty of Léon|Léon]] and parts of [[Cornouaille]] and [[Trégor]], both parts of pre-revolutionary [[Brittany]].

The name ''Finistère'' derives from the Latin ''Finis Terræ'', meaning ''end of the earth.'' In England, a similar area is called [[Land's End]]. The Breton name for Finistère, ''Penn ar Bed,'' translates as "Head/End of the World" and is similar to the [[Cornish language|Cornish]] name for Land's End, ''Pedn an Wlas'' (Head/End of the country), and also Penfro (English: Pembroke) in Wales (pen = end, bro = country). Finistère is not to be confused with [[Fisterra]] in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], [[Spain]], which shares the same etymology.

==Geography==
The largest population centre in Finistère is [[Brest, France|Brest]]. Other large towns in the department include [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]] (the capital), [[Concarneau]],  [[Morlaix]], [[Carhaix]], [[Quimperlé]] and [[Douarnenez]]. Finistère includes the island of [[Ushant]] (''Eusa'' in [[breton language|Breton]], ''Ouessant'' in [[French language|French]]).

Finistère is the westernmost department of [[Metropolitan France]] and can also claim to be the "most coastal" department in Metropolitan France. Of its 277 communes, 117 are located on the coast. Its total coastline of approximately {{convert|1250|km|2|abbr=on}} accounts for almost a quarter of the entire Brittany coast-line.

[[File:Carteroute29.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Map of Finistère]]

The ''abers'', rugged fjord-like inlets on the north coast, are a notable feature of the landscape.

The westernmost point of continental France, known as the [[Pointe de Corsen]], extends from the northwestern tip of Finistère. About 40 kilometres to the south (as the crow flies) is the slightly less westerly, but rugged and isolated, headland of [[Pointe du Raz]].

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Brest, France|Brest]]; the prefecture [[Quimper]] is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Brest, France|Brest]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 139,926
|-
| [[Quimper]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 63,283
|-
| [[Concarneau]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 19,816
|-
| [[Landerneau]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 15,918
|-
| [[Guipavas]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 15,050
|}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/29his.html|title=Historique du Finistère|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-29|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|15=1801|16=439,046|17=1821|18=483,095|19=1831|20=524,396|21=1841|22=576,068|23=1851|24=617,710|25=1861|26=627,304|27=1876|28=666,106|29=1881|30=681,564|31=1891|32=727,012|33=1901|34=773,014|35=1921|36=752,514|37=1936|38=757,000|39=1946|40=724,735|41=1954|42=727,847|43=1962|44=749,558|45=1968|46=769,000|47=1975|48=804,088|49=1982|50=829,865|51=1990|52=838,366|53=1999|54=852,273|55=2006|56=879,497|57=2011|58=899,870|59=2016|60=908,249}}

==Economy==
[[Agriculture]], [[fisheries]],  [[food processing]] and various related industries occupy an important place in Finistère's economy.

The military presence in Finistère ([[Île Longue]] [[submarine|nuclear submarine]] base and the Naval Air base of Lanvéoc-Poulmic), as well as military-related industries, such as the Brest headquarters of [[DCNS (company)|DCNS]], employ a significant number of the ''département'''s population.

The [[seaport|port]] of [[Roscoff]] links Brittany by [[ferry]] with [[Ireland]] and [[Great Britain]].

==Politics==
{{See also|Departmental Council of Finistère}}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |title=Assemblée nationale ~ les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français |access-date=2018-12-13 |archive-date=2006-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318233956/http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/ |url-status=live }}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 1st constituency]]
| [[Annaïg Le Meur]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Jean-Charles Larsonneur]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Didier Le Gac]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 4th constituency]]
| [[Sandrine Le Feur]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 5th constituency]]
| [[Graziella Melchior]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Finistère's 6th constituency]]
| [[Mélanie Thomin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Parti Socialiste]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 7th constituency]]
| [[Liliane Tanguy]]
| [[La République En Marche!]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[Finistère's 8th constituency]]
| [[Erwan Balanant]]
| [[Mouvement démocrate]]
|}

==Culture==
Finistère is the area where [[Breton language|Breton]] survives most strongly as a spoken language. Breton-speaking schools are called [[Diwan (school)|Diwan]], Divyezh and Dihun.

The Festival de [[Cornouaille]], which takes place in Quimper, is a celebration of [[music of Brittany|Breton music]] and traditions. One of the highlights of summer in Finistère is the "[[Vieilles Charrues Festival|Festival des Vieilles Charrues]]" held in Carhaix-Plouguer. Major international stars attract tens of thousands of spectators.<ref>[http://www.vieillescharrues.asso.fr/ "Vieilles Charrues Festival"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203023647/http://www.vieillescharrues.asso.fr/ |date=2011-02-03 }}, official website</ref>

The painter [[Raymond Wintz]] (1884–1956) featured many locations around Finistère.

[[Roland Doré (sculptor)|Roland Doré]] was a sculptor who executed many of the calvaries in Finistère.

== Tourism ==
<gallery>
File:Quimper2011.png|[[Quimper]]
File:Ouessant DSC02641.jpg|Granite rocks in [[Ouessant]]
File:Phare de Pontusval 4490.jpg|Pontusval lighthouse near [[Brignogan-Plages]]
File:ND de Tronoën Chapelle et calvaire 2.jpg|[[Calvary (sculpture)|Calvary]] in [[Saint-Jean-Trolimon]]
File:29 - Locronan.jpg|[[Locronan]]
File:Concarneau - la ville close à marée basse.jpg|[[Concarneau]]
File:Finis Terrae Finistère.jpg|Pointe du Chateau, [[Plougrescant]]
File:20110824 Pointe de Pen-Hir (10).jpg|[[Pointe de Pen-Hir]]
</gallery>

==See also==

* [[Cantons of the Finistère department]]
* [[Communes of the Finistère department]]
* [[Arrondissements of the Finistère department]]
* [[Ys]]
* [[Calvary at Saint-Herbot near Plonévez-du-Faou and the Chapelle Saint-Herbot.]]
* [[Notre Dame de Roscudon Church]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{EB1911 poster|Finistère}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.finistere.fr/ Departmental Council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.finistere.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.finisteretourisme.com/ Finistère Tourisme, agence de développement touristique du Finistère]

{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Finistere}}
[[Category:Finistère| ]]
[[Category:Departments of Brittany]]
[[Category:Brittany region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]