Editing Ferry

{{Short description|Ship to carry people and goods on water}}
{{redirect|Ferryman|other uses|Ferry (disambiguation)|and|Ferryman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Admiralty law}}
A '''ferry''' is a [[boat]] that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in [[Venice]], [[Italy]], is sometimes referred to as a [[water bus|water taxi or water bus]].

Ferries form a part of the [[public transport]] systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a [[capital cost]] much lower than [[bridge]]s or [[tunnel]]s. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the [[Baltic Sea]]) may also be called ferry services, and many carry vehicles.

==History==
The profession of the ferryman is embodied in [[Greek mythology]] in [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]], the boatman who transported souls across the [[River Styx]] to the [[Greek underworld|Underworld]].

Speculation that a pair of [[ox]]en propelled a ship having a water wheel can be found in 4th century Roman literature "''Anonymus De Rebus Bellicis''". Though impractical, there is no reason why it could not work and such a ferry, modified by using horses, was used in Lake Champlain in 19th-century America. See [[Experiment (horse powered boat)]].

In 1850 the roll-on roll-off (ro-ro) ferry, ''Leviathan'' designed to carry freight wagons efficiently across the Firth of Forth in Scotland started to operate between Granton, near Edinburgh, and Burntisland in Fife. The vessel design was highly innovative and the ability to move freight in great quantities and with minimal labour signalled the way ahead for sea-borne transport, converting the ro-ro ferry from an experimental and marginal ship type into one of central importance in the transport of goods and passengers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bruce |first1=Peter |last2=Dawson |first2=Philip |title=The Ferry – A drive through history |publisher=Ferry Publications |location=Isle of Man |page=9}}</ref>

In 1871, the world's first car ferry crossed the [[Bosphorus]] in Istanbul. The iron steamship, named ''Suhulet'' (meaning 'ease' or 'convenience') was designed by the general manager of Şirket-i Hayriye (Bosporus Steam Navigation Company), Giritli Hüseyin Haki Bey and built by the [[Greenwich]] shipyard of [[Maudslay, Sons and Field]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Mary Mills |date=2013-08-09 |title=MAUDSLAY SON AND FIELD'S GREENWICH SHIPYARD |url=https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/09/maudslay-son-and-fields-greenwich-shipyard/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Greenwich Peninsula History |language=en}}</ref>  It weighed 157 tons, was {{convert|155|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} long, {{convert|27|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} wide and had a draft of {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}. It was capable of travelling up to 6 knots with the side wheel turned by its 450-horsepower, single-cylinder, two-cycle steam engine.  Launched in 1872, Suhulet's unique features consisted of a symmetrical entry and exit for horse carriages, along with a dual system of hatchways. The ferry operated on the Üsküdar-Kabataş route, which is still serviced by modern ferries today.

==Notable services==
===Asia===
In [[Hong Kong]], [[Star Ferry]] carries passengers across [[Victoria Harbour]]. Other carriers ferry travelers between Hong Kong Island and outlying islands like [[Cheung Chau]], [[Lantau Island]] and [[Lamma Island]].

In the [[Philippines]], the [[Philippine Nautical Highway System]] forms the backbone of the nationwide transport system by integrating [[port]]s with [[highway]] systems; the system has three main routes. Another known ferry service is the [[Pasig River Ferry Service]], which is the only water-based transportation in [[Metro Manila]]. This system cruises the [[Pasig River]].

==== Bangladesh ====
{{transcluded section|source=Transport in Bangladesh|part=yes}}
{{#section-h:Transport in Bangladesh|Ferries}}

====India====
India's [[Roll-on/roll-off|ro-ro]] ferry service between [[Ghogha]] and [[Dahej]] was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 22 October 2017. It aims to connect [[South Gujarat]] and [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] currently separated by {{convert|360|km|mi}} of roadway to {{convert|31|km|mi}} of ferry service. It is a part of the larger [[Sagar Mala project]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-gujarats-ro-ro-ferry-is-a-revolutionary-step-for-indian-economy/articleshow/61170437.cms|title=Why Gujarat's Ro-Ro ferry is a revolutionary step for Indian economy|date=22 October 2017|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=2017-10-22|archive-date=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193528/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/why-gujarats-ro-ro-ferry-is-a-revolutionary-step-for-indian-economy/articleshow/61170437.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Water transport in Mumbai]] consists of ferries, hovercraft, and catamarans, operated by various government agencies as well as private entities. The [[Kerala State Water Transport Department]] (SWTD), operating under the Ministry of Transport, [[Government of Kerala]], [[India]] regulates the inland navigation systems in the Indian state of [[Kerala]] and provides inland water transport facilities. It stands for catering to the passenger and cargo traffic needs of the inhabitants of the waterlogged areas of the Districts of [[Alappuzha]], [[Kottayam]], [[Kollam]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Kannur]] and [[Kasargode]]. SWTD ferry service is also one of the most affordable modes to enjoy the beauty of the scenic [[Kerala backwaters]].

Ferry operates between [[Port Blair]], [[Havelock island|Havelock]] & [[Neil Island|Neil Islands]] in the [[Andaman Islands]] while Boat Operates For [[Ross Island, South Andaman district|Ross Island]], North Bay, Elephanta Beach, Red Skin, Jolly Bouy. Ferries and [[Catamaran|catamarans]] are operated by Green Ocean, Makruzz, ITT Majestic, Nautika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aggregated ferry availability for Andaman Islands was first brought online by ferrybooking.in allowing tourists and travellers to know about ferry schedule, seat availability and make reservations online before arriving to Andaman Islands for Port blair to Havelock, Havelock to Neil and Neil to Port Blair ferry routes |url=https://ferrybooking.in |website=ferrybooking.in}}</ref>

====Indonesia====
As the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia has several ferry routes which is managed mostly by PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero) and several private companies. [[ASDP_Indonesia_Ferry]] or ASDP is a state-owned company engaged in the business of integrated ferry and port services and waterfront tourist destinations. ASDP operates a ferry fleet of more than 160 units handling more than 300 routes in 36 ports throughout Indonesia.

====Japan====
{{Further|List of ferry operators in Japan}}
Japan used to rely heavily on ferries for passenger and goods transportation among the four main islands of [[Hokkaido]], [[Honshu]], [[Shikoku]] and [[Kyushu]]. However, as highway and railway bridges and undersea tunnels (such as the [[Seikan Tunnel]] and [[Honshū–Shikoku Bridge Project]]) have been constructed, the ferry transportation has recently become for short-distance sightseeing passengers with or without car, and for long-distance truck drivers hauling goods.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2355.html |title=Domestic Ferries (JapanGuide.com), 2023) |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509143642/https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2355.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jlc-ferry.jp/en/ |title=Japan Long Course Ferry Service Association |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608204506/http://www.jlc-ferry.jp/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/traveling-japan/japan-ferry |title=Ferries in Japan |access-date=8 June 2023 |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608204509/https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/traveling-japan/japan-ferry |url-status=live }}</ref>
<gallery mode=packed heights="150px">
File:Yawatahama ferry.jpg|The number of actual seats has traditionally been very limited like on this Japanese passenger ferry, with larger spaces dedicated to [[tatami]] or [[broadloom]] areas where passengers can sit or lie down (on [[Shikoku]] and [[Kyushu]] ferry, 2014).
File:On Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry - Inside the ferry Nankyu (2023).jpg|Inside a short distance ferry, the {{ill|Yamagawa-Nejime Ferry|ja|}}, [[Kagoshima, Japan]] (2023)
File:東九フェリー船内バイク駐輪機.jpg|Long-distance ferries are also used by motorcyclists.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)
File:オーシャン東九フェリー船内.jpg|A second-class cabin on the ferry connecting Tokyo and Kitakyushu. A simple bed with curtains.(Ocean Tokyu Ferry, 2019)
</gallery>

====Malaysia====
[[File:Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal in George Town, Penang 2025.jpg|thumb|A catamaran off the [[Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal]] in [[George Town, Penang|George Town]], [[Penang]] {{Circa|2025}}]]
The [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|Malaysian state]] of [[Penang]] is home to the [[Penang ferry service|oldest ferry service in the country]]. The first regular ferry service operating across the [[Penang Strait]] between George Town and Province Wellesley (now [[Seberang Perai]]) was launched in 1894 by Quah Beng Kee and his brothers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheah |first=Jin Seng |title=Penang 500 Early Postcards |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |year=2013 |isbn=9789671061718 |page=31}}</ref> The iconic yellow double-deck [[Roll-on/roll-off|roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferries]] were introduced in 1957. Between 1959 and 2002, a total of 15 vessels were commissioned for the service.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeremy Tan |date=29 Nov 2023 |title=Nostalgia of voyages past for Penang's iconic ferries |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2023/11/29/nostalgia-of-voyages-past |access-date=5 Jan 2025 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref>

Currently operated by Penang Port Sdn Bhd, the ferry service has evolved over the decades.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Opalyn Mok |date=1 Jan 2021 |title=Curious commuters marvel at fast boats replacing iconic ferries to cross Penang channel |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/01/01/curious-commuters-marvel-at-fast-boats-replacing-iconic-ferries-to-cross-pe/1936464 |access-date=25 Jan 2025 |work=[[Malay Mail]]}}</ref> The RORO ferries were retired in 2021, with speedboats temporarily replacing them.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ferrarese |first=Marco |date=8 Aug 2021 |title=Beloved Penang ferries given new life as tourist attractions after being withdrawn from service |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3143993/beloved-penang-ferries-given-new-life-tourist |access-date=5 Jan 2025 |work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 Jul 2024 |title=Iconic Penang ferry sinks in Butterworth |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/07/24/iconic-penang-ferry-sinks-in-butterworth/ |access-date=5 Jan 2025 |work=[[Free Malaysia Today]]}}</ref> In 2023, these speedboats were succeeded by four newly-built catamarans, which now serve only passengers and motorcyclists. These catamarans operate between the [[Raja Tun Uda Ferry Terminal]] in George Town and the [[Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal]] in Seberang Perai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McIntyre |first=Ian |date=8 Dec 2023 |title=Penang Port to launch first sunset cruise on spanking new ferry |url=https://www.thevibes.com/articles/lifestyles/100306/penang-port-to-launch-first-sunset-cruise-on-spanking-new-ferry |access-date=5 Jan 2025 |work=The Vibes}}</ref>

=== Russian Federation ===

Due to the geographical features of Russia, it has a large number of both sea and river ferry crossings. Car ferries operate from the continental part of Russia to Sakhalin, Kamchatka and Japan. The Ust-Luga – Kaliningrad ferry also runs, until February 2022 ferries also ran from St. Petersburg to different cities of the Baltic Sea. Before the construction of the Kerch Bridge, there was a ferry across the Kerch Strait, whose service was resumed after the [[2022 Crimean Bridge explosion|Kerch bridge explosion]].
There are also more than 100 ferry crossings on different rivers in Russia. These are usually symmetrical through ferries with two ramps for quick entry and exit of cars. For some categories of car owners, these ferries may be free if there is no alternative crossing of the river.

===Europe===

==== Great Britain ====
The busiest seaway in the world, the [[English Channel]], connects Great Britain and mainland Europe, with ships sailing from the UK ports of [[Dover]], [[Newhaven, East Sussex|Newhaven]], Poole,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phc.co.uk/|title=Independent Regulators of Poole Harbour &#124; Poole Harbour Commissioners|date=16 November 2017|access-date=31 July 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806104123/https://www.phc.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Portsmouth]] and [[Plymouth]] to French ports, such as [[Calais]], [[Dunkirk]], [[Dieppe, Seine-Maritime|Dieppe]], [[Roscoff]], [[Cherbourg-Octeville]], [[Caen]], [[St Malo]] and [[Le Havre]]. The busiest ferry route to France is the Dover to Calais crossing with approximately 9,168,000 passengers using the service in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.franceferrybooker.co.uk/news/ferry-to-france-statistics|title=Ferry to France Statistics – Passenger Numbers – France Ferry Booker|date=18 November 2019 |access-date=18 November 2019|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230110614/https://www.franceferrybooker.co.uk/news/ferry-to-france-statistics|url-status=live}}</ref> Ferries from Great Britain also sail to Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Ireland. Some ferries carry mainly tourist traffic, but most also carry freight, and some are exclusively for the use of freight lorries. In Britain, car-carrying ferries are sometimes referred to as [[RORO]] (roll-on, roll-off) for the ease by which vehicles can board and leave.

==== Denmark ====
The busiest single ferry route in terms of the number of departures is across the northern part of [[Øresund]], between [[Helsingborg]], [[Scania]], [[Sweden]] and [[Elsinore]], [[Denmark]]. Before the [[Øresund bridge]] was opened in July 2000, car and "car and train" ferries departed up to seven times every hour (every 8.5 minutes). This has since been reduced, but a car ferry still departs from each harbor every 15 minutes during daytime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hhferries.se/|title=in Swedish, "Vi seglar var 15:e minut" means "We sail every 15 minutes"|website=Hhferries.se|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203034459/http://hhferries.se/|url-status=live}}</ref> The route is around {{convert|2.2|nmi}} and the crossing takes 22 minutes. Today, all ferries on this route are constructed so that they do not need to turn around in the harbors. This also means that the ferries lack [[Stem (ship)|stems]] and sterns, since the vessels sail in both directions. Starboard and port-side are dynamic, depending on the direction the ferry sails. Despite the short crossing, the ferries are equipped with restaurants (on three out of four ferries), cafeterias, and kiosks. Passengers without cars often make a double or triple return journey in the restaurants; for this, a single journey ticket is sufficient. Passenger and bicycle passenger tickets are inexpensive compared with longer routes.

==== Baltic Sea ====
Large [[cruiseferry|cruiseferries]] sail in the [[Baltic Sea]] between [[Finland]], [[Åland]], [[Sweden]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Russia]]. In many ways, these ferries are like [[cruise ship]]s, but they can also carry hundreds of cars on car decks. Besides providing passenger and car transport across the sea, [[Baltic Sea cruise-ferries]] are a popular tourist destination unto themselves, with multiple restaurants, nightclubs, bars, shops and entertainment on board. [[Helsinki]] was the busiest international passenger ferry port in the world in 2017 with over 11.8 million passengers whilst the second business international ferry port, Dover, had 11.7 million passengers. The Helsinki-[[Tallinn]] route alone accounted for nine million passengers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/a/3-10026577|title=in Finnish, "Helsinki nousi maailman vilkkaimmaksi matkustajasatamaksi"; YLE|date=17 January 2018|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=4 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404231111/https://yle.fi/a/3-10026577|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022 the port of Helsinki had almost 8 million passengers, of which 6.3 million travelled between Helsinki and Tallinn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lansivayla.fi/paikalliset/5689834|title=in Finnish "Laivamatkustus tuplaantui Helsingin satamissa – risteilyalukset olivat poikkeus"; Länsiväylä|date=30 January 2023|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325100313/https://www.lansivayla.fi/paikalliset/5689834|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally many smaller ferries operate on domestic routes in Finland, Sweden and Estonia.

The south-west and southern parts of the Baltic Sea has several routes mainly for heavy traffic and cars. The ferry routes of [[Rødby]]-[[Puttgarden]], [[Trelleborg]]-[[Rostock]], [[Trelleborg]]-[[Travemünde]], [[Trelleborg]]-[[Świnoujście]], [[Gedser]]-[[Rostock]], [[Gdynia]]-[[Karlskrona]], and [[Ystad]]-[[Świnoujście]] are all typical ''transports'' ferries. On the longer of these routes, simple cabins are available. Some of these routes previously also carried trains, but since 2020 these trains are instead routed around the Baltic via the [[Great Belt fixed link]] and [[Jutland]].

==== Turkey ====
In [[Istanbul]], ferries connect the European and Asian shores of [[Bosphorus]], as well as [[Princes' Islands]] and nearby coastal towns. In 2014, [[İDO]] transported 47&nbsp;million passengers, the largest ferry system in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/28/istanbul-ferries-future-transport-new-york-london|title=Istanbul shows ferries have a future|first=Stephen|last=Starr|date=28 May 2015|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132733/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/may/28/istanbul-ferries-future-transport-new-york-london|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Italy ====
[[File:Kayakers-Venice-20050524-018.jpg|thumb|The [[Rialto]] water taxi station in Venice, Italy]]
The largest ferry system in [[Italy]] is in [[Venice]]. The city's ''water taxis'' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''taxi d'acqua'') provide service all around the city's [[Canal|canals]]. They can carry up to 10 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venezia Taxi |url=https://veneziataxi.it/en/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Venezia Taxi |language=en-US}}</ref> They operate on a series of lines that stop at different locations around Venice.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maddy |date=2023-08-20 |title=Venice Water Taxi: Everything You Need To Know (2024) |url=https://www.venicetraveltips.com/venice-water-taxi/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Venice Travel Tips |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==== Sweden ====
The world's shortest ferry line is the [[Ferry Lina]] in [[Töreboda]], [[Sweden]]. It takes around 20–25 seconds and is hand powered.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-22|title=Göta Canal {{!}} 190 kilometres of boats, bikes and shrimp sandwiches|url=https://scanmagazine.co.uk/gota-canal-2/|access-date=2020-07-04|website=Scan Magazine|language=en-GB|archive-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704213219/https://scanmagazine.co.uk/gota-canal-2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Martinez|first=Helena|title=Färjan Lina|url=https://toreboda.se/Toreboda-kommun/Kultur--fritid/Turism/Farjan-Lina.html|access-date=2020-07-04|website=toreboda.se – Töreboda kommun|language=sv|archive-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704213410/https://toreboda.se/Toreboda-kommun/Kultur--fritid/Turism/Farjan-Lina.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights="150px">
File:Silja Symphony Kustaanmiekka.jpg|{{MS|Silja Symphony}} leaving [[Helsinki]] via the Kustaanmiekka strait to the [[Baltic Sea]].
File:HSF Festos Palace wisnia6522.jpg|Ro-Pax ''[[MV Festos Palace|Festos Palace]]'' in [[Port of Piraeus|Piraeus]], Greece
File:Road ferry Merisilta.jpg|A road ferry between [[Oulu]] and the [[Hailuoto Island]] on the [[Bothnian Bay]]
</gallery>

<gallery mode=packed heights="200px">
File:Bridge and deck of Gullbritt.jpg|alt=|M/S ''Gullbritt'' in the [[Gullmarn|Gullmar Fjord]] close to [[Lysekil]], [[Sweden]]. Sweden has many of these yellow ferries that are run by the [[Swedish Transport Administration]]. Almost all of them are free of charge.
</gallery>

===North America===

==== Canada ====
Due to the numbers of large freshwater lakes and length of shoreline in Canada, various provinces and territories have ferry services.

[[BC Ferries]] operates the third largest ferry service in the world which carries travellers between [[Vancouver Island]] and the [[British Columbia]] mainland on the country's west coast. This ferry service operates to other islands including the [[Gulf Islands]] and [[Haida Gwaii]]. In 2015, BC Ferries carried more than 8&nbsp;million vehicles and 20&nbsp;million passengers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcferries.com/files/AboutBCF/AR/BCFS_AnnualReport_2015-2016.pdf|title=Annual Report 2015–2016 : British Columbia Ferry Service Inc. & B. C. Ferry Authority|website=Bcferries.com|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=11 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111010311/http://www.bcferries.com/files/AboutBCF/AR/BCFS_AnnualReport_2015-2016.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In [[Vancouver]] there is [[SeaBus]].

Canada's east coast has been home to numerous inter- and intra-provincial ferry and coastal services, including a large network operated by the federal government under [[CN Marine]] and later [[Marine Atlantic]]. Private and publicly owned ferry operations in eastern Canada include Marine Atlantic, serving the island of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], as well as [[Bay Ferries]], [[Northumberland Ferries]], [[Coopérative de transport maritime et aérien|CTMA]], [[Coastal Transport]], and [[Société des traversiers du Québec|STQ]]. Canadian waters in the [[Great Lakes]] once hosted numerous ferry services, but these have been reduced to those offered by [[Owen Sound Transportation Company]] and several smaller operations. There are also several commuter passenger ferry services operated in major cities, such as [[Metro Transit (Halifax)|Metro Transit]] in [[Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], and [[Toronto Island ferries]] in Toronto. There is also the [[Société des traversiers du Québec]].

==== United States ====
Due to the [[North Carolina]] coast's geography, consisting of numerous sounds, inlets, tidal arms, and islands, ferry transportation is essential in the region. The state operates twelve routes, eight of which are under the oversight of the [[North Carolina Department of Transportation Ferry Division]], three of which are under the direct oversight of the [[North Carolina Department of Transportation]], and one of which is under the oversight of the [[North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferry Schedule {{!}} NC State Parks |url=https://www.ncparks.gov/state-parks/hammocks-beach-state-park/ferry-schedule |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=www.ncparks.gov |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727181959/https://www.ncparks.gov/state-parks/hammocks-beach-state-park/ferry-schedule |url-status=live }}</ref> Three of the Ferry Division routes are tolled, and all ferry routes operated by the North Carolina Department of Transportation carry both vehicles and pedestrians, although certain vessels only carry pedestrians and cyclists. The National Park Service additionally works with private companies to offer ferry service to locations such as [[Cape Lookout National Seashore|Cape Lookout]] and [[Portsmouth, North Carolina|Portsmouth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Authorized Ferry Services – Cape Lookout National Seashore (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/calo/planyourvisit/ferry.htm |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610155000/https://www.nps.gov/calo/planyourvisit/ferry.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Washington State Ferries]] operates the most extensive ferry system in the continental United States and the second largest in the world by vehicles carried, with ten routes on [[Puget Sound]] and the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]] serving [[Ferry terminal|terminals]] in Washington and Vancouver Island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/61B38EF5-0E39-420D-84F8-582A6A6CF476/0/WSFFactSheet2016_FINAL.pdf|title=WSDOT Ferries Division : Nation's Largest Ferry System|date=December 2016|website=Wsdot.wa.gov|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221120608/https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/61B38EF5-0E39-420D-84F8-582A6A6CF476/0/WSFFactSheet2016_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016, Washington State Ferries carried 10.5&nbsp;million vehicles and 24.2&nbsp;million riders in total.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/traffic_stats/annualpdf/2016.pdf|title=Washington State Ferries : Traffic Statistics Rider Segment report|date=2016|website=Wsdot.wa.gov|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128021319/http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/ferries/traffic_stats/annualpdf/2016.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Alaska Marine Highway|Alaska Marine Highway System]] provides service between Bellingham, Washington, and various towns and villages throughout Southeast and Southwest Alaska, including crossings of the [[Gulf of Alaska]]. AMHS provides affordable access to many small communities with no road connection or airport.

The [[Staten Island Ferry]] in [[Transportation in New York City|New York City]], sailing between the boroughs of [[Manhattan]] and [[Staten Island]], is the nation's single busiest ferry route by passenger volume. Unlike riders on many other ferry services, Staten Island Ferry passengers do not pay any fare to ride it. New York City also has a network of smaller ferries, or ''water taxis'', that shuttle commuters along the [[Hudson River]] from locations in [[New Jersey]] and Northern [[Manhattan]] down to the midtown, downtown and Wall Street business centers. Several ferry companies also offer service linking midtown and lower Manhattan with locations in the boroughs of [[Queens]] and [[Brooklyn]], crossing the city's [[East River]]. New York City Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] announced in February 2015 that city would begin an expanded Citywide Ferry Service, and launched as [[NYC Ferry]] in 2017, linking heretofore relatively isolated communities such as [[Manhattan]]'s [[Lower East Side]], [[Soundview, Bronx|Soundview]] in [[The Bronx]], [[Astoria, Queens|Astoria]] and [[Rockaway, Queens|the Rockaways]] in [[Queens]] and such [[Brooklyn]] neighborhoods as [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn|Bay Ridge]], [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]], and [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] with existing ferry landings in [[Lower Manhattan]] and [[Midtown Manhattan]]. A second expansion phase connected [[Staten Island]] to the West Side of Manhattan, and added a stop in Throgs Neck, in the Bronx. NYC Ferry is now the largest passenger fleet in the United States.

The [[New Orleans]] area also has many ferries that carry both vehicles and pedestrians. Most notable is the Algiers Ferry, which has been in continuous operation since 1827 and is one of the oldest operating ferries in North America.
In New England, vehicle-carrying ferry services between mainland [[Cape Cod]] and the islands of [[Martha's Vineyard]] and [[Nantucket]] are operated by [[The Woods Hole, Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket Steamship Authority]], which sails year-round between [[Woods Hole]] and [[Vineyard Haven]] as well as [[Hyannis, Massachusetts|Hyannis]] and [[Nantucket]]. Seasonal service is also operated from Woods Hole to [[Oak Bluffs]] during the summer and fall. As there are no bridges or tunnels connecting the islands to the mainland, The Steamship Authority ferries in addition to being the only method for transporting private cars to or from the islands, also ferry heavy freight and supplies, such as construction materials and fuel, competing with tug and barge companies. Additionally, [[Hy-Line Cruises]] operates high-speed catamaran service from Hyannis to both islands, and several smaller operations run seasonal passenger-only service primarily geared towards tourist [[day-tripper]]s from other mainland ports, including [[New Bedford, MA|New Bedford]], (New Bedford Fast Ferry) [[Falmouth, MA|Falmouth]], (Island Queen ferry and Falmouth Ferry) and [[Harwich, MA|Harwich]] (Freedom Cruise Line). Ferries also bring riders and vehicles across [[Long Island Sound]] to such [[Connecticut]] cities as [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]] and [[New London, Connecticut|New London]], and to [[Block Island]] in [[Rhode Island]] from points on [[Long Island]].

Transbay commuting in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] was primarily ferry-based until the advent of automobiles in the 1940s, and most bridges in the area were built to supplant ferry services. By the 1970s, ferries were primarily used by tourists with [[Golden Gate Ferry]], an organization under the ownership of the same governing body as the [[Golden Gate Bridge]], left as the sole commute operator. The [[1989 Loma Prieta earthquake]] prompted the restoration of service to the [[East Bay]]. The modern ferry network is primarily under the authority of [[San Francisco Bay Ferry]], connecting with cities as far as [[Vallejo, California|Vallejo]]. Tourist excursions are also offered by [[Blue & Gold Fleet]] and [[Red & White Fleet]]. A ferry serves [[Angel Island (California)|Angel Island]] (which also accepts private craft). [[Alcatraz]] is served exclusively by ferry service administered by the [[National Park Service]].
{{main|Ferries of San Francisco Bay}}

Until the completion of the [[Mackinac Bridge]] in the 1950s, ferries were used for vehicle transportation between the [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Lower]] and the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsulas]] of [[Michigan]], across the [[Straits of Mackinac]] in the United States. Ferry service for [[bicycles]] and passengers continues across the straits for transport to [[Mackinac Island]], where motorized vehicles are almost completely prohibited. This crossing is made possible by two ferry lines [[Shepler's Ferry]] and [[Star Line Ferry|Mackinac Island Ferry Company (formerly Star Line)]].

A ferry service runs between [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]] and [[Muskegon, Michigan]] operated by [[Lake Express]]. Another ferry [[SS Badger]] operates between [[Manitowoc, Wisconsin]] and [[Ludington, Michigan]]. Both cross [[Lake Michigan]].

Numerous additional inland ferry routes exist in the United States, such as the [[Cave-In-Rock Ferry]] across the Ohio River, and the [[Tennessee State Route 147|Benton-Houston Ferry]] across the Tennessee River.

===== Modernization of ferry system =====
The FTA announced in September 2024 that it would award $300 million in grants to modernize ferry systems in the United States. These grants will support 18 projects across 14 states, emphasizing upgrading environmentally friendly [[Marine propulsion|propulsion]] systems. Eight of the 18 projects will receive funding for this purpose.<ref name="m614">{{cite web | title=INVESTING IN AMERICA: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Nearly $300 Million in Grants to Modernize America's Ferry Systems | website=Federal Transit Administration | date=2024-09-16 | url=https://www.transit.dot.gov/about/news/investing-america-biden-harris-administration-announces-nearly-300-million-grants | access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref>

One notable project is the San Francisco ferry system, which will receive $11.5 million to improve the connection between Treasure Island and Mission Bay. In Maine, the ferry system will be upgraded in Lincolnville and Islesboro. Additionally, Alaska will receive a significant $106.4 million grant to replace a 60-year-old vessel operating in the southwest. This vessel is a crucial connector for the region.<ref name="m614" />

These grants are part of the FTA's efforts to improve ferry transportation in the United States and promote [[sustainable transportation]] options.<ref name="m614" />

==== Mexico ====
Mexico has ferry services run by [[Baja Ferries]] that connect [[La Paz, Baja California Sur|La Paz]] located on the Baja California Peninsula with [[Mazatlán]] and [[Topolobampo]]. Passenger ferries also run from [[Playa del Carmen]] to the island of [[Cozumel]].
<gallery mode=packed heights="150px">
File:Spirit of vi 3.jpg|{{MV|Spirit of Vancouver Island}} en route to [[Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal|Tsawwassen]] from [[Swartz Bay Ferry Terminal|Swartz Bay]]. Route 1 is [[BC Ferries]] busiest route.
File:Washington State Ferry 6415.JPG|The ''[[MV Spokane]]'' sailing from [[Edmonds, Washington|Edmonds]] to [[Kingston, Washington|Kingston]], one of ten routes served by [[Washington State Ferries]].
File:LeConte Kennicott 30.jpg|Alaska Marine Highway System ferries [[MV LeConte|MV ''LeConte'']] and [[MV Kennicott|MV ''Kennicott'']] near [[Juneau, Alaska]]
</gallery>

===South America===
There are several ferries in South America.

[[Chacao Channel]] has ferry lines.

===Oceania===

==== Australia ====
In Australia, two [[Spirit of Tasmania]] ferries carry passengers and vehicles {{convert|450|km}} across [[Bass Strait]], the body of water that separates [[Tasmania]] from the Australian mainland, often under turbulent sea conditions. These run overnight but also include day crossings in peak time. Both ferries are based in the northern Tasmanian port city of [[Devonport, Tasmania|Devonport]] and sail to [[Geelong]]. Before Geelong this ferry used to sail to [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ferrygogo.com/geelong-tasmania-one-month-after/|title=Geelong-Tasmania One Month After|date=23 November 2022 |access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=2 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202092157/https://ferrygogo.com/geelong-tasmania-one-month-after/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://geelongport.com.au/news/geelongport-welcomes-spirit-of-tasmania-to-geelong/|title=GeelongPort welcomes Spirit of Tasmania to Geelong|date=23 October 2022 |access-date=2 December 2022|archive-date=2 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202092147/https://geelongport.com.au/news/geelongport-welcomes-spirit-of-tasmania-to-geelong/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The double-ended Freshwater-class ferry cuts an iconic shape as it makes its way up and down Sydney Harbour [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] between [[Manly, New South Wales|Manly]] and [[Circular Quay]].

==== New Zealand ====
In New Zealand, ferries connect [[Wellington]] in the [[North Island]] with [[Picton, New Zealand|Picton]] in the [[South Island]], linking New Zealand's two main islands. The route is {{convert|92|km}}, and is run by two companies – government-owned [[Interislander]], and independent [[Strait Shipping|Bluebridge]], who say the trip takes three and half hours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatjourneysofnz.co.nz/interislander/experience/the-journey-cook-strait/|title=The Journey|website=Great Journeys of New Zealand|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221005649/https://www.greatjourneysofnz.co.nz/interislander/experience/the-journey-cook-strait/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights="150px">
File:Devonport-Spirit-Of-Tasmania-2008.jpg|{{MS|Spirit of Tasmania II}} at port in [[Devonport, Tasmania|Devonport]], Australia.
File:Sydney Ferry Freshwater.jpg|The Manly Ferry '[[MV Freshwater]]'
</gallery>

==Types==
Ferry designs depend on the length of the route, the passenger or vehicle capacity required, speed requirements and the water conditions the craft must deal with.

===Double-ended===
[[File:Ferrytobermory.jpg|thumb|Ferry in Ontario (Manitoulin Island) vehicles load via the front and back of the ferry opening hull]]
Double-ended ferries have interchangeable bows and sterns, allowing them to shuttle back and forth between two [[Ferry terminal|terminals]] without having to turn around. Well-known double-ended ferry systems include the [[BC Ferries]], the [[Staten Island Ferry]], [[Washington State Ferries]], [[Star Ferry]], several ferries on the [[North Carolina Ferry System]], and the [[Lake Champlain Transportation Company]]. Most Norwegian fjord and coastal ferries are double-ended vessels. All [[Marine Atlantic|ferries]] from southern [[Prince Edward Island]] to the mainland of Canada were double-ended. This service was discontinued upon completion of the [[Confederation Bridge]]. Some ferries in [[Sydney Ferries|Sydney, Australia]] and [[BC Ferries|British Columbia]] are also double-ended. In 2008, BC Ferries launched the first of the [[Coastal-class ferry|Coastal-class ferries]], which at the time were the world's largest double enders. These were surpassed as the world's largest double-enders when [[P&O Ferries]] launched their first double-ender, called the [[P&O Pioneer]], which entered service in June 2023 replacing Pride of Kent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niferry.co.uk/first-new-po-ferries-dover-ship-floated-out-in-china/|title=First new P&O Ferries Dover ship floated out in China|publisher=NI Ferry|date=2022-01-08|access-date=8 January 2022|archive-date=8 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108002716/https://www.niferry.co.uk/first-new-po-ferries-dover-ship-floated-out-in-china/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Hydrofoil===
[[Hydrofoil]]s have the advantage of higher cruising speeds, succeeding [[hovercraft]] on some English Channel routes where the ferries now compete against the Eurotunnel and [[Eurostar]] trains that use the [[Channel Tunnel]]. Passenger-only hydrofoils also proved a practical, fast and relatively economical solution in the [[Canary Islands]], but were recently replaced by faster [[catamaran]] "high speed" ferries that can carry cars. Their replacement by the larger craft is seen by critics as a retrograde step given that the new vessels use much more fuel and foster the inappropriate use of cars<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atan.org/en/costas/fast/milenium.htm|title=ATAN official web page: Fast Ferries – pointless gas-guzzlers|website=Atan.org|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170528/http://www.atan.org/en/costas/fast/milenium.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> in islands already suffering from the impact of mass tourism.

===Hovercraft===
[[File:SRN4 Hovercraft Mountbatten Class.jpg|thumb|Mark 3 [[SR.N4]] hovercraft, [[Port Dover|Dover]]]]
[[Hovercraft]] were developed in the 1960s and 1970s to carry cars. The largest was the massive [[SR.N4]] which carried cars in its centre section with ramps at the bow and stern between England and France. The hovercraft was superseded by catamarans which are nearly as fast and are less affected by sea and weather conditions. Only one service now remains, a foot passenger service between [[Portsmouth]] and the [[Isle of Wight]] run by [[Hovertravel]]. From 1984 to 1994 [[Scandinavian Airlines]] to operated a hovercraft service between [[Malmö]] and [[Copenhagen Airport]] as a connecting "flight" for passengers from southern Sweden. The service was replaced by a regular boat in 1994 and by the [[Öresund bridge]] in 2000.

===Catamaran===
[[File:Hsc manannan.png|thumb|[[Incat]] built [[Catamaran]] [[HSC Manannan|HSC ''Manannan'']] entering [[Douglas, Isle of Man]]]]
Since 1990 high speed [[catamaran]]s have revolutionised ferry services, replacing [[hovercraft]], [[hydrofoils]] and conventional monohull ferries. In the 1990s there were a variety of builders, but the industry has consolidated to two builders of large vehicular ferries between 60 and 120 metres. [[Incat]] of [[Hobart]], Tasmania favours a [[Wave-piercing hull]] to deliver a smooth ride, while [[Austal]] of [[Perth]], Western Australia builds ships based on [[Small-waterplane-area twin hull|SWATH]] designs. Both these companies also compete in the smaller river ferry industry with a number of other ship builders.

[[Stena Line]] once operated the largest catamarans in the world, the [[High-speed Sea Service|Stena HSS]] class, between the United Kingdom and Ireland. These [[water jet (propulsion)|waterjet]]-powered vessels, displaced 19,638 tonnes, accommodating 375 passenger cars and 1,500 passengers. Other examples of these super-size catamarans are found in the [[Condor Ferries]] fleet with the Condor Voyager and Rapide.

===Roll-on/roll-off===
[[File:Pont-Aven Car Deck.JPG|thumb|Lorries preparing to unload from the ''[[MV Pont-Aven|Pont-Aven]]'', the [[Brittany Ferries]] flagship]]
[[Roll-on/roll-off]] ferries (RORO) are large conventional ferries named for the ease by which vehicles can board and leave.

=== Cruiseferry / RoPax ===
A [[cruiseferry]] is a ship that combines the features of a [[cruise ship]] with a roll-on/roll-off ferry. They are also known as [[RoPax]] for their combined Roll on/Roll Off and passenger design.

===Fast RoPax ferry===
[[File:Superfast XI.jpg|thumb|[[MS Superfast XI|MS ''Superfast XI'']]]]
Fast [[Roll-on/roll-off#ROPAX|RoPax ferries]] are conventional ferries with a large garage intake and a relatively large passenger capacity, with conventional diesel propulsion and propellers that sail over {{convert|25|kn|km/h mph|0}}. Pioneering this class of ferries was [[Attica Group]], when it introduced Superfast I between Greece and Italy in 1995 through its subsidiary company [[Superfast Ferries]]. Cabins, if existent, are much smaller than those on cruise ships.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

===Turntable ferry===
[[File:Skye ferry scotland.jpg|thumb|right|Turntable ferry [[MV Glenachulish|MV ''Glenachulish'']]  operating between [[Glenelg, Highland|Glenelg]] on the Scottish mainland, and [[Kylerhea]] on the [[Skye|Isle of Skye]]. Built in 1969, she is the last manually operated turntable ferry in the world.]]
This type of ferry allows vehicles to load from the "side". The vehicle platform can be turned. When loading, the platform is turned sideways to allow sideways loading of vehicles. Then the platform is turned back, in line with the vessel, and the journey across water is made.

===Pontoon ferry===
<!--NOTE: Pontoon ferry in several articles links here-->
[[File:Ferry.dartmouth.750pix.jpg|thumb|The Lower [[Kingswear]] to [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]] ferry, [[Devon]], England. The [[Pontoon (boat)|pontoon]] carries eight cars and is towed across the [[River Dart]] by a small tug. Two ropes connect the tug to the pontoon.]]
[[Pontoon (boat)|Pontoon]] ferries and [[flat-bottomed boat]]s such as [[Punt (boat)|punt]]s carry passengers and vehicles across rivers and lakes and are widely used in less-developed countries with large rivers where the cost of bridge construction is prohibitive. One or more vehicles are carried on such ferries with [[Drawbridge|ramps]] at either end for vehicles or animals to board. [[#Cable ferry|Cable ferries]] are usually pontoon ferries. In the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany many such small cable ferries exist and are called [[pünte]]s.

===Train ferry===
{{main|Train ferry}}
[[File:101031 Italie sud 128.jpg|thumb|Train and car ferry between Calabria and Sicily, Italy]]
A train ferry is a ship designed to carry railway vehicles. Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with railway tracks, and the vessel has a door at either or both of the front and rear to give access to the [[Wharf|wharves]].

===Foot ferry===
Foot ferries are small craft used to ferry foot passengers, and often also cyclists, over rivers. These are either self-propelled craft or cable ferries. Such ferries are for example to be found on the lower [[Schelde|River Scheldt]] in [[Belgium]] and in particular the [[Netherlands]]. Regular foot ferry service also exists in the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, and across the [[Yarra River]] in Melbourne, Australia at [[Newport, Victoria|Newport]]. Restored, expanded ferry service in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]] uses boats for pedestrians only.

The UK has a variety of historic foot ferries such as the Butley Foot Ferry across [[Butley Creek]] which dates back to 1383.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-09 |title=The people keeping our historic foot ferries afloat |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-68428422 |access-date=2024-03-10 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Four Foot Ferries of The Suffolk Coast |url=https://www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk/four-foot-ferries-of-the-suffolk-coast |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.thesuffolkcoast.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>
===Cable ferry===
{{Main article|Cable ferry|Reaction ferry}}
[[File:Small Mannum Ferry.jpg|thumb|One of several self-propelled cable ferries that cross the lower reaches of the [[Murray River]] in South Australia]]
Very short distances may be crossed by a [[cable ferry|cable or chain ferry]], which is usually a pontoon ferry (see above), where the ferry is propelled along and steered by cables connected to each shore. Sometimes the cable ferry is human powered by someone on the boat. [[Reaction ferry|Reaction ferries]] are cable ferries that use the perpendicular force of the current as a source of power. Examples of a current propelled ferry are the four Rhine ferries in [[Basel]], Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faehri.ch/|title=Fähri Verein Basel|website=Faehri.ch|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706231810/http://www.faehri.ch/|archive-date=6 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cable ferries may be used in fast-flowing rivers across short distances. With an ocean crossing of approximately 1900 metres, the cable ferry between Vancouver Island and Denman Island in British Columbia; is the longest one in the world.

Free ferries operate in some parts of the world, such as at [[Woolwich]] in London, England (across the [[River Thames]]); in [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands (across the [[IJ (Amsterdam)|IJ]] waterway); along the [[Murray River]] in [[South Australia]], and across many lakes in [[British Columbia]]. Many cable ferries operate on lakes and rivers in Canada, among them a [[Reaction ferry|cable ferry]] that charges a toll operates on the [[Laval-sur-le-Lac–Île-Bizard Ferry|Rivière des Prairies]] between [[Laval-sur-le-Lac]] and [[Île Bizard]] in [[Quebec]], Canada. In Finland there were 40 road ferries (cable ferries) in 2009, on lakes, rivers and on sea between islands.

==Air ferries==
{{main|Air ferry}}
In the 1950s and 1960s, travel on an "air ferry" was possible—airplanes, often ex-military, specially equipped to take a small number of cars in addition to foot passengers. These operated various routes including between the United Kingdom and [[Continental Europe]]. Companies operating such services included [[Channel Air Bridge]], [[Silver City Airways]], and [[Corsairfly|Corsair]].

The term is also applied to any "ferrying" by air, and is commonly used when referring to airborne military operations.

==Docking==
[[File:Ferry loading.jpg|thumb|Drawbridge of the ferry lies on the [[ferry slip]]. This double sided ferry measures {{convert|74|x|17.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and carries 2000 passengers with 60 cars]]

Ferries often dock at specialized facilities designed to position the boat for loading and unloading, called a [[ferry slip]]. If the ferry transports road vehicles or railway carriages there will usually be an adjustable [[Inclined plane|ramp]] called an [[Linkspan|apron]] that is part of the [[Ferry slip|slip]]. In other cases, the [[Linkspan|apron ramp]] will be a part of the ferry itself, acting as a wave guard when elevated and lowered to meet a [[Slipway|fixed ramp]] at the terminus – a road segment that extends partially underwater or meet the [[ferry slip]].

==Records==
===Gross tonnage===
The world's [[Largest ferries of Europe|largest ferries are typically those operated in Europe]], with different vessels holding the record depending on whether length, gross tonnage or car vehicle capacity is the metric.

===Oldest===
The sole contender as oldest ferry in continuous operation is the [[Mersey Ferry]] from [[Liverpool]] to [[Birkenhead]], England. In 1150, the [[Birkenhead Priory|Benedictine Priory]] at [[Birkenhead]] was established. The monks used to charge a small fare to row passengers across the estuary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.merseyferries.co.uk/Content/AboutUs/2ndLevelNavigation.aspx |title=101 Interesting Facts |publisher=Mersey Ferries |access-date=30 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904150644/http://www.merseyferries.co.uk/Content/AboutUs/2ndLevelNavigation.aspx |archive-date=4 September 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1330, [[Edward III]] granted a charter to the Priory and its successors for ever: "the right of ferry there... for men, horses and goods, with leave to charge reasonable tolls". However, there may have been a short break following the [[Dissolution of the monasteries]] after 1536.

On 11 October 1811, inventor [[John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)|John Stevens]]' ship the ''Juliana'', began operation as the first [[steam]]-powered ferry (service was between New York City, and [[Hoboken, New Jersey]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hobokenmuseum.org/history/the-stevens-family/steamboat-innovation|title=Hoboken Historical Museum – Steamboat Innovation|website=Hobokenmuseum.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507131104/https://www.hobokenmuseum.org/history/the-stevens-family/steamboat-innovation|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The [[Elwell Ferry]], a [[cable ferry]] in [[North Carolina]], travels a distance of {{convert|110|yd|m}},<ref name="elkel">{{cite web
 | title = Elwell Ferry, Kelly, NC
 | publisher = Living in Style, August/September 2008, Christopher E. Nelson
 | url = http://adserver1.harvestadsdepot.com/tnwsobsvr/ss/085850/074/074.shtml?074_001/074_001.shtml
  }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> shore to shore, with a travel time of five minutes.<ref name="closed">{{cite web
 | title = Elwell Ferry: When getting 'away' is closer than you think
 | publisher = Star News Online, Jim Hanchett, 2 December 2005
 | url = http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20051205/COLUMNIST33/51202028?Title=Elwell-Ferry-When-getting-145-away-146-is-closer-than-you-think
 | access-date = 23 October 2009
 | archive-date = 7 March 2012
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120307144446/http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20051205/COLUMNIST33/51202028?Title=Elwell-Ferry-When-getting-145-away-146-is-closer-than-you-think
 | url-status = live
 }}</ref>

===Largest networks===
* [[Waxholmsbolaget]] – 21 vessels serving around 300 ports of call in the [[Stockholm archipelago]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Waxholmsbolaget |url=https://waxholmsbolaget.se/visitor-information/plan/starting-points |website=Where to start |publisher=Waxholmsbolaget |access-date=10 June 2020 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610175912/https://waxholmsbolaget.se/visitor-information/plan/starting-points |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Ferries in Istanbul|Istanbul Ferry Network]] – 87 vessels serving 86 ports of call in and around the [[Bosporus]] of [[Istanbul, Turkey]].
* [[BC Ferries]] – 36 vessels serving 47 ports of call along the west coast of [[British Columbia, Canada]], carrying 22.3&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref name="bc ferries ar">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcferries.com/investors/AR.html|title=Annual Reports {{!}} BC Ferries – British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.|website=www.bcferries.com|access-date=2019-08-20|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825081745/http://www.bcferries.com/investors/AR.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Caledonian MacBrayne]] – 31 vessels serving 50 ports of call along the west coast of [[Scotland]], carrying 1.43&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/business-review|title=Business Review {{!}} CalMac Ferries|website=www.calmac.co.uk|access-date=2019-08-20|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820223526/https://www.calmac.co.uk/corporate/business-review|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sydney Ferries]] – 31 vessels serving 36 ports of call in [[Port Jackson]] (Sydney Harbour), carrying 15.3&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.beyondthewharf.com.au/who-we-are/|title=Who we are – Transdev Sydney Ferries – Discover, Experience, Share, Sydney Harbour by Ferry|website=Transdev Sydney Ferries|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-08-20|archive-date=20 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820223910/http://www.beyondthewharf.com.au/who-we-are/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Washington State Ferries]] – 21 vessels serving 20 ports of call around [[Puget Sound]] of [[Washington (state)|Washington, United States]], carrying 24.2&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref name="wsdotwa ridership high">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/01/18/ferry-ridership-surges-highest-level-decade|title=Ferry ridership surges to highest level in a decade {{!}} WSDOT|website=www.wsdot.wa.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-08-20|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122092547/https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/news/2017/01/18/ferry-ridership-surges-highest-level-decade|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Metrolink Queensland]] – 21 vessels serving 26 ports of call along the [[Brisbane River]] in [[Brisbane, Australia]], carrying 2.7&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.transdevbrisbane.com.au/about/transdev-in-brisbane/|title=Transdev in Brisbane|website=www.transdevbrisbane.com.au|access-date=2019-08-20|archive-date=23 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823053844/http://www.transdevbrisbane.com.au/about/transdev-in-brisbane|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Société des traversiers du Québec]]

===Busiest networks===
* Istanbul Ferry Network – 40 million passengers annually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Şehir Hatları ® Tanıtım |url=https://www.sehirhatlari.istanbul/tr/kurumsal/hakkimizda-215 |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.sehirhatlari.istanbul |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216123416/https://www.sehirhatlari.istanbul/tr/kurumsal/hakkimizda-215 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Washington State Ferries]] – 24.2&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref name="wsdotwa ridership high" />
* [[Staten Island Ferry]] in [[Transportation in New York City|New York City]] – 23.9&nbsp;million passengers annually; busiest single-line ferry in the world.
* [[Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf#Ferries|Amsterdam GVB Ferries]] – 22.4&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jaarverslag.gvb.nl/gvb-in-2020/leefbare-stad#ov-netwerk-en-dienstregeling|title=GVB Annual report 2019|website=jaarverslag.gvb.nl|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618141540/https://jaarverslag.gvb.nl/gvb-in-2020/leefbare-stad#ov-netwerk-en-dienstregeling|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[BC Ferries]] – 22.3&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref name="bc ferries ar" />
* [[Star Ferry]] in [[Hong Kong]] – 19.7&nbsp;million passengers annually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starferry.com.hk/tc/operationalInfo|title=營運資料 &#124; 天星小輪有限公司|access-date=17 February 2020|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003054558/http://www.starferry.com.hk/tc/operationalInfo|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Fastest===
The gas turbine powered ''[[Luciano Federico L]]'' operated by Montevideo-based [[Buquebus]], holds the Guinness World Record for the fastest car ferry in the world, in service between [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]: its maximum speed, achieved in sea trials, was {{convert|60.2|kn|km/h mph}}.<ref>{{cite web
 | title = Luciano Federico L –
 | publisher = ship-technology.com
 | url = http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/luciano/
 | access-date = 4 June 2013
 | archive-date = 2 June 2013
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602044222/http://www.ship-technology.com/projects/luciano/
 | url-status = live
 }}</ref> It can carry 450 passengers and 52 cars along the {{convert|110|nmi|km mi|adj=on}} route.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com.au/vessels/amd1130.php|title=AMD 1130 – "Luciano Federico L"|website=Amd.com.au|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128074725/https://www.amd.com.au/vessels/amd1130.php|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Sustainability ==
[[File:Tallink Star in 2013.JPG|thumb|Fast [[Ro-Pax ferries]], like [[MS Star (2006)|MS ''Star'']], have notable CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.]]
The contributions of ferry travel to climate change have received less scrutiny than land and air transport, and vary considerably according to factors like speed and the number of passengers carried. Average carbon dioxide emissions by ferries per passenger-kilometre seem to be {{convert|0.12|kg|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Philippe Holthof|title='SO<sub>x</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions once again Hot Topic at Ferry Shipping Conference' : ''Ferry Shipping Conference 08: Building Bridges in the Industry''|url=http://www.shippax.se/back%CB%8Cknet/ext/file/fileredirect.asp?id=229&file=bilaga_konferens_maj08.pdf|website=Shippax.se|date=10 April 2009|page=3|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=25 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025185917/https://www.shippax.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> However, {{convert|18|kn|mph km/h|adj=mid|lk=in}} ferries between Finland and Sweden produce {{convert|0.221|kg|oz|abbr=on}} of CO<sub>2</sub>, with total emissions equalling a CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent of {{convert|0.223|kg|oz|abbr=on}}, while {{convert|24|–|27|kn|mph km/h|adj=mid}} ferries between Finland and Estonia produce {{convert|0.396|kg|oz|abbr=on}} of CO<sub>2</sub> with total emissions equalling a CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent of {{convert|0.4|kg|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lipasto.vtt.fi/yksikkopaastot/henkiloliikennee/vesiliikennee/autolauttae.htm |title=Unit emissions of ferries and Ropax |website=LIPASTO |first=Kari |last=Makela |access-date=3 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719224329/http://lipasto.vtt.fi/yksikkopaastot/henkiloliikennee/vesiliikennee/autolauttae.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Alternative fuels===
{{See also|Electric boat}}
With the [[price of oil]] at high levels, and with increasing pressure from consumers for measures to tackle [[global warming]], a number of innovations for energy and the environment were put forward at the Interferry conference in [[Stockholm]]. According to the company [[Solar Sailor Holdings|Solar Sailor]], hybrid marine power and solar wing technology are suitable for use with ferries, private [[yacht]]s and even tankers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interferry hears about green alternatives|url=http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/-interferry-hears-green-alternatives-/2007/10/05/2993389.htm|website=Tmcnet.com|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706202726/http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/-interferry-hears-green-alternatives-/2007/10/05/2993389.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Alternative fuels are becoming more widespread on ferries. The fastest passenger ferry in the world [[Buquebus]], runs on [[LNG]], while Sweden's [[Stena Line|Stena]] converted one of its ferries to run on both diesel and [[methanol]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=The World's First Methanol Ferry |url=https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=Stena Line |language=en-gb |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408145507/https://www.stenaline.com/media/stories/the-worlds-first-methanol-ferry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both LNG and methanol reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions considerably and replace costly diesel fuel.

Megawatt-class [[Battery electric vehicle|battery electric ferries]] operate in Scandinavia, with several more scheduled for operation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plugging in Finland's first electric ferry – Marine Log|url=https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/|date=20 November 2017|website=Marinelog.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-04|format=Video|archive-date=30 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730215806/https://www.marinelog.com/coastal/ferries/video-plugging-in-finlands-first-electric-ferry/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2017, the world's biggest purely electric ferry was the {{ship|MF|Tycho Brahe}}, which operates on the [[Helsingør–Helsingborg ferry route]] across the [[Øresund]] between [[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]]. The ferry weights 8414 tonnes, and has an electric storage capacity of more than 4 MWh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two massive ferries are about to become the biggest all-electric ships in the world|url=https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/|last=Lambert|first=Fred|date=2017-08-24|website=Electrek|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502185800/https://electrek.co/2017/08/24/all-electric-ferries-abb/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Since 2015, Norwegian ferry company [[Norled]] has operated e-ferry {{MV|Ampere||2}} on the Lavik-Opedal connection on the E39 north of Bergen.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-first-electric-car-ferry-enters-service/| title=World's First Electric Car Ferry Enters Service| publisher=World Maritime News| date=19 May 2015| access-date=21 June 2020| archive-date=22 June 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622111552/https://www.offshore-energy.biz/worlds-first-electric-car-ferry-enters-service/| url-status=live}}</ref> Further north on the Norwegian west coast, the connection between Anda and Lote will be the world's first route served only by e-ferries. The first of two ships, MF ''Gloppefjord'', was put into service in January 2018, followed by MF ''Eidsfjord''.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane| title=Multi Maritime-designed battery electric ferries MF Gloppefjord and MF Eidsfjord named in Sandane| author=Svetlana Modeva| publisher=VesselFinder| date=15 Mar 2018| access-date=21 June 2020| archive-date=31 July 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731071356/https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/11803-Multi-Maritime-designed-battery-electric-ferries-MF-Gloppefjord-and-MF-Eidsfjord-named-in-Sandane| url-status=live}}</ref> The owner, [[Fjord1]], has commissioned a further seven battery-powered ferries to be in operation from 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/|title=Fjord 1 orders seven electric ferries from Havyard – electrive.com|date=8 March 2018|work=electrive.com|access-date=2018-03-24|language=en-US|archive-date=24 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324223818/https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/08/fjord-1-orders-seven-electric-ferries-havyard/|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 60 battery powered car ferries are expected to be operational in Norway by 2021.<ref>https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607131613/https://www.tu.no/artikler/i-2021-vil-norge-ha-60-ferger-med-batterier-na-ma-vegdirektoratet-finne-en-standardlosning-for-lading/414997 |date=7 June 2019 }} WWW.TU.NO (In Norwegian).</ref>

[[File:E-ferry Ellen.2.JPG|thumb|{{ship|E-ferry|Ellen}}]]
Since 15 August 2019, [[Ærø Municipality]] have operated {{ship|E-ferry|Ellen}} between the southern [[Denmark|Danish]] ports of [[Fynshav]] and [[Søby]], on the island of [[Ærø]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/20/world-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark| title=World's largest all-electric ferry sets sail in Denmark| publisher=Euronews| date=21 August 2019| author=Alice Tidey| access-date=21 August 2020| archive-date=2 October 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002115517/https://www.euronews.com/2019/08/20/world-s-largest-all-electric-ferry-sets-sail-in-denmark| url-status=live}}</ref> The e-ferry is capable of carrying 30 vehicles and 200 passengers and is powered by a battery "with an unprecedented capacity" of {{convert|4.3|MWh|hph|abbr=on|lk=on}}. The vessel can sail up to {{convert|22|nmi|mi km}} between charges – seven times further than previously possible for an e-ferry. It will now need to prove it can provide up to seven return trips per day. The European Union, which supported the project, aims to roll out 100 or more of these ferries by 2030.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives| title=Objectives| publisher=E-ferry, an EU project under the H2020 Research and Innovation programme| access-date=21 August 2020| archive-date=8 August 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155406/http://e-ferryproject.eu/Home/Objectives| url-status=live}}</ref>

A special feature is the Danish Udbyhøj cable ferry in [[Randers Fjord]] which has a land-based power supply by means of a retractable submarine cable.<ref>Jessica McCormick: ''[https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/ Electric Ferry Never Needs Charging]'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630010814/https://electrifynews.com/news/electric-ferry-never-needs-charging/ |date=30 June 2023 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}

== Accidents ==
{{Multiple image
| width             = 
| header            = Examples of sunken ferries
| image1            = Herald of Free Enterprise after salvage.jpg
| width1 = 170
| image2            = MV Salem Express 1.jpg
| width2 = 150
| image3            = Princess of the Stars August 2008.jpg
| width3 = 170
| image4            = 2017 MV Sewol in Mokpo New Port.jpg
| width4 = 245
| footer            = Images in Order of Appearance: {{MS|Herald of Free Enterprise}}, [[MV Salem Express|MV ''Salem Express'']], [[MV Princess of the Stars|MV'' Princess of the Stars'']] and [[Sinking of MV Sewol|MV ''Sewol'']]
| align             = none
}}

The following notable maritime disasters involved ferries:
{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
* {{ship|TEV|Wahine}} – (10 April 1968) 53 deaths
* [[Sinking of Namyoung-Ho|MV ''Namyoug-Ho'']] (15 December 1970) 323–326 deaths
* [[MV George Prince ferry disaster|MV ''George Prince'']] (20 October 1976) 78 deaths
* {{MS|Herald of Free Enterprise}} – (6 March 1987) 193 deaths
* {{MV|Doña Paz}} – (20 December 1987) 4,386 deaths
* {{MV|Doña Marilyn}} – (24 October 1988) ≈400 deaths
* {{MS|Scandinavian Star}} – (7 April 1990) 159 deaths
* {{MV|Salem Express}} – (15 December 1991) 470–850 deaths
* {{MS|Empress of Australia}} – (23 August 1992) 30 deaths
* [[Sinking of the MS Jan Heweliusz|MS ''Jan Heweliusz'']] – (14 January 1993) 55 deaths
* [[Sinking of MV Seohae|MV ''Seohae'']] – (10 October 1993) 292 deaths
* [[Sinking of the MS Estonia|MS ''Estonia'']] – (28 September 1994) 852 deaths
* {{MV|Cebu City}} – (2 December 1994) 140 deaths
* {{MV|Bukoba}} – (21 May 1996) 894 deaths
* {{MV|Princess of the Orient}} – (18 September 1998) 150 deaths
* {{MS|Express Samina}} – (26 September 2000) 81 deaths
* {{MV|Le Joola}} – (26 September 2002) 1,863 deaths
* {{MV|Princess of the Stars}} – (21 June 2008) 814 deaths
* {{MV|Spice Islander I}} – (10 September 2011) 1,573 deaths
* {{MV|Rabaul Queen}} – (2 February 2012) 88–223 deaths
* {{MV|Skagit}} – (18 July 2012) 150 deaths
* {{MV|St. Thomas Aquinas}} – (16 August 2013) 137 deaths
* [[Sinking of MV Sewol|MV ''Sewol'']] – (16 April 2014) 304 deaths
* [[Sinking of MV Nyerere|MV ''Nyerere'']] – (20 September 2018) 228 deaths
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport}}

{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
* [[Chain boat]]
* [[Ferry slip]] 
* [[Linkspan]]
* [[List of ferry operators]]
* [[Punt (boat)]]
* [[Pünte]]
* [[Sea tractor]]
* [[Team boat]]
* [[Transporter bridge]]
* [[Merchant Vessel]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Ferry|year=1920}}
* {{cite book|last1=Robins|first1=Nick|title=The Evolution of the British Ferry|date=1996|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire|isbn=1871947316}}
* "''When Horses Walked on Water: Horse-Powered Ferries in Nineteenth-Century America''" (Smithsonian Institution Press; Kevin Crisman, co-authored with Arthur Cohn, executive director of the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum).
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage|Ferries}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZigDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66 "Off Ferries, New And Old", May 1931, Popular Science]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ferry |short=x}}

{{ModernMerchantShipTypes}}
{{Public transport}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Boat types]]
[[Category:Ferries| ]]
[[Category:Ferry transport| ]]
[[Category:Ship types]]