Editing Ferney-Voltaire

{{Short description|Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Ferney-Voltaire
|commune status     = Commune
|image              = Ferney-Voltaire 3790.JPG
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Ferney-Voltaire (Ain).svg
|arrondissement     = Gex
|canton             = Saint-Genis-Pouilly
|INSEE              = 01160
|postal code        = 01210
|mayor              = Daniel Raphoz<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr|access-date=29 March 2021|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|url-status=live}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality   = [[Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Gex|CA Pays de Gex]]
|coordinates        = {{coord|46.2558|6.1081|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 423
|elevation min m    = 409
|elevation max m    = 446
|area km2           = 4.78
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Ferney-Voltaire''' ({{IPA|fr|fɛʁnɛ vɔltɛʁ}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Ain]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]] [[Regions of France|region]] of eastern France. It lies between the [[Jura Mountains]] and the [[France–Switzerland border|Swiss border]]; it forms part of the metropolitan area of [[Geneva]]. It is named for [[Voltaire]], who lived there from 1758.

==History==
Ferney was first noted in 14th-century [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundian]] registers as "Fernex" and changed several times until the 19th century to Fernay, Fernaj, Fernai or Fernex before adopting its current name as 'Ferney-Voltaire' in 1791, after the French Revolution which saw a number of city names unchristened and then given more republican names.

During Voltaire's residence in Ferney in the second part of the 18th century, the town saw rapid expansion. Today Ferney is a peaceful town with a Saturday market and a large international community, due to the proximity of [[CERN]] and the [[United Nations Office at Geneva]]. Ferney is growing very quickly. It is also home to the ''Lycée International''. Voltaire still presides over Ferney with his statue in the centre of town.

==Voltaire==
[[File:Voltaire statue, Ferney.JPG|thumb|left|Statue of Voltaire in town's center]]
From 1758 to 1778 Ferney was home to French writer and philosopher [[Voltaire]], sometimes referred to as "the patriarch of Ferney."<ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Ferney, The Patriarch of|year=1905}}</ref> His influence on the town was profound. He built the local church and founded cottage industries that produced some of the finest [[Pottery|potters]] and [[watchmaker]]s of modern France. The town was eventually renamed "Ferney-Voltaire" in his honour.

In 1758, after having lived in [[Geneva]] for less than two years, Voltaire purchased the estate of Ferney in France, near the Swiss border. A prime reason for his leaving Geneva was that theatre was forbidden in that [[Calvinist]] city, so he had decided to become the enlightened "patriarch" of the little village of Ferney, setting up potteries, a watchmaking industry and, of course, theatres, attracting rich people from Geneva to watch his plays.

During Voltaire's residence, the population of Ferney increased to more than 1,000. Voltaire lived there for the last 20 years of his life before returning to Paris, where he died in 1778.

==Population==
{{Historical populations
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|13700|Ferney-Voltaire}}</ref> and INSEE (1968–2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-01160#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718131418/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-01160#ancre-POP_T1 |date=18 July 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>
|graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |856
|1800 |884
|1806 |944
|1821 |686
|1831 |935
|1836 |1194
|1841 |1214
|1846 |1238
|1851 |1173
|1856 |1138
|1861 |1166
|1866 |1288
|1872 |1232
|1876 |1403
|1881 |1274
|1886 |1222
|1891 |1200
|1896 |1232
|1901 |1269
|1906 |1169
|1911 |1172
|1921 |1102
|1926 |1209
|1931 |1232
|1936 |1224
|1946 |991
|1954 |1275
|1962 |1805
|1968 |2984
|1975 |5642
|1982 |6399
|1990 |6408
|1999 |7083
|2007 |7741
|2012 |8844
|2017 |9766
}}

==Schools==
[[File:EcoleFlorian.JPG|thumb|right|École Florian]]
The community has two public preschools/primary schools: École Jean-Calas and École Florian. A nearby intercommunal school, École Intercommunale Jean de la Fontaine in [[Prévessin-Moëns]], also serves the community. {{As of|2018}} the three schools had a combined total of 952 students, with Jean-Calas, Florian, and Jean de la Fontaine respectively having 278, 307, and 367 students.<ref name=Primary>"[https://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/enfance-jeunesse/scolarite/maternelle-et-elementaire Maternelles et élémentaires] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110100427/https://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/enfance-jeunesse/scolarite/maternelle-et-elementaire |date=10 November 2018 }}." Ferney-Voltaire. Retrieved on 10 November 2018.</ref> Around 1940 a primary school, the École de Ferney-Voltaire, was established. About 1970 it was renamed ''École Florian'', after the French poet and [[fabulist]] [[Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian]], whose uncle and guardian, the Marquis de Florian, had married a niece of Voltaire, {{interlanguage link|Madame Dompierre de Fontaine|fr}}. The school is notable for having had a large number of pupils who were children of physicists at [[CERN]], which is located in the vicinity.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} Ferney-Voltaire also has a private preschool/primary school, École Saint-Vincent.<ref name="Primary" />

Collège Le Joran (junior high school), in Prévessin-Moëns,<ref>"[http://www.prevessin-moens.fr/college Collège & lycée] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120145/http://www.prevessin-moens.fr/college |date=10 November 2018 }}." Prévessin-Moëns. Retrieved on 10 November 2018.</ref> serves Ferney-Voltaire.<!--https://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/enfance-jeunesse/scolarite/colleges-et-lycee shows Le Joran as serving Ferney-Voltaire, calling it "COLLÈGE DE PRÉVESSIN-MOËNS"--> [[Lycée international de Ferney-Voltaire]], including a junior high school/middle school (''collège'') and a senior high school/sixth form college (''lycée'') was created in 1961 in Ferney-Voltaire.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Présentation historique - [Cité Scolaire Internationale de Ferney-Voltaire]|url=https://csi-ferneyvoltaire.etab.ac-lyon.fr/spip/spip.php?article86|access-date=2020-08-18|website=csi-ferneyvoltaire.etab.ac-lyon.fr|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026043819/http://csi-ferneyvoltaire.etab.ac-lyon.fr/spip/spip.php?article86|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2016, the Lycée includes a branch campus in [[Saint-Genis-Pouilly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/enfance-jeunesse/scolarite/colleges-et-lycee|title=Collèges et lycée|publisher=Ferney-Voltaire|access-date=2018-11-10|archive-date=10 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110080333/https://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/enfance-jeunesse/scolarite/colleges-et-lycee|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-19|title=Lycée international|url=https://www.saint-genis-pouilly.fr/lycees|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Saint-Genis-Pouilly|language=fr|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920171857/https://www.saint-genis-pouilly.fr/lycees|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Sights==
[[File:Voltaire's chateau, Ferney.JPG|thumb|right|[[Château de Voltaire|Voltaire's chateau]]]]
Ferney's main attraction is [[Château de Voltaire|Voltaire's house]] (''[[château]]''), built 1758–66, now owned and administered by the ''[[Centre des monuments nationaux]]'' (an arm of the French Ministry of Culture). The chateau includes the main building, with a reconstruction of Voltaire's room (moved from its original location by later private owners), a garden with a fine view of the [[Alps]], and a church dedicated, contrary to custom, directly to God.  In the church's inscription, "''Deo erexit VOLTAIRE''" ("Erected to God by VOLTAIRE"), Voltaire's name is written in the largest characters.

A few dozen metres from the chateau is another impressive house, built in 1900 by ''Monsieur'' Lambert (the sculptor of the statue of Voltaire; his family owned the chateau before it was purchased by the French government). The house, now privately owned, had been used to store provisions and wine for the chateau, and to accommodate the household staff.

The village features 18th-century houses and artisans' workshops; a life-size statue of Voltaire; a smaller bust of him, surmounting a fountain; many restaurants, French and foreign; and proximity to the nearby cosmopolitan city of [[Geneva]], Switzerland.

Every Saturday, a market is held in the main street of Ferney.

The old road at the centre of the village is a remnant of the time when Voltaire resided at the chateau in Ferney-Voltaire.

The pedestal of the Voltaire statue, erected in 1890, dedicates that memorial to the town's "benefactor", noting that he built over a hundred houses for the inhabitants, as well as a school and church, gave the town interest-free loans, and fed its inhabitants in time of need.

On 31 May 2018, Président [[Emmanuel Macron]] officially visited the Château for the re-opening after renovation. [https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sciences/histoire/patrimoine-emmanuel-macron-en-visite-au-chateau-de-ferney-voltaire_2779483.html]
{{clear left}}

==Personalities==
* [[Harrikrisna Anenden]] (born 1947), film director
* [[Hina Aoyama]] (born 1970), paper-cutting artist and illustrator
* [[Saphia Azzeddine]] (born 1979), writer, actress and screenwriter
* [[Marie Louise Mignot|Marie Louise Denis]] (1712–1790), a niece of Voltaire
* [[Ananda Devi]] (born 1957), writer
* [[Andy Johnson-Laird]] (born 1945), computer scientist
* [[Jean-Antoine Lépine]] (1720–1814), watchmaker
* [[Gaspard Mermillod]] (1824–1892), bishop, later cardinal
* [[Michel Meylan]] (1939–2020), politician
* [[Gilles Mirallès]] (1966–2022), chess player
* [[Antoine Porcel]] (1937–2014), boxer
* [[David Pujadas]] (b.1964), journalist and television host [http://www.parismatch.com/People/Television/David-Pujadas-Le-jour-ou-je-suis-renvoye-du-lycee-1017964]
* [[Brian Savegar]] (1932–2007), production designer
* [[Georges Vianès]], mayor of Ferney-Voltaire from 1995 to 2001<ref>{{in lang|fr}} QuiElire.fr, [http://www.quielire.fr/elections_municipales_33947_commune_de_ferney_voltaire.html ''Commune de FERNEY VOLTAIRE (01210)''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721020143/http://www.quielire.fr/elections_municipales_33947_commune_de_ferney_voltaire.html |date=21 July 2011 }}. consulted 11 April 2008.</ref>
* [[Jean-Louis Wagnière]] (1739–1802), Voltaire's secretary for over twenty years, later mayor of Ferney-Voltaire
* [[Nedd Willard]] (1926–2018), writer, artist and journalist

==See also==
* [[List of places named after people]]
*[[Communes of the Ain department]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ferney-Voltaire}}
* [http://www.ferney-voltaire.fr/ Ferney-Voltaire commune] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://www.paysdegex-tourisme.com/ Pays de Gex Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217054932/https://www.paysdegex-tourisme.com// |date=17 February 2020 }} {{in lang|fr}}
** {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.ferney-voltaire.net/|title=Ferney-Voltaire Tourism}}
* [http://www.chateau-ferney-voltaire.fr/ Official website of Voltaire’s chateau]

{{Voltaire}}
{{Ain communes}}
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[[Category:Communes of Ain]]
[[Category:Ain communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]