Editing Ferdinand I of Romania

{{short description|King of Romania from 1914 to 1927}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Ferdinand I
| image        = Regele Ferdinand I al României (1915).jpg
| caption      = Ferdinand I in 1915
| succession   = [[King of Romania]]
| reign        = 10 October 1914 – 20 July 1927
| predecessor  = [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]]
| coronation   = 15 October 1922
| successor    = [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Marie of Romania|Marie of Edinburgh]]|10 January 1893}}
| issue        = {{Plain list | 
*[[Carol II of Romania|Carol II, King of Romania]]
*[[Elisabeth of Romania|Elisabeth, Queen of the Hellenes]]
*[[Maria of Yugoslavia|Maria, Queen of Yugoslavia]]
*[[Prince Nicholas of Romania|Nicholas, Prince Regent of Romania]]
*[[Princess Ileana of Romania|Archduchess Ileana]]
*[[Prince Mircea of Romania|Prince Mircea]]}}
| full name    = Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad
| house        = [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen#Romanian branch|Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]
| father       = [[Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern]]
| mother       = [[Infanta Antónia of Portugal]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1865|8|24|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Sigmaringen Castle]], [[Sigmaringen]], [[German Confederation]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1927|7|20|1865|8|24|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Peleș Castle]], [[Sinaia]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
| place of burial = [[Curtea de Argeș]], Romania
| signature    = Ferdinand I of Romania signature.svg
| religion     = [[Catholic Church in Romania|Roman Catholic]]
}}

'''Ferdinand I''' (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed ''Întregitorul'' ("the Unifier"), was [[King of Romania]] from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927. Ferdinand was the second son of [[Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern]], and [[Infanta Antónia of Portugal]], (daughter of [[Queen Maria II of Portugal]] and of [[Ferdinand II of Portugal|Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Kohary]]). His [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen|family]] was part of the [[Catholic]] branch of the [[Prussia]]n royal family [[Hohenzollern]].

In 1886, Ferdinand became heir presumptive to the Romanian throne, following the renunciation of his father (in 1880) and [[William, Prince of Hohenzollern|older brother]]. From the moment he settled in Romania, he continued his military career, gaining a series of honorary commands and being promoted to the rank of corps general. He married in 1893 [[Marie of Romania|Princess Marie of Edinburgh]], granddaughter of both [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Alexander II of Russia|Emperor Alexander II]].

Ferdinand became [[King of Romania]] on 10 October 1914, under the name Ferdinand I, following the death of his uncle, [[Carol I of Romania|King Carol I]]. He ruled Romania during [[World War I]], choosing to side with the [[Triple Entente]] against the [[Central Powers]]. This led to [[German Emperor|Kaiser]] [[Wilhelm II|Wilhelm II of Germany]] removing his name from the royal house of Hohenzollern. At the war's end, Romania emerged as a much-enlarged kingdom due to [[Bessarabia]], [[Bukovina]] and [[Transylvania]] and parts of [[Banat]], [[Crișana]], and [[Maramureș]] becoming part of the [[Kingdom of Romania]] in 1920, and Ferdinand was crowned king of "[[Greater Romania]]" in a grand ceremony in 1922. In the years following the establishment of Greater Romania, Romanian society went through a series of major transformations, especially to the application of the agrarian reform and of the universal vote. In 1925, his eldest son, [[Carol II of Romania|Prince Carol]], gave up the rights of succession to the royal crown of Romania leading to a dynastic crisis, as the next prince in line of succession was Carol's 4-year-old son, [[Michael I of Romania|Prince Michael]]. This led Ferdinand to remove Prince Carol's name from the royal house of Romania.

Ferdinand died from cancer in 1927 and was succeeded by his grandson Michael under a regency formed by three people: [[Prince Nicholas of Romania]], the younger brother of Prince Carol; patriarch [[Miron Cristea]]; and president of the Supreme Court of Justice [[Gheorghe Buzdugan]].

==Early life==
[[File:Prince Ferdinand of Romania.jpg|thumb|left|Ferdinand as a teenager, 1878]]
Prince Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born in [[Sigmaringen]] in southwestern Germany. The name was later shortened simply to Hohenzollern after the extinction of the [[Hohenzollern-Hechingen]] branch in 1869. The princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen had ruled the [[Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen|principality]] until 1850, when it was annexed to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]].

Ferdinand I was the son of [[Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]], and [[Infanta Antónia of Portugal]] (1845–1913), daughter of [[Queen Maria II of Portugal]] and [[Ferdinand II of Portugal|Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], heir to the Hungarian magnates of [[Koháry]] on his mother's side.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204443/Ferdinand-I | title = Ferdinand I | access-date = 28 March 2013}}</ref>

Following the renunciations, first of his father in 1880 and then of his elder brother [[Prince Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] in 1886, young Ferdinand became the heir-presumptive to the throne of his childless uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania]], who would reign until his death in October 1914.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://visit.peles.ro/king-ferdinand-i/ |title=The Royals: King Ferdinand I |access-date=28 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504152624/http://visit.peles.ro/king-ferdinand-i/ |archive-date=4 May 2013}}</ref> In 1889, the Romanian parliament recognized Ferdinand as a prince of Romania. The Romanian government did not require his conversion to Eastern Orthodoxy from Catholicism, as was the common practice prior to this date, thus allowing him to continue with his born creed, but it was required that his children be raised Orthodox, the state religion of Romania. For agreeing to this, Ferdinand was [[excommunicated]] from the Catholic Church, although this was later lifted.

Ferdinand's mother's first cousin Tsar [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]] sat on the throne of the neighbouring Bulgaria beginning in 1887, and was to become the greatest opponent of the kingdom of his Romanian cousins. The neighboring [[Emperor Francis Joseph]], monarch of [[Austria-Hungary]] and as such, ruler of [[Transylvania]], was Ferdinand's grandmother's first cousin.

Ferdinand, a complete stranger in his new home, started to get close to one of [[Elisabeth of Wied|Queen Elisabeth]]'s ladies in waiting, [[Elena Văcărescu]]. Elisabeth, the Queen consort of Romania, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance, although she was perfectly aware of the fact that a marriage between the two was forbidden by the Romanian constitution (according to the [[1866 Constitution of Romania]], the heir-presumptive to the throne was not allowed to marry a Romanian).

The affair caused a sort of dynastic crisis in 1891. The result of this was the exile of both Elisabeth (in [[Neuwied]]) and Elena (in [[Paris]]), as well as a trip by Ferdinand through Europe in search of a suitable bride, whom he eventually found in [[Queen Victoria]]'s granddaughter, Princess [[Marie of Edinburgh]].

==Marriage==
[[File:Marriage Medal of Ferdinand I of Romania 1893 by Scharff. Obverse.jpg|thumb|Wedding [[Medal]] of Ferdinand I of Romania 1893 by [[:de:Anton Scharff|Anton Scharff]]. Obverse]]
In Sigmaringen on 10 January 1893, the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Prince Ferdinand of Romania married his distant cousin, the [[Lutheran]] [[Marie of Romania|Princess Marie of Edinburgh]], daughter of the [[Anglican]] [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh]], and the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia]]. Marie and Ferdinand were third cousins in descent from [[Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Franz Frederick Anton, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]. Marie's paternal grandparents were [[Queen Victoria|Victoria of the United Kingdom]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]; her maternal grandparents were [[Alexander II of Russia]] and [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)|Marie of Hesse and by Rhine]]. The reigning emperor of neighbouring Russia at the time of the marriage was Marie's uncle, Tsar [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]], who would be succeeded by his eldest son and Marie's first cousin, Tsar [[Nicholas II]], the following year.

The royal Romanian marriage produced three sons (Carol, Nicholas, and Mircea – the last of whom dying in infancy) and three daughters (Elisabeta, Maria – called "Mignon" – and [[Princess Ileana of Romania|Ileana]]), but it was unhappy. Indeed, the couple's two youngest children, Ileana and Mircea, are widely believed to have been sired by Marie's long-time lover, [[Barbu Știrbey]].<ref name=gelardi>{{cite book| title=Born to Rule, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria, Queens of Europe| author=Julia Gelardi| publisher=Headline Book Publishing| year=2005| isbn=0-7553-1392-5| pages=91–93&115}}</ref><ref name=pakula>{{cite book|first = Hannah| last=Pakula| title=The last romantic: a biography of Queen Marie of Romania| isbn=0-297-78598-2| publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson| year=1985| location=London| pages=337}}</ref>

==King of Romania==
On 10 October 1914, Ferdinand's uncle, [[Carol I]], died without surviving issue. Ferdinand succeeded him as King of Romania, reigning until his own death on 20 July 1927.

Ferdinand was appointed as the 1,174th [[Knight]] of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] in Austria in 1909 and as the 868th Knight of the [[Order of the Garter]] in 1924.

===World War I===
{{Further|Romania during World War I|Diplomatic history of World War I# Romania}}

Though a member of a cadet branch of [[German Empire|Germany]]'s ruling [[Hohenzollern]] imperial family, Ferdinand presided over his country's entry into [[World War I]] on the side of the [[Triple Entente]] against the [[Central Powers]], on 27 August 1916. Thus he gained the sobriquet "the Loyal", having kept the oath he swore before the [[Romanian Parliament]] in 1914: "I will reign as a good Romanian."

[[File:WWI Poster Rumania.jpg|thumb|Wilhelm and Ferdinand (British [[World War I]] poster)]]
As a consequence of this "betrayal" of his German origin, [[German Emperor]] [[Wilhelm II]] had Ferdinand's name erased from the Hohenzollern House register.

Despite the setbacks after the entry into war, when [[Dobruja]] and [[Wallachia]] were occupied by the Central Powers, Romania fought in 1917 and stopped the German advance into [[Moldavia]]. When the new [[Bolshevik]] government of Russia [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk|sued for peace in 1918]], Romania was surrounded by the Central Powers and forced to conclude [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)|a peace treaty of its own]]; however, Ferdinand refused to sign and ratify the Treaty of Bucharest. Allied forces then advanced on the [[Thessaloniki]] front and they knocked Bulgaria out of the war. Ferdinand ordered the re-mobilization of the [[Romanian Army]], and Romania re-entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.

===After the war===

The outcome of Romania's war effort was the union of [[Bessarabia]], [[Bukovina]], and [[Transylvania]] with the [[Kingdom of Romania]] in 1918. Ferdinand became the ruler of a greatly enlarged Romanian state in 1918–1920 following the victory of the Entente over the Central Powers, a [[Hungarian-Romanian War of 1919|war]] between the [[Kingdom of Romania]] and the new [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]], and the [[Russian Civil War]]. He was crowned king of "Greater Romania" in a spectacular ceremony on 15 October 1922 in the courtyard of the newly consecrated "[[Coronation Cathedral, Alba Iulia|Coronation Cathedral]]" in the historic princely seat of [[Alba Iulia]] in Transylvania.

A new period of Romanian history began on the day of the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]] ([[Great Union Day]], ''Marea Unire'').<ref name="cimec">{{cite web|url=http://www.cimec.ro/Istorie/Unire/conti_eng.htm |title=Marea Unire de la Alba Iulia – 1 Decembrie 1918 |publisher=cimec.ro |access-date=7 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318011423/http://www.cimec.ro/Istorie/Unire/conti_eng.htm |archive-date=18 March 2014}}</ref> This period would come to an end with international treaties, in the years leading to World War II, which ceded parts of Romania to its neighbors. As such, they are widely seen as an attempt to provoke the country into taking sides and joining the war.<ref>Institute for Operative-Strategic Studies and Military History, Romania in World War II 1941–1945, Publishing House Sylvi, Bucharest 1997. {{ISBN|973-9175-24-4}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Romania in World War II, 1941–1945|author1=Duțu, A.|author2=Institute for Operative-Strategic Studies and Military History|author3=Alexandrescu, I.|date=1997|publisher=Publishing House Sylvi|isbn=9789739175241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tu4WAAAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/ferdinand_romania.htm | title = King Ferdinand I | access-date = 28 March 2013}}</ref>

Domestic political life during his reign was dominated by the conservative [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]], which was led by the brothers [[Ion I. C. Brătianu|Ion]] and [[Vintilă Brătianu]]. The acquisition of Transylvania had the unintended effect of enlarging the electoral base of the opposition, whose principal parties united in January 1925 – October 1926 to form the National Peasant Party.

==Death==
Ferdinand died from cancer in [[Sinaia]] in 1927, and was succeeded by his grandson [[Michael I of Romania|Michael]] under a [[regency]] (King Michael's [[Carol II of Romania|father]] having renounced his rights to the throne in December 1925). The regency had three members, one of whom was Ferdinand's second son, [[Prince Nicholas of Romania|Prince Nicholas]].

Moldovan sculptor [[:ro:Veaceslav_Jiglițchi|Veaceslav Jiglitchi]] installed stools (busts) of the king in different cities of Moldova ([[Bălți]], Curătura, [[Rezina]], [[Verejeni]], [[Orhei]], [[Nisporeni]], [[Varnița, Anenii Noi|Varnița]]) in 2015-23.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bustul Regelui Ferdinand I din s. Curătura, r. Șoldănești |url=https://monumentum.md/proiecte/orhei/bustul-regelui-ferdinand-i-din-s-curatura-r-soldanesti/}}</ref>

==Arms and honours==
{{See also|Coat of arms of Romania}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| [[File:Kingdom of Romania Coat of Arms Big 1881-1921.svg|185px]]
| [[File:Kingdom of Romania - Big CoA.svg|185px]]
| [[File:Royal standard of Romania (King, 1881 model).svg|150px]]
| [[File:Royal standard of Romania (King, 1922 model).svg|150px]]
|-
|[[Arms of dominion|Coat of Arms]] of Ferdinand I as King <br/>(1914-1922)
|[[Arms of dominion|Coat of Arms]] of Ferdinand I as King <br/>(1922-1927)
|[[Heraldic flag|Standard]] of Ferdinand I as King <br/>(1914-1922)
|[[Heraldic flag|Standard]] of Ferdinand I as King <br/>(1922-1927)
|}
He received the following honours:<ref name = "HofUndStaat">[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__34OAAAAYAAJ/page/n39  Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Preußen] (1908), Genealogy p.6</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Romania}}:
** [[Order of the Star of Romania|Grand Cross of the Star of Romania]]
** [[Grand Cross of the Crown of Romania]]
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Carol I]], with Collar, ''1906''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://familiaregala.ro/ordine-si-decoratii/ordinul-carol-i |title=Ordinul Carol I |website=[[Romanian royal family|Familia Regală a României]] |location=Bucharest |language=ro |trans-title=Order of Carol I |access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref>
** Founder of the [[Order of Michael the Brave]], ''26 September 1916''
* {{flagicon|Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen}} [[Hohenzollern]]: Cross of Honour of the Princely [[House Order of Hohenzollern]], 1st Class
* {{flag|Kingdom of Prussia}}:
** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''10 January 1893'';<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.)|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878823&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021|chapter=Schwarzer Adler-orden|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878823&view=1up&seq=631&skin=2021 5]|language=German|location=Berlin|year=1886|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref> with Collar
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]], with Swords
* {{flagicon|Anhalt}} [[Duchy of Anhalt]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Albert the Bear]], ''1887''<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LR03AAAAYAAJ/page/n33  Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt]'' (1894), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''1908''<ref>''Hof- und – Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern'' (1909), "Königliche Orden". p. 9</ref>
* {{flagicon|Saxe-Coburg and Gotha}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Altenburg}} {{flagicon|Saxe-Meiningen}} [[Ernestine duchies]]: Grand Cross of the [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]]
* {{flag|Grand Duchy of Hesse}}: Grand Cross of the [[Ludwig Order]], ''19 April 1894''<ref name="ordensliste">{{citation|title=Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste|chapter=Ludewigs-orden|page=8|language=German|location=Darmstadt|year=1907|publisher=Staatsverlag}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Saxony}}: [[Order of the Rue Crown|Knight of the Rue Crown]]<ref name="p78">Justus Perthes, ''Almanach de Gotha'' (1913) [https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha00unse_50/page/n133 p. 78]</ref>
* {{flagicon|Austrian Empire}} {{flagicon|Kingdom of Hungary|1889}} [[Austria-Hungary]]:<ref>{{citation|chapter=Ritter-Orden|chapter-url=http://alex.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/alex?aid=shb&datum=1910&size=45&page=369|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie|date=1910|access-date=3 April 2020|pages=56, 60|language=de}}</ref>
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen]], ''1890''
** [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''1909''
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]]
* {{flagcountry|Principality of Bulgaria}}: [[Order of St. Alexander|Grand Cross of St. Alexander]]
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}: [[Order of the White Lion|Collar of the White Lion]], ''1925''<ref>[http://www.vyznamenani.net/?p=1053 "Kolana Řádu Bílého lva aneb hlavy států v řetězech"] (in Czech), ''Czech Medals and Orders Society''. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</ref>
* {{Flag|Denmark}}: [[Knight of the Elephant]], ''8 January 1908''<ref>{{cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2|page=468}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]
* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]: [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]]
* {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''30 January 1893''<ref name="dell'interno1898">{{cite book|author=Italia : Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PP5|year=1898|publisher=Unione tipografico-editrice|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dnhcmSJ6FcC&pg=PA54 54]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}: Knight of Honour and Devotion<ref name="only-romania2">{{cite web|url=http://only-romania.com/2012/05/king-ferdinand-i-from-the-first-visit-in-country-to-his-death/|title=King Ferdinand I from the first visit in Country to his death &#124; Only in Romania|publisher=only-romania.com|access-date=7 December 2014}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Principality of Montenegro}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Prince Danilo I]]
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
* {{flag|Poland}}:
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Knight of the White Eagle]], ''31 August 1921''
** [[Virtuti Militari|Grand Cross of the Virtuti Militari]], with Star, ''21 June 1923''<ref>{{citation|author=Stanisław Łoza|title=Broń i Barwa|issue=7|year=1935|chapter=Virtuti Militari|chapter-url=http://bibliotekacyfrowa.eu/dlibra/show-content/publication/34917/edition/30663?ref=desc|page=148|language=pl|publisher=Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Muzeum Wojska|location=Warsaw}}</ref>
* Portugal:
** {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}: Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Two Orders]]
** {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal.svg}} [[First Portuguese Republic|Portuguese Republic]]: [[Order of the Tower and Sword|Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword]], ''11 May 1921''<ref>"[http://arquivo.presidencia.pt/details?id=124217 Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada – Processos de Estrangeiros: Fernando I (Rei da Roménia)]" (in Portuguese), ''Arquivo Histórico da Presidência da República''. Retrieved 3 April 2020.</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Russian Empire|1858}}:
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''1894''<ref name="p78"/>
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class
** [[Imperial Order of St. George|Knight of St. George]], 2nd Class, ''15 March 1918''
* {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Serbia}}:<ref name=acov>{{Cite book|last=Acović|first=Dragomir|title=Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=Službeni Glasnik|page=368}}</ref>
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Serbia)|Grand Cross of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of the Star of Karađorđe|Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe]], with Swords
* {{Flag|Sweden}}: [[Royal Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim]], ''18 December 1907''<ref>{{citation|title=Svensk rikskalender|year=1909|url=https://runeberg.org/rikskal/1909/0697.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|page=613|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}:
** [[Order of the Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath]] (civil), ''21 December 1892''<ref name=p214>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n305/mode/2up p. 214]</ref>
** [[Order of the Garter|Stranger Knight Companion of the Garter]], ''14 May 1924''
** [[Royal Victorian Chain]]
** Honorary Grand Cross of the [[Royal Victorian Order]]
}}

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Ferdinand I of Romania'''
|2= 2. [[Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern]]
|3= 3. [[Infanta Antónia of Portugal]]
|4= 4. [[Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern (died 1885)|Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern]]
|5= 5. [[Princess Josephine of Baden]]
|6= 6. [[Fernando II of Portugal]]
|7= 7. [[Maria II of Portugal]]
|8= 8. [[Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]
|9= 9. [[Marie Antoinette Murat]]
|10= 10. [[Charles, Grand Duke of Baden]]
|11= 11. [[Stéphanie de Beauharnais]]
|12= 12. [[Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry]]
|13= 13. [[Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya]]
|14= 14. [[Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal]]
|15= 15. [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria|Archduchess Leopoldina of Austria]]
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{in lang|ro}} Wolbe, Eugen:''Ferdinand I – Întemeietorul României Mari'' (Ferdinand I, founder of Greater Romania), Humanitas, 2006.

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/005091}}
* {{NPG name}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]]|24 August|1865|20 July|1927|[[House of Hohenzollern]]}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Carol I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Romania]]|years=10 October 1914 – 20 July 1927}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael I of Romania|Michael I]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Heads of State of Romania}}
{{Romanian princes}}
{{Great Union}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand 01 of Romania}}
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