Editing Farce

{{Short description|Comedy genre}}
[[File:Theatre Farce (Petrov-Vodkin).jpg|thumb|[[Petrov-Vodkin]]'s ''Theatre. Farce.'' (c. 1870s)]]
[[File:Contempt of Court 1879 poster.jpg|thumb|Poster for a production of [[Dion Boucicault|Boucicault]]'s farce ''Contempt of Court'', c. 1879]]

'''Farce''' is a [[comedy]] that seeks to entertain an audience through situations that are highly exaggerated, extravagant, ridiculous, absurd, and improbable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wordsmyth.net/?ent=farce|title=farce &#124; Dictionaries and vocabulary tools for English language learners &#124; Wordsmyth|website=www.wordsmyth.net|accessdate=Mar 19, 2023}}</ref> Farce is also characterized by heavy use of [[physical comedy|physical humor]]; the use of deliberate [[absurdity]] or [[nonsense]]; [[satire]], [[parody]], and mockery of real-life situations, people, events, and interactions; unlikely and humorous instances of miscommunication; ludicrous, improbable, and exaggerated characters; and broadly stylized performances.

== Genre ==
Despite involving absurd situations and characters, the genre generally maintains at least a slight degree of realism and narrative continuity within the context of the irrational or ludicrous situations, often distinguishing it from completely absurdist or fantastical genres. Farces are often episodic or short in duration, often being set in one specific location where all events occur. Farces have historically been performed for the [[theatre|stage]] and film.

== Historical context ==
The term ''farce'' is derived from the French word for "stuffing", in reference to improvisations applied by actors to medieval [[Liturgical drama|religious dramas]]. Later forms of this drama were performed as comical interludes during the 15th and 16th centuries.<ref>{{cite book
 | title=The Oxford Companion to English Literature
 | editor1-first=Dinah | editor1-last=Birch
 | edition=7th | publisher=OUP Oxford | year=2009
 | isbn=978-0191030840 | page=1043
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJoyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1043 }}</ref> The oldest surviving farce may be ''[[Le Garçon et l'aveugle]]'' (''The Boy and the Blind Man'') from after 1266, although the earliest farces that can be dated come from between 1450 and 1550. The best known farce is ''[[La Farce de maître Pathelin]]'' (''The Farce of Master Pathelin'') from c. 1460, although, at some 1500 verses long, it is among the most unusual.<ref>{{cite book
 | title=A New History of French Literature
 | editor1-first=Denis | editor1-last=Hollier
 | editor2-first=R. Howard | editor2-last=Bloch
 | publisher=Harvard University Press
 | year=1994 | isbn=0674615662 | page=126
 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGQOodBVG9YC&pg=PA126 }}</ref> The entire repertoire of typically shorter pieces experienced a heyday in medieval and Renaissance France, where over 200 such comedies survive. Over 70 of these have been translated into English, many of which can be found in these anthologies:

* Axton, Richard, and John Stevens, trans. ''Medieval French Plays''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1971.
* Boucquey, Thierry, trans. ''Six Medieval French Farces''. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1999.
* Denny, Neville, ed. and trans. ''Medieval Interludes.'' London: Ginn, 1972.
* Enders, Jody, ed. and trans. ''“The Farce of the Fart” and Other Ribaldries: Twelve Medieval French Plays in Modern English''. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
* Enders, Jody. ''“Holy Deadlock” and Further Ribaldries: Another Dozen Medieval French Plays in Modern English''. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017. 
* Enders, Jody, ed. and trans. ''Immaculate Deception and Further Ribaldries: Yet Another Dozen Medieval French Plays in Modern English.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022.
* Enders, Jody, ed. and trans. ''Trial by Farce: A Dozen Medieval French Comedies in Modern English for the Stage. ''  Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2023.
* Mandel, Oscar, trans. ''Five Comedies of Medieval France''. 1970; rpt. Boston and London: University Press of America, 1982. 

Spoof films such as ''[[Spaceballs]]'', a comedy based on the ''Star Wars'' movies, are farces.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=farce|url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/farce|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Vocabulary.com}}</ref>

Sir [[George Grove]] opined that the "farce" began as a [[canticle]] in the common French tongue intermixed with [[Latin]]. It became a vehicle for satire and fun, and thus led to the modern Farsa or Farce, a piece in one act, the subject of which is extravagant and the action ludicrous.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Grove|first=Sir George|title=Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians|publisher=McMillan|year=1908|location=New York|page=8}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Screwball comedy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Source-attribution|{{cite book |last1=Grove |first1=Sir George |title=[[Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians]] |year=1908 |publisher=New York, McMillan.}}}}

==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [https://www.imdb.com/interest/in0000036/ IMDb list of film and television farces]

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[[Category:Comedy genres]]