Editing Fabales

{{Short description|Order of flowering plants in the dicots}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Senna occidentalis.jpg
| taxon = Fabales
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Albian|Recent|[[Albian]]-[[Holocene|Recent]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54922| title = Paleobiology Database}}</ref>}}
| authority = [[Edward Ffrench Bromhead|Bromhead]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = 
*[[Fabaceae]] (legumes)
*[[Quillajaceae]]
*[[Polygalaceae]] ([[milkwort]] family)
*[[Surianaceae]]
| synonyms = 
*Caesalpiniales <small>Martius</small>
*Cassiales <small>Link</small>
*Mimosales <small>Link</small>
*Polygalales <small>Berchtold & J. Presl</small>
*Quillajales <small>Doweld</small>
*Surianales <small>Doweld</small>
}}

'''Fabales''' is an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plant]]s included in the [[Rosids|rosid]] group of the [[eudicots]] in the [[APG II system|Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II]] classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families [[Fabaceae]] or legumes (including the subfamilies [[Caesalpinioideae]], [[Mimosoideae]], and [[Faboideae]]), [[Quillajaceae]], [[Polygalaceae]] or milkworts (including the families [[Diclidantheraceae]], [[Moutabeaceae]], and [[Xanthophyllaceae]]), and [[Surianaceae]]. Under the  [[Cronquist system]] and some other plant classification systems, the order Fabales contains only the family Fabaceae. In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Fabales were in the [[superorder]] Fabiflorae (also called Fabanae) with three families corresponding to the subfamilies of Fabaceae in APG II. The other families treated in the Fabales by the APG II classification were placed in separate orders by Cronquist, the Polygalaceae within its own order, the [[Polygalales]], and the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae within the [[Rosales]].{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

The Fabaceae, as the third-largest plant family in the world, contain most of the diversity of the Fabales, the other families making up a comparatively small portion of the order's diversity. Research in the order is largely focused on the Fabaceae, due in part to its great biological diversity, and to its importance as food plants. The Polygalaceae are fairly well researched among plant families, in part due to the large diversity of the genus ''[[Polygala]]'', and other members of the family being food plants for various [[Lepidoptera]] ([[butterfly]] and [[moth]]) species.<ref>{{cite journal|last = Janz|first = N|author2=S Nylin|title = Butterflies and plants: A phylogenetic study|journal = Evolution|volume = 52|issue = 2|pages = 486–502|publisher = [[Society for the Study of Evolution]]|year = 1998|jstor = 2411084|doi = 10.2307/2411084|pmid = 28568350}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last = DeVries|first = PJ|author2=AI Chacon|title = Toward a better understanding of host use and biodiversity in riodinid butterflies|journal = Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera|volume = 31|issue = 1–2|pages = 103–126|year = 1992| doi=10.5962/p.266586 | s2cid=1559674 |doi-access = free}}</ref>  While taxonomists using [[Molecular systematics|molecular phylogenetic techniques]] find strong support for the order, questions remain about the morphological relationships of the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae to the rest of the order, due in part to limited research on these families.<ref>{{cite journal|last =  Morgan|first = DR |author2=Soltis, DE |author3=Robertson KR|title = Systematic and evolutionary implications of rbcL sequence variation in Rosaceae|journal = [[American Journal of Botany]]|volume = 81|issue = 7|pages = 890–903|publisher = Botanical Society of America|date = July 1994|doi = 10.2307/2445770|jstor = 2445770}}</ref>

According to [[molecular clock]] calculations, the lineage that led to Fabales split from other plants about 101 million years ago.<ref name="magallon2009">{{citation |author1=Susana Magallón  |author2=Amanda Castillo  |name-list-style=amp | year = 2009 | title = Angiosperm diversification through time | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 349–365 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.0800060 | pmid = 21628193 }}</ref>

==Distribution==
The Fabales are a [[Cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] order of plants, except only the subfamily [[Papilionoideae]] (Faboideae) of the Fabaceae are well dispersed throughout the northern part of the [[Temperate|North Temperate Zone]].<ref>{{cite web|last =  Stevens|first = PF|title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website|publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden|date = 7 May 2006|url = http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/| access-date = 2006-11-20}}</ref>

== Phylogeny ==
The [[phylogeny]] of the Fabales is shown below.

{{Clade | style=line-height:75%;
|1={{clade
  |1=[[Rosales]] ([[Outgroup (cladistics)|outgroup]])
  |label2='''Fabales'''
  |2={{clade
    |1=[[Polygalaceae]]
    |2=[[Surianaceae]]
    |3={{clade
      |1=[[Quillajaceae]]
      |2=[[Fabaceae]]
       }}
     }}
   }}
}}

==Gallery==
<gallery perrow="6">
File:Desmodium gangeticum 2 W IMG 2769.jpg|''[[Pleurolobus gangeticus]]''
Image:Lathyrus tuberosa (Guixa).jpg|Tuberous pea (''[[Lathyrus tuberosus]]'') of the [[Fabaceae]]
Image:Quillaja saponaria.jpg|Soap bark tree (''[[Quillaja saponaria]]'') of the [[Quillaja]]ceae 
Image:Polygala myrtifolia0.jpg|[[Polygala|Milkwort]] (''Polygala myrtifolia'') of the [[Polygalaceae]]
File:Polygala elongata in Talakona, AP I IMG 8388.jpg|[[Polygala|Milkwort]] (''Polygala elongata'') of the [[Polygalaceae]]
Image:Suriana maritima flowers.JPG|Bay cedar (''[[Suriana maritima]]'' of the [[Surianaceae]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{Commons category|Fabales}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Angiosperm orders}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q21878}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Fabales| ]]
[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]