Editing Extremadura

{{Short description|Autonomous community of Spain}}
{{For|other uses of Extremadura|Extremadura (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand Spanish|date=March 2018}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for keywords-->
 | name                     = Extremadura
 | official_name            = 
 | native_name_lang         = <!-- ISO 639-2 code (fr=French)-->
 | other_name               = 
 | settlement_type          = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
 | image_alt                = Flag of Extremadura
 | image_caption            = 
 | image_flag               = Flag of Extremadura with COA.svg
 | flag_size                = 
 | flag_alt                 = 
 | image_shield             = Escudo de Extremadura.svg
 | shield_size              = 70px
 | shield_alt               = Coat-of-arms of Extremadura
 | nickname                 = 
 | motto                    = 
 | anthem                   = "Himno de Extremadura"<br /> {{smaller|"Anthem of Extremadura"}}
 | image_map                = [[File:Extremadura in Spain (including Canarias).svg|275px|Map of Extremadura]]
 | map_alt                  = 
 | map_caption              = Location of Extremadura within Spain
 | coordinates              = {{coord|39|-6|region:ES-EX_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
 | coor_pinpoint            = 
 | subdivision_type         = Country
 | subdivision_name         = [[Spain]]
 | subdivision_type1        = Largest city
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Badajoz]]
 | seat_type                = [[Capital (political)|Capital]]
 | seat                     = [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]]
 | parts_type               = [[Provinces of Spain|Provinces]]
 | parts_style              = para
 | parts                    = <!--text or header for parts list-->
 | p1                       = [[Province of Cáceres|Cáceres]]
 | p2                       = and [[Province of Badajoz|Badajoz]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
 | government_footnotes     = 
 | government_type          = [[Devolved government]] in a [[constitutional monarchy]]
 | governing_body           = [[Junta de Extremadura]]
 | leader_party             = [[People's Party of Extremadura|PP]]
 | leader_title             = [[President of Extremadura|President]]
 | leader_name              = [[María Guardiola]]
<!-- area -->
 | area_total_km2           = 41634
 | area_land_km2            = 
 | area_water_km2           = 
 | area_water_percent       = 
 | area_rank                = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by area|5th]]
<!-- elevation -->
 | elevation_max_m          = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population2024>{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988 |title=Annual population census 2021-2024 |language=en |website=[[National Statistics Institute (Spain)]] |date=2024-12-19 |access-date=2025-01-29 }}</ref>
 | population_total         = 1,054,681
 | population_as_of         = 2024
 | population_rank          = [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by population|13th]]
 | population_density_km2   = auto
 | population_demonyms      = Extremaduran, Extremenian<br>''extremeño'' (m), ''extremeña'' (f)
 | population_note          = 
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
<!-- GDP  --------------->
 | demographics_type2       = GDP
 | demographics2_footnotes  = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ine.es/prensa/cre_2022.pdf | title=Contabilidad Regional de España|website=www.ine.es}}</ref>
 | demographics2_title1     = Total
 | demographics2_info1      = €24.870 billion (2023)
 | demographics2_title2     = Per capita
 | demographics2_info2      = €23,604 (2023)
<!-- time zone(s) -->
 | timezone1                = 
 | utc_offset1              = 
 | timezone1_DST            = 
 | utc_offset1_DST          = 
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
 | postal_code_type         = 
 | postal_code              = 
 | area_code_type           = [[Telephone numbers in Spain|Area code]]
 | area_code                = 
 | geocode                  = 
 | iso_code                 = [[ISO 3166-2:ES#Autonomous communities and autonomous cities in North Africa|ES-EX]]
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
 | blank_name_sec1          = Statute of Autonomy
 | blank_info_sec1          = February 26, 1983
 | blank1_name_sec1         = [[Official language]]s
 | blank1_info_sec1         = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
 | blank2_name_sec1         = Other languages
 | blank2_info_sec1         = [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]], [[Fala language|Fala]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Oliventine Portuguese]]
 | blank_name_sec2          = Legislature
 | blank_info_sec2          = 
 | blank1_name_sec2         = Parliament
 | blank1_info_sec2         = [[Assembly of Extremadura]]
 | blank2_name_sec2         = [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress]]
 | blank2_info_sec2         = 10 deputies (out of 350)
 | blank3_name_sec2         = [[Spanish Senate|Senate]]
 | blank3_info_sec2         = 10 senators (out of 265)
<!-- blank fields (section 4) -->
 | blank4_name_sec2         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
 | blank4_info_sec2         = 0.876<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/ESP/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2025-01-28}}</ref><br/>{{color|darkgreen|very high}} · [[List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index|17h]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
 | website                  = {{URL|http://www.juntaex.es}}
 | footnotes                = 
 | module                   = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=5 |height=300 |width= | stroke-width=1 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}

'''Extremadura''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|k|s|t|r|ə|m|ə|ˈ|dj|ʊər|ə}} {{respell|EK|strə|mə|DURE|ə}}; {{IPA|es|e(ɣ)stɾemaˈðuɾa|lang|Pronunciation of Extremadura in Spanish.ogg}}; {{langx|ext|Estremaúra}} {{IPA|ext|ehtːɾemaˈuɾa|}}; {{langx|pt|Estremadura}};  [[Fala language|Fala]]: ''Extremaúra'') is a landlocked [[autonomous communities in Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Spain]]. Its capital city is [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]], and its largest city is [[Badajoz]]. Located in the central-western part of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], it is crossed from east to west by the [[Tagus]] and [[Guadiana]] rivers. The autonomous community is formed by the two largest [[provinces of Spain]]: [[Province of Cáceres|Cáceres]] and [[Province of Badajoz|Badajoz]]. Extremadura is bordered by [[Portugal]] to the west and by the autonomous communities of [[Castile and León]] (north), [[Castilla–La Mancha]] (east), and [[Andalusia]] (south).

It is an important area for wildlife, particularly with the major reserve at [[Monfragüe]], which was designated a National Park in 2007, and the International Tagus River Natural Park (''Parque Natural Tajo Internacional''). The [[Government of Extremadura|regional government]] is led by the [[president of the Regional Government of Extremadura]], a post currently held by [[María Guardiola]] of the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]].

The Day of Extremadura is celebrated on 8 September.<ref name=ley1985>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1985/01e/01e.pdf Ley 4/1985, de 3 de junio, del Escudo, Himno y Día de Extremadura] (in Spanish)</ref> It coincides with the [[Catholic]] festivity of [[Our Lady of Guadalupe in Extremadura|Our Lady of Guadalupe]].<ref name=ley1985 /> The region, featuring an enormous energy surplus and hosting [[lithium]] deposits, is at the forefront of Spain's plans for [[energy transition]] and [[Low-carbon economy|decarbonisation]].

==Geography==
=== Physical environment ===
[[File:El torreón 2011.JPG|thumb|right|Towering over 2,400 m, the Calvitero is considered to be Extremadura's highest point.]]
[[File:Garganta de Cuartos.jpg|thumb|right|The Garganta de Cuartos in northeastern Extremadura]]
Extremadura is contained between {{nowrap|37° 57{{prime}}}} and {{nowrap|40° 29{{prime}} N}} latitude, and {{nowrap|4° 39{{prime}}}} and {{nowrap|7° 33{{prime}} W}} longitude.

The [[area]] of Extremadura is {{convert|41633|km2|abbr=on}}, making it the fifth largest of the Spanish autonomous communities. It is located in the Southern Plateau (a subdivision of the Spanish [[Meseta Central|Central Plateau]]).

The region is crossed from West to East by two large rivers, the [[Tagus]] and the [[Guadiana]], lining up three basic areas from North to South by combining mountain ranges and rivers: the territory spanning from the [[Sistema Central]] to the Tagus, the so-called ''Mesopotamia extremeña'' in between the Tagus and the Guadiana and the territory from the Guadiana to [[Sierra Morena]].{{Sfn|Ongil Valentín|Sauceda Pizarro|1986|p=155}} Besides the catchment basins of the Tagus and the Guadiana covering most of the territory by far, fringe areas of the region are drained by the [[Douro]] (north) and the [[Guadalquivir]] (south). Notable Tagus tributaries include the [[Tiétar River|Tiétar]] and the [[Alagón River|Alagón]] (rightbank) and the [[Almonte (river)|Almonte]], [[Ibor]], [[Salor]] and the Sever (leftbank). Regarding the Guadiana, important leftbank tributaries include [[Guadarranque]] and [[Ruecas]] and rightbank tributaries include the [[Zújar River]] and the [[Matachel]].

The highest point in Extremadura, the {{convert|2401|m|abbr=on}} high [[Calvitero]] (or El Torreón),<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 April 2003|title=Gredos, el techo de Extremadura|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/sociedad/2003/04/27/gredos-techo-extremadura-45745898.html|website=[[El Periódico Extremadura]]}}</ref> is located in the Sistema Central, in the northeastern end of the region, bordering with Castile and León. The main subranges of the Sistema Central in Extremadura are the [[Sierra de Gata]] and [[Sierra de Béjar (mountain range)|Sierra de Béjar]].

The modest heights of [[Sierra de las Villuercas]] (topping at {{convert|1603|m|abbr=on}} on the [[La Villuerca|Pico de las Villuercas]]) rise in the ''Mesopotamia extremeña''. Other notable ranges include the [[Sierra de Montánchez]] and the [[Sierra de San Pedro]], part of the larger [[Montes de Toledo]] system.<ref>[http://www.pedroalhambra.net/fotografia/pico-villuercas-y-relieve-apalachense/ Pico la Villuerca] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216082427/http://www.pedroalhambra.net/fotografia/pico-villuercas-y-relieve-apalachense/ |date=2013-12-16 }}</ref>

The [[Sierra Morena]]—the limit between Extremadura and [[Andalusia]]—and the [[Sierra de Tentudía]] (topping at {{convert|1104|m|abbr=on}} on the [[Pico Tentudía]]) rise in the south.

There are four different [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] basins:
* The [[Tagus Basin|basin]] of the [[Tagus]] ({{langx|es|Tajo}}), with two principal tributaries: on the right, the [[Tiétar River|Tiétar]] and the [[Alagón River|Alagón]]; and on the left, the [[Almonte (river)|Almonte]], [[Ibor]], [[Salor]] and the [[Tagus River|Sever]]. The tributaries on the right edge carry a large quantity of water, which feed the gorges of the [[Sistema Central]] where the rainfall is abundant and the winter brings a great quantity of snow.
* The basin of the [[Guadiana]], which has principal tributaries: 
* The basin of the [[Guadalquivir]] with only {{convert|1411|km2|abbr=on}} in Extremadura (2.45% of total).
* The basin of the [[Douro]] ({{langx|es|Duero}}) with only {{convert|35|km2|abbr=on}} in Extremadura (0.04% of its basin).

===Climate===
The climate of Extremadura is predominantly [[hot-summer Mediterranean]] (''Csa'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with some regions being [[Semi-arid climate|cold semi-arid]] (''BSk'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolucion de los climas de Köppen en España en el periodo 1951-2020 |url=https://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/NT_37_AEMET/NT_37_AEMET.pdf |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia]]}}</ref> Extremadura generally presents average annual temperatures somewhat warmer than most of the hinterland of the Iberian Peninsula, featuring nonetheless a north–south gradient.{{Sfn|Pulido|Sanz|Abel|Ezquerra|2007|p=103}} Annual thermal amplitude generally ranges from 16 to 19&nbsp;°C.{{Sfn|Pulido|Sanz|Abel|Ezquerra|2007|p=103}} Average annual precipitation stands at around 600&nbsp;mm.{{Sfn|Pulido|Sanz|Abel|Ezquerra|2007|pp=103–104}} Parts of the Sistema Central presents more than 1,500&nbsp;mm while it barely rains 400&nbsp;mm in parts of the province of Badajoz.{{Sfn|Pulido|Sanz|Abel|Ezquerra|2007|pp=103–104}} Summers are very hot and dry, with the rain concentrated in the cold months instead, leading to a high degree of [[water stress]] during the summer months.{{Sfn|Pulido|Sanz|Abel|Ezquerra|2007|pp=104}}

==History==
[[File:Merida Roman Theatre1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Mérida, Spain|Archaeological Roman Ensemble]] in Mérida (''[[Augusta Emerita|Emerita Augusta]]''), capital of the Roman province of [[Lusitania|Hispania Lusitana]].]]

During the time of the [[Roman Empire]], the area that is known today as Autonomous Community of Extremadura was part of [[Lusitania]], a Roman province that included most of current day Portugal (except for the northern area today known as [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte Region]]) and the central western portion of the current day Spain. [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] (now capital of Extremadura) became the capital of the Roman province of Lusitania, and one of the most important cities in the [[Roman Empire]].

Like the bulk of the Iberian Peninsula, the territory [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania|was conquered by the Umayyads in the early 8th century]]. As part of the [[Emirate of Córdoba|Emirate]] and later [[Caliphate of Córdoba]], it largely constituted a territorial subdivision (''[[Kura (al-Andalus)|kūra]]'') of the former polities centered on Mérida. Following the collapse of the Caliphate in the early 11th century during the so-called [[Fitna of al-Andalus]] and its ensuing fragmentation into ephemeral statelets ([[taifa]]s), the bulk of the territory of current day Extremadura became part of the (First) [[Taifa of Badajoz]] (''Baṭalyaws''), centered around the namesake city and founded by [[Sabur al-Saqlabi|Sapur]], a [[saqaliba]] previously [[freedman|freed]] by [[Al-Hakam II]].{{Sfn|Domené Sánchez|2009|p=102}}
[[File:Toro de Plasencia.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|The bull of Plasencia in the ''[[Cantigas de Santa Maria]]''.]]
Conversely, the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of León|León]], [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]] and [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] (most notably the first one) made advances in the 11th and 12th centuries across the territory (with for example the successive Leonese conquests of [[Coria, Cáceres|Coria]] in 1079{{Sfn|García Fitz|2002|p=47}} and 1142,{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|Montaña Conchiña|2000|p=14}} the Portuguese attempts at expanding across the [[Guadiana]] basin in the second half of the 12th century,{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|Montaña Conchiña|2000|p=18}} or the Castilian founding of [[Plasencia]] in 1186){{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|Montaña Conchiña|2000|p=20}} not free from setbacks either caused by the [[Almoravid]] and [[Almohad]] impetus, which also entailed the demise of the first and second taifa of Badajoz in 1094 and 1150,{{Sfn|Domené Sánchez|2009|p=103}} respectively. In the Almohad case, their 1174 offensive removed Leonese control from every fortress south of the [[Tagus]] (including [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]]).{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|Montaña Conchiña|2000|p=19}} After the Almohad disaster at the 1212 [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]], the remaining part of current-day Extremadura under Muslim control fell to the troops led by [[Alfonso IX of León]]—[[Alcántara, Spain|Alcántara]] (1214),{{sfn|Villarroel Escalante|2008|p=1257}} Cáceres (1227–1229),{{sfn|Bullón de Mendoza|2001|p=46}} Mérida (1230),{{Sfn|Porrinas González|2018|p=651}} [[Badajoz]] (1230){{Sfn|Domené Sánchez|2009|p=101}}—and later to the military orders of [[Order of Santiago|Santiago]] and [[Order of Alcántara|Alcántara]]—[[Trujillo, Spain|Trujillo]] (1232),{{sfn|Pino García|1985|p=381}} [[Medellín, Spain|Medellín]] (1234){{sfn|Díaz Gil|2010|p=211}}—on behalf of [[Ferdinand III of Castile]]. The last fortresses in the Lower Extremadura were conquered by Christians by 1248.{{Sfn|Clemente Ramos|Montaña Conchiña|2000|p=27}}

By the late Middle Ages, the territory of the current-day region consisted of mayorazgos of the military orders of [[Order of Santiago|Santiago]] and [[Order of Alcántara|Alcántara]] (about half the territory), nobiliary lordships (about a quarter of the territory) and royal demesne towns (the other quarter of the territory).{{Sfn|Ladero Quesada|1992|p=238}}

In between the 15th and 16th centuries, the concept of the Leonese and Castilian ''extremaduras'' diluted and the name eventually came to refer to the territory of the current-day region.{{Sfn|Ladero Quesada|1992|p=230}} The territory lacked nonetheless shared government and administration institutions.{{Sfn|Ladero Quesada|1992|p=239}}

In between 1570 and 1572, the Crown forcibly relocated about 11,000 ''[[morisco]]s'' into the territory as part of the deportation of Granadans that followed the defeat of the [[Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568–1571)|Alpujarras revolt]].{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|p=89}} The distribution was somewhat chaotic although some places with an already "threatening" population of old moriscos (such as [[Hornachos]], [[Magacela]] and [[Benquerencia]]) were avoided as resettlement locations for the Granadan moriscos.{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|p=93}}

Two [[generation]]s later, the [[expulsion of the moriscos]] from the region began in 1609, starting with the moriscos of Hornachos, the first expulsion in the Crown of Castile.{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|p=114}} By September 1610 about two thirds of the moriscos of Extremadura had been already expelled and by 1611 the number amounted to 12,776.{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|p=117}} Those who avoided the early orders of expulsion abided to reports of being 'good Christians' or claimed a status as 'old moriscos'.{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|p=116}} At the height of 1612, there were reports of remaining moriscos in Trujillo, Mérida and Plasencia.{{Sfn|Hernández Bermejo|Sánchez Rubio|Testón Núñez|1995|pp=117–118}}

[[File:Badajoz 16xx.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.2|17th century panorama of the city of [[Badajoz]].]]
Located in the most able path from the [[Meseta Central]] to Portugal, the territory suffered greatly due to warfare from the 1640–1668 [[Portuguese Restoration War]],{{Sfn|García Barriga|2008|p=31}} characterised not by the movement of large armies but for pillage, skirmishes, raids, and destruction of economic resources and settlements across both sides of the ''[[Portugal–Spain border|Raya]]''.{{Sfn|García Barriga|2008|p=33}} The growing role of the fortified place of Badajoz (halfway between Lisbon and Madrid), in the wake of the installment of the Captaincy General of Extremadura consolidated the clout of the military in the region.{{Sfn|Naranjo Sanguino|Roso Díaz|Ruiz Rodríguez|2013|p=25}}

By the late 18th century, the Extremaduran countryside languished, experiencing a deep crisis.{{Sfn|García Pérez|Sánchez Marroyo|1984|p=213}} There was a diminishing share of land dedicated to crops.{{Sfn|García Pérez|Sánchez Marroyo|1984|p=214}} The growing cattle sector induced the creation of yet more pastures,{{Sfn|García Pérez|Sánchez Marroyo|1984|p=214}} adding up to the structural problem stemmed from the extraordinary degree of [[concentration of land ownership]].{{Sfn|García Pérez|Sánchez Marroyo|1984|p=213}} By the end of the Ancien Régime, the clergy, municipal councils and the royal army mattered more than the lesser role of the entitled nobility.{{Sfn|Naranjo Sanguino|Roso Díaz|Ruiz Rodríguez|2013|p=25}}

Railways were developed in the second half of the 19th century. In September 1863, a passenger train arrived to Badajoz from [[Elvas]], Portugal. It was the first train in the region and the first international service in the Iberian Peninsula.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/extremadura/frontera-records-20200706002133-ntvo.html|website=[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]|title=La frontera de los récords|date=6 July 2020|first=J.R.|last=Alonso de la Torre}}</ref>{{Sfn|Blanch Sánchez|2013|p=446}} In 1866, the {{ill|Ciudad Real–Badajoz railway|es|Línea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|lt=Badajoz–Ciudad Real line}} was completed, enabling the link with Madrid.{{Sfn|Blanch Sánchez|2013|pp=448–449}} The [[Madrid–Valencia de Alcántara railway|Madrid–Valencia de Alcántara line]], a new connection passing through the province of Cáceres, was fully completed in 1881.{{Sfn|Blanch Sánchez|2013|pp=453}}

During the 1936–1939 [[Spanish Civil War]], the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Nationalist faction]] Columna Madrid advanced quickly across the province of Badajoz in August 1936 and left merciless repression and mass casualties behind.{{Sfn|Chaves Palacios|2007|pp=205–206}} Badajoz was the Spanish province where the [[Francoist repression]] comparatively took the highest relative toll of victims during the war and the immediate Post-War period; there were around 12,000 executions in the province (out of the 14,000 in the whole region), compared to around 1,600 victims of the Republican repression.{{Sfn|Chaves Palacios|2007|p=205}}

In the mid 20th century, the [[Francoist dictatorship]] pursued a policy of colonization and agrarian reform in the region to foster the economy, transforming thousands of hectares of dryland crops into irrigated lands, also favouring the erection of 63 new settlements by the [[Instituto Nacional de Colonización]] (INC).<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/ministerio/publicaciones-archivo-biblioteca/mediateca/coloniz-extremadura-abujeta_tcm30-440811.pdf|title=Los pueblos de colonización de Extremadura. Evolución y estado, medio siglo después de su construcción|first=Esther|last=Abujeta|journal=Dominación y (Neo-)extractivismo|page=71}}</ref> The second half of the 20th century saw a massive [[rural flight]] out of the region, both to the industrialised areas of Spain (already started in 1955) as well as to richer European countries (such as Germany, France and Switzerland), both of which notably intensified after 1961, in the wake of the [[Stabilization Plan|1959 Stabilization Plan]] (and in the second case also after bilateral agreements reached with destination countries).{{Sfn|Cayetano Rosado|2007|pp=1290; 1309}} The region henceforth was handed a demographic blow in the ensuing years, with the effective expulsion of nearly a 40% of the population, particularly young people.{{sfn|Cayetano Rosado|2007|p=1309}}

A pre-autonomous government entity in Extremadura (the "Junta Regional de Extremadura") with jurisdiction over the provinces of Badajoz and Cáceres was created by means of a 1978 law.{{Sfn|Chaves Palacios|2002|p=545}} The draft of the regional [[Statute of Autonomy]] began in 1980, the first step toward Extremadura becoming one of the Spanish [[autonomous communities]].{{Sfn|Chaves Palacios|2002|p=544}} The text passed its final hurdle as it was enshrined as [[Organic Law (Spain)|Organic Law]] in 1982.{{Sfn|Chaves Palacios|2002|p=545}} The [[1983 Extremaduran regional election|first election to the Assembly of Extremadura]] took place in May 1983.

== Government and administration ==
=== Autonomous ===
The [[Statute of Autonomy]] of Extremadura (enacted in 1983) is the fundamental organic law regulating the autonomous government, and it establishes the institutions through which the autonomous community exerts its powers:<ref name=estatuto>{{Smallcaps|Jefatura del Estado}}: {{Cite journal|journal=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]|issue=49|date=26 February 1983|url=http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/1983/02/26/pdfs/A05580-05586.pdf|pages=5580–5586|title=Ley 1/1983, de 25 de febrero, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura|issn=0212-033X}}</ref>
[[File:El Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|right|The hemicycle of the Assembly of Extremadura]]
* [[Assembly of Extremadura]]. The following are some of the functions conferred to the legislature: exerting legislative power in the autonomous community, the promotion and control of the Junta of Extremadura, the passing of the regional budget, the designation of senators correspondent to the autonomous community or the control of the media dependent on the regional government.<ref name=estatuto /> Its members (currently 65) are directly elected through the means of proportional representation and close party lists with an [[electoral threshold]] of 5% (the most benign between the total voting percentage and the voting percentage in a particular electoral district) in two electoral districts: [[Badajoz (Assembly of Extremadura constituency)|Badajoz]] and [[Cáceres (Assembly of Extremadura constituency)|Cáceres]], corresponding to the two provinces of the region.
* [[Junta of Extremadura]]. It is the collegiate body comprised by the regional president, the vice-president and the ministers (''consejeros'') exerting the executive and administrative functions of the regional government.<ref name=estatuto />
* [[President of the Regional Government of Extremadura|President of the Junta of Extremadura]]. The officeholder is charged with directing and coordinating the action of the Junta of Extremadura, being the highest representative of Extremadura while also holding the ordinary representation of the State in the region. The regional president is elected by the legislature from among its members, needing to command an absolute majority of votes in the first round of investiture or a simple majority of positive votes in successive rounds. The president personally selects the ministers of the Junta.<ref name=estatuto />

=== Provincial ===
The government body for each of the provinces is the [[Provincial deputation (Spain)|deputation]] (''diputación''): the [[Provincial Deputation of Badajoz]] and the [[Provincial Deputation of Cáceres]]. The members of the plenary of the deputation are indirectly elected from among the municipal councillors based on the results of the municipal elections. In turn, the plenary elects the president of the deputation from among its members.

== Economy ==
The [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) of Extremadura was 20 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 1.7% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 20,100 euros or 67% of the EU27 average in the same year. Extremadura was the community with the second lowest GDP per capita in Spain before [[Melilla]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58|title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018|website=Eurostat|date=5 March 2020|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>

Export goods (mostly consisting of food and semimanufactures) are primarily sent to the [[European Single Market|European market]], but there has been a growing share of non-EU export destinations throughout the 2010s.<ref name=caixa /> [[Balance of trade]] is generally positive.<ref name=caixa />

The unemployment rate stood at 17.3% in 2022, significantly lower than in the previous decade.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00010/default/table?lang=en|title=Unemployment rate by NUTS 2 regions |website=Eurostat|date=13 June 2024|access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
[[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|right|Iberian pigs in Extremadura]]
[[File:LA VERA.CACERES 2.010 plantacion de tabaco - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Tobacco field in La Vera]]
Wild [[Black Iberian pig]]s roam in the area and consume [[acorn]]s from [[oak]] groves. These pigs are caught and used for the cured ham dish ''[[jamón ibérico]]''. The higher the percentage of acorns eaten by the pigs, the more valuable the ham. For example, ''jamón ibérico'' from pigs whose diet consists of 90% acorns or more can be sold for more than twice as much as ham whose pigs ate on average less than 70% acorns.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} In the US, ''jamón ibérico'' directly from Extremadura, with bone, was illegal until around 2005. At that time, enough US restaurants were in demand for the delicacy that Spain decided to export it as boneless, which the [[US Department of Agriculture]]'s health codes would approve (and continue to do).{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

85 Extremaduran municipalities constitute the jurisdiction of the "Dehesa de Extremadura" [[Protected designation of origin|Protected Designation of Origin]] (PDO), which protects ''jamones'' and ''paletas'' (hind and front pig legs) originated from [[Black Iberian pig|Iberian pigs]] and mixed Iberian/[[Duroc pig|Duroc]]-Jersey pigs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/agro/201605/31/municipios-dehesa-extremadura-20160531175846.html|website=[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]|title=85 municipios en la D.O. Dehesa de extremadura|date=31 May 2016}}</ref>

As of 2021, Extremadura produces about 98% of the [[tobacco]] produced in Spain, also being the leading European producing region.<ref name=tobacco>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eleconomista.es/next-generation/noticias/11326094/07/21/Un-eslabon-imprescindible-Extremadura-produce-el-98-del-tabaco-que-se-cultiva-en-Espana.html|website=El Economista|title=Un eslabón imprescindible: Extremadura produce el 98% del tabaco que se cultiva en España|date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Tobacco production concentrates in [[La Vera]] and [[Campo Arañuelo]].<ref name=tobacco />

[[Tomato]] production (2,122,000 tonnes in 2017) primarily concentrates in the riverbanks of the Guadiana and the Alagón-Árrago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/agro/extremadura-logra-mejor-20180311002242-ntvo.html|website=[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]|title=Extremadura logra su mejor campaña de tomate al crecer un 13% en 2017|date=11 March 2018|first=Celestino J.|last=Vinagre}}</ref>

A large part of the region falls within the scope of the [[Ribera del Guadiana|Ribera del Guadiana PDO]], which is further divided in the Ribera Alta, [[Tierra de Barros]], Matanegra, Ribera Baja, Montánchez, and Cañamero wine subregions.{{Sfn|Piñero Chacón|1999|pp=201–202}} The PDO protects the [[wines]] made of several varieties of black and white grapes.{{Sfn|Piñero Chacón|1999|p=202}}

As of 2021, Extremadura is the second largest [[rice]] producing region in Spain, after Andalusia.<ref name=efeagro>{{Cite web|url=https://www.efeagro.com/noticia/sector-arroz-espana-futuro/|website=EfeAgro|publisher=[[EFE]]|date=11 May 2021|title=El sector del arroz en España teme por su futuro pese a los buenos precios}}</ref> Due to drought and high water demands from rice fields, non-irrigated rice fields have been favoured since the late 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/andalucia/economia/la-sequia-meteorologica-pasa-factura-al-algodon-y-los-herbaceos-del-suroeste/50001111-4560655|website=[[EFE]]|title=La sequía meteorológica pasa factura al algodón y los herbáceos del suroeste|date=12 June 2021}}</ref><ref name=efeagro /> Together with Murcia, Extremadura is a major producer of [[paprika]], primarily destined to the Spanish market.<ref name=qcom>{{Cite web|url=http://www.qcom.es/alimentacion/reportajes/el-pimenton--algo-muy-espanol_42952_2_50018_0_1_in.html|website=qcom|title=El pimentón, algo muy español|first=Ángel|last=Marqués Ávila|date=29 April 2021}}</ref> Peppers are grown in the {{ill|Pimentón de la Vera|es|lt="Pimentón de la Vera" PDO}}, consisting of the ''comarcas'' of La Vera, Campo Arañuelo, [[Valle del Ambroz]] and [[Valle del Alagón]].<ref name=qcom /> The PDO produced 3,860 tonnes in 2020.<ref name=qcom />

=== Energy ===
About half the value of the regional industrial production belongs to the [[energy sector]].<ref name=colonization /> Extremadura presents a huge energy surplus, producing about four times the energy it consumes.<ref name=colonization>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/energia/colonizacion-electrica-extremadura|website=[[El Salto (newspaper)|El Salto]]|title=La colonización eléctrica de Extremadura|date=14 April 2021|first=Juan|last=Viera}}</ref> This situation has led to the characterization of Extremadura as a potential "colony" of the private electricity companies, which are not taxed in the region and employ a relatively low share of the industrial workforce.<ref name=colonization /> The Tagus is dammed in the reservoirs of [[Alcántara Dam|Alcántara]], Torrejón and [[Valdecañas reservoir|Valdecañas]] whereas the Guadiana is dammed in the reservoirs of [[Cíjara Dam|Cíjara]], [[García Sola Reservoir|Puerto Peña]], Orellana and Zújar.{{Sfn|Mateos Dávila|Hernández González|1983|p=71}} Due to the orographic conditions, the Tagus is better suited for [[hydroelectric]] use than the Guadiana.{{Sfn|Mateos Dávila|Hernández González|1983|p=71}} As of 2021, the region has around 2,193.84 MW of installed hydroelectric power, primarily controlled by [[Endesa]] and [[Iberdrola]], with a lesser role of Grupo Pitarch.<ref name=colonization />

The two reactors of the [[Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant]] (which were put in operation in 1981 and 1983, respectively) are jointly operated by Endesa, Iberdrola and [[Naturgy]].<ref name=colonization /> They generate a power of 1,048.43 MW and 1,044.45 MW.<ref name=eldiario>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/economia/comunidad-colonia-electrica-produce-energia-no-deja-trabajo-impuestos_1_7322096.html|website=[[eldiario.es]]|title=Extremadura, una "colonia" eléctrica: produce mucha energía que no deja ni trabajo, ni riqueza|date=18 March 2021|author=J.L.A.}}</ref>

The region is at the forefront of Spain's plans for [[energy transition]] and a [[Low-carbon economy|decarbonisation]], thanks to the installation of large solar power plants and the granting of [[lithium]] mining licenses.<ref name=pilaverde /> Such prospects sparked criticism and concern regarding how to avoid a "third energy colonisation" after those of the construction of reservoirs for [[hydroelectric]] use and the building of [[nuclear power plant]]s.<ref name=pilaverde>{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/clima-y-medio-ambiente/2021-05-29/extremadura-la-pila-verde-de-espana.html?ssm=TW_CC|website=[[El País]]|title=Extremadura, la pila verde de España|first1=Manuel |last1=Planelles|first2=Ignacio|last2=Fariza|date=30 May 2021}}</ref> Two of the largest [[photovoltaic power plant]]s in Europe are located in the region: Francisco Pizarro (590 MW) in [[Torrecillas de la Tiesa]] and Núñez de Balboa (500 MW) in [[Usagre]]; both are operated by Iberdrola, which is developing another 6 photovoltaic plants collectively amounting to 1,300 MW.<ref name=eldiario /> The first [[Concentrated solar power|solar thermal power plant]] in the region, [[Alvarado I]], (50 MW) opened in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lacronicadebadajoz.elperiodicoextremadura.com/la-cronica-de-badajoz/2009/07/28/primera-termosolar-region-funciona-alvarado-45155426.html|website=La Crónica de Badajoz|title=La primera termosolar de la región funciona en Alvarado con 50 megavatios de potencia|publisher=[[El Periódico Extremadura]]|date=28 July 2009}}</ref>

A project to build a lithium-ion battery factory participated by [[Envision Energy|Envision]] in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] was announced in June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cope.es/emisoras/extremadura/caceres-provincia/caceres/noticias/oficial-habra-gigafactoria-baterias-litio-navalmoral-mata-20220603_2121302|title=Ya es oficial: habrá gigafactoría de baterías de litio en Navalmoral de la Mata|date=3 June 2022}}</ref>

==Population==
As of January 1, 2012, the population of Extremadura is 1,109,367 inhabitants, representing 2.36% of the Spanish population (46,745,807).

The population density is very low—{{convert|25|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}—compared to Spain as a whole.

The urban network is dominated by three municipalities between 50,000 and 200,000 inhabitants ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]] and [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]]), followed by [[Plasencia]], the [[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]] conurbation and [[Almendralejo]].<ref name=caixa>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixabankresearch.com/sites/default/files/content/file/2019/03/64906_extremadura_cast_definitiu.pdf|page=19; 42–44|title= La economía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura: diagnóstico estratégico|year=2019|publisher=[[Caixabank]]}}</ref> Other municipalities with a population above 10,000 inhabitants include [[Zafra]], [[Montijo, Spain|Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] and [[Coria, Cáceres|Coria]].<ref name=caixa />

The most populous province is that of [[Badajoz (province)|Badajoz]], with a population of 691,715 and a population density of {{convert|31.78|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}. With an area of {{convert|21766|km2|abbr=on}}, it is the largest province in Spain. 413,766 people live in the [[province of Cáceres]] at a density of {{convert|20.83|/km2|/sqmi|abbr=on}}, having an area of {{convert|19,868|km2|abbr=on}}, making it the largest province in Spain after Badajoz.
{{Largest cities
| country = Extremadura
| stat_ref = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]] (1 January 2020)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Economy (Spain)|Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital]]|url=https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/11/all|title=Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| kind        = municipalities
| div_name =
| div_link = Provinces of Spain{{!}}Province
| city_1 = Badajoz
| div_1 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_1 = 150,984
| img_1 = Vista de Badajoz desde la Torre Espantaperros.jpg
| city_2 = Cáceres, Spain{{!}}Cáceres
| div_2 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_2 = 96,255
| img_2 = Cáceres panorámica - panoramio (cropped).jpg
| city_3 = Mérida, Spain{{!}}Mérida
| div_3 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_3 = 59,548
| img_3 = Mérida HDR (2505815126).jpg
| city_4 = Plasencia
| div_4 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_4 = 39,860
| img_4 = Plasencia-view-1.jpg
| city_5 = Don Benito
| div_5 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_5 = 37,284
| img_5 = 
| city_6 = Almendralejo
| div_6 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_6 = 33,855
| img_6 = 
| city_7 = Villanueva de la Serena
| div_7 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_7 = 25,752
| img_7 = 
| city_8 = Navalmoral de la Mata
| div_8 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_8 = 17,163
| img_8 = 
| city_9 = Zafra
| div_9 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_9 = 16,810
| img_9 = 
| city_10 = Montijo, Spain{{!}}Montijo
| div_10 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_10 = 15,504
| img_10 = 
| city_11 = Villafranca de los Barros
| div_11 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_11 = 12,673
| city_12 = Coria, Cáceres{{!}}Coria
| div_12 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_12 = 12,366	
| city_13 = Olivenza
| div_13 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_13 = 11,912
| city_14 = Miajadas
| div_14 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_14 = 9,527
| city_15 = Jerez de los Caballeros
| div_15 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_15 = 9,196
| city_16 = Trujillo, Cáceres{{!}}Trujillo
| div_16 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_16 = 8,912
| city_17 = Los Santos de Maimona
| div_17 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_17 = 8,075
| city_18 = Azuaga
| div_18 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_18 = 7,747
| city_19 = Talayuela
| div_19 = Province of Cáceres{{!}}Cáceres
| pop_19 = 7,395
| city_20 = Guareña
| div_20 = Province of Badajoz{{!}}Badajoz
| pop_20 = 6,888
}}

=== Foreign ===
{|class="wikitable floatright" style="margin:1em auto;"
|+Foreign population by country of citizenship (2022)<ref name="ineextranjeros">{{Cite web |year=2020 |title=Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Datos.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px |access-date=29 April 2025 |publisher=[[INE (Spain)|INE]]}}</ref>
! Nationality || Population
|-
| {{Flag|Romania}} || align = right | 7,690
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}} || align = right | 7,336
|-
| {{Flag|Portugal}} || align = right | 2,996
|-
| {{Flag|Colombia}}|| align="right" | 1,774
|-
| {{Flag|China}}|| align="right" | 1,648
|-
| {{Flag|Brazil}} || align = right | 1,404
|-
| {{Flag|Nicaragua}}|| align="right" | 1,177
|-
| {{Flag|Honduras}}|| align="right" | 1,145
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}}|| align="right" | 939
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}}|| align="right" | 602
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}} || align = right | 555
|-
| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| align="right" | 507
|-
| {{Flag|Argentina}}|| align="right" | 502
|-
| {{Flag|France}}|| align="right" | 408
|}
As of 2022, the largest foreign community is that of Romanian nationals with 7,690 people, followed by Moroccans with 7,336. Portuguese account for 2,996, Colombians for 1,774 and Chinese make up 1,648. The region had a foreign population of 35,138.<ref name=ineextranjeros />

===Historical===
{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Source: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|1877| 739403
|1887| 821301
|1900| 882410
|1910| 991355
|1920| 1064318
|1930| 1153145
|1940| 1258055
|1950| 1366780
|1960| 1406329
|1970| 1169396
|1981| 1064976
|1991| 1061852
|2001| 1058503
|2011| 1104499
|2021| 1061636
}}
The Extremaduran population, according to the 1591 census of the provinces of the [[Kingdom of Castile]], was around 540,000 people, making up 8% of the total population of Spain. No other census was performed until 1717, when 326,358 people were counted as living in Extremadura.

From this period, the population grew steadily until the 1960s (1,379,072 people in 1960).<ref>[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]. Censo 1960. Tomo III. Volúmenes provinciales.</ref> After 1960, emigration to more prosperous regions of Spain and Europe drained the population.

==Administrative divisions==
Extremadura is divided into 383 municipalities. 164 are part of the [[Province of Badajoz]] and the other 219 are part of the [[Province of Cáceres]].

* [[List of municipalities in Badajoz]]
* [[List of municipalities in Cáceres]]

There are also traditional [[Comarcas of Spain|comarcas]] in Extremadura, like [[Las Villuercas]] and [[Las Hurdes]], but these do not have much official recognition.

==Languages==
The only official language is Spanish (whose local dialects are collectively called [[Castúo]]), but other languages and dialects are also spoken. The [[Fala language|Fala]], a [[Galician-Portuguese]] language, is a specially protected language and is spoken in the valley of [[Jálama]]. The [[Extremaduran language]], the collective name for a group of vernacular dialects related to [[Leonese language|Leonese]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20130213053710/http://www.unesco.es/ Unesco.es]</ref> is endangered. Local variants of [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] are native to [[Cedillo]] and [[Herrera de Alcántara]].<ref>Maria da Conceição Vilhena. ''Hablas de Herrera y Cedillo''.</ref> Portuguese has also been accounted to be spoken as well by some people (mainly those born before the 1940s<ref>Manuel J. Sánchez Fernández: "[https://www.yumpu.com/es/document/view/12961524/apuntes-para-la-descripcion-del-espanol-hablado-en-olivenza-88-kb Apuntes para la descripción del español hablado en Olivenza]", Revista de Extremadura, 23, 1997, page 110</ref>) in [[Olivenza]].

Reported phonological distinctive features of the Spanish dialectal variants spoken in the region include instances of {{lang|es|[[seseo]]}} (in some areas of the province of Badajoz), loss of [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocalic]] /d/, j and word-initial h [[Aspirated consonant|aspiration]], r → l substitution, and {{lang|es|[[yeísmo]]}}.{{Sfn|González Salgado|2014|p=1157}}

==Sports==
* In football:
** [[Extremadura UD]]
** [[Extremadura Femenino CF]], also known as CF Puebla Extremadura, the women's team
** [[CF Extremadura]], founded in 1924 but folded in 2010
** [[AD Mérida]]
** [[CD Badajoz]]
** [[CD Don Benito]]

<!--
==Notable people==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2015}}
{{multiple image
 | width = 170
 | image1 = Retrato de Hernán Cortés.jpg
 | image2 = Portrait of Francisco Pizarro.jpg
 | footer = Explorers [[Hernán Cortés]] and [[Francisco Pizarro]]
}}

===Explorers===
Several Spanish [[conquistador]]s hailed from Extremadura, including [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]], the first European to lead an expedition to reach the [[Pacific Ocean]] from America; [[Hernando de Soto]] the first European to lead an expedition to the territory of the modern-day [[United States]]; [[Hernán Cortés]] and [[Francisco Pizarro]], who conquered the [[Aztec Empire|Aztec]] and [[Inca Empire|Inca]] empires respectively; [[Francisco de Orellana]], who explored the length of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], the first [[governor of Chile]]; and [[Sebastián Vizcaíno]], who was a Spanish soldier, entrepreneur in the Philippines, explorer of the [[The Californias|Californias]], and diplomat in Japan.

=== Politicians ===
* [[José de Carvajal y Lancáster]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)|First Secretary of State]] under [[Ferdinand VI of Spain|Ferdinand VI]] between 1746 and 1754)
* [[Manuel Godoy]] (twice First Secretary of State under [[Charles IV of Spain|Charles IV]], between 1782 and 1798, and between 1801 and 1808)

=== Artists ===
* [[Luis de Morales]] (1512)
* [[Francisco de Zurbarán]] (1598)
* {{interlanguage link|Juan Barjola|es}} (1919)
* [[Eduardo Naranjo]] (1944)

[[File:Benito Arias Montano, Museo Plantin-Moretus.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Benito Arias Montano]]]]

=== Writers and poets ===
[[File:José de Espronceda (detalle).jpg|thumb|150px|''[[El escritor José de Espronceda]]'', [[portrait]] by [[Antonio María Esquivel]] ({{circa|1845}}) ([[Museo del Prado]], [[Madrid]])<ref>{{cite web |title=El escritor José de Espronceda |url=https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/jose-de-espronceda/e97beaab-f0a3-4f73-8302-1c8185110410 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |work=[[Museo del Prado]] |location=Madrid |language=es}}</ref>]]
[[File:Carolina Coronado, por Federico de Madrazo.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Carolina Coronado]]]]
[[File:José-María-Gabriel-y-Galán.jpg|thumb|150px|[[José María Gabriel y Galán]]]]
* {{interlanguage link|Gregorio López de Tovar|es}} (writer, 1496)
* [[Benito Arias Montano]] (philosopher and writer, 1527)
* [[José de Espronceda]] (romantic poet, 1808)
* [[Juan Donoso Cortés]] (writer, 1809)
* [[Carolina Coronado]] (romantic poet, 1821)
* [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] (poet, 1870)
* [[Mario Roso de Luna]] (philosopher, astronomer and writer, 1874)
* [[Luis Chamizo Trigueros]] (poet, 1894)
* [[Jesús Delgado Valhondo]] (poet, 1909)
* [[Dulce Chacón]] (poet, 1954)
* [[Elisa Herrero Uceda]] (writer, 1957)
* [[Miguel Herrero Uceda]] (writer, 1964)
* [[Jorge Camacho (writer)|Jorge Camacho]] (poet, 1966)

===Scientists===
* [[José Antonio Pavón Jiménez]] (botanist known for researching the flora of Peru and Chile, 1754)
* [[Mario Roso de Luna]] (philosopher, astronomer and writer, 1874)
* [[Francisco Elías de Tejada y Spínola]] (philosopher, law & politics theorist)
* [[Emilio Santos Corchero]] (theoretical physicist)

===Sports===
* [[José Calderón (basketball)|José Calderón]] ([[basketball]] player, [[2006 FIBA World Championship]] winner)
* [[Manuel Piñero]] ([[golf]]er, member of the successful European [[1985 Ryder Cup]] team)
* [[Enrique Tornero Hernández]] ([[Swimming (sport)|swimmer]], gold medalist at the [[Swimming at the 1996 Summer Paralympics|1996 Summer Paralympics]])

====Football====
* [[Adelardo Rodríguez|Adelardo]] (14 appearances for [[Spain national football team|Spain]] between 1962 and 1970)
* [[Rafael Gordillo]] (75 appearances for Spain between 1978 and 1988)
* [[Roberto Marina]] (1 appearance for Spain in 1985)
* [[Manolo (footballer, born 1965)|Manolo]] (28 appearances for Spain between 1988 and 1992)
* [[Ernesto Valverde]] (1 appearance for Spain in 1990, [[Manager (association football)|manager]] of [[FC Barcelona]] between 2017 and 2020)
* [[Ángel Cuéllar]] (2 appearances for Spain between 1994 and 1995)
* [[Fernando Morientes]] (47 appearances for Spain between 1998 and 2007, three-time [[UEFA Champions League]] winner)
* [[Ito (footballer, born 1975)|Ito]] (1 appearance for Spain in 1998)
* [[César Sánchez]] (1 appearance for Spain in 2000, UEFA Champions League winner)
* [[Yannel Correa]] (3 appearances for [[Uruguay women's national football team|Uruguay]] in 2019)
* [[Pedro Porro]] (1 appearance for Spain in 2021)

===Musicians and TV===
Extremadura has produced many musicians, including: [[Cristóbal Oudrid]] (pianist and composer), [[Rosa Morena]] (singer), [[Soraya Arnelas]] (singer), {{interlanguage link|Luis Pastor|es}} (singer), [[Roberto Iniesta]] (singer of rock band [[Extremoduro]]), [[Pablo Guerrero]], [[Bebe (entertainer)|Bebe]] (singer), [[Alberto Porro Carmona|Al Carmona]] (conductor), [[Esteban Sánchez]] (pianist), [[Gecko Turner]] (singer).

TV personalities include: [[Isabel Gemio]], {{interlanguage link|Agustín Bravo|es}}, [[Raquel Sánchez-Silva]] and [[Berta Collado]].
-->

==See also==
* [[Extremaduran cuisine]]
* [[Extremadura (Vino de la Tierra)]]
* [[List of presidents of the Extremaduran Assembly]]
* [[New Extremadura]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
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==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Extremadura%2C+Spain Extremadura, Spain - Google Maps]
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Estremadura |volume=9 |pages=801–802 |short=x}}
* [https://www.histclo.com/country/spa/reg/reg/sr-ext.html Spanish regions: Extremadura traditional clothing]

{{Administrative divisions of Spain}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Extremadura| ]]
[[Category:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1983]]
[[Category:Autonomous communities of Spain]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Spain]]