Editing Euryalus

{{Short description|Disambiguation article}}
{{for|British Royal Navy ships|HMS Euryalus}}
{{redirect|Euryalos|the asteroid|4007 Euryalos}}
'''Euryalus''' ({{IPAc-en|j|ʊəˈr|aɪ|.|əl|ə|s}}; {{langx|grc|Εὐρύαλος|Eurýalos|broad}}) refers to the [[Euryalus fortress]], the main citadel of [[Ancient Syracuse]], and to several different characters from [[Greek mythology]] and classical literature:

==Classical mythology==
*Euryalus, named on sixth and fifth century BC pottery as being one of the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]] who fought the [[Olympian gods]] in the [[Gigantomachy]].<ref>Arafat, K. W., ''Classical Zeus: A Study in Art and Literature'', Clarendon Press, Oxford 1990. {{ISBN|0-19-814912-3}}, pp.16, 183, 184; Akropolis 2.211 (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/456B29EA-83E7-41ED-B485-FDF976EBAEF8 200125]; ''LIMC'' [http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Gigantes+299%22&modus=2 Gigantes 299]); British Museum E 47 (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/71F3F36F-5E49-4DFB-95BF-F39B81A8AC1B 203256]; ''LIMC'' [http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Gigantes+301%22&modus=2 Gigantes 301]).</ref>
*Euryalus, a suitor of [[Hippodamia (daughter of Oenomaus)|Hippodamia]] who, like all the suitors before [[Pelops]], was killed by [[Oenomaus]].<ref name=":0">[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], 6.21.10; [[Scholia]] on [[Pindar]], ''Olympian Odes'' 1.27</ref>
*Euryalus, one of the eight sons of [[Melas (mythology)|Melas]], who plotted against their uncle [[Oeneus]] and were slain by [[Tydeus]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Euryalus 1.8.5]</ref>
* Euryalus, the [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argive]] son of [[Mecisteus]]<ref name="1.9.16">Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.9.16&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:boo=0:chapter=0&highlight=Euryalus 1.9.16]</ref> and [[Astyoche]]<ref>[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]], ''Homeric Allegories'' Prologue, 562</ref> and one of the [[Argonauts]].<ref name="1.9.16"/> He attacked the city of [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] as one of the [[Epigoni]], who took the city and avenged the deaths of their fathers, who had also attempted to invade Thebes. In [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', he fought in the [[Trojan War]], where he was brother-in-arms of [[Diomedes]], and one of the Greeks to enter the [[Trojan Horse]]. He lost the boxing match to [[Epeius]] at the funeral games for [[Patroclus]].<ref name="dictionary">{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Classical Mythology|publisher=Penguin|year=1990|isbn=978-0-14-051235-9|location=London|page=147}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
  | last = Homer
  |author2=Trans. Stanley Lombardo
  | title = Iliad
  | publisher = Hackett
  | year = 1997
  | url = https://archive.org/details/iliad00home_1
  | url-access = registration
  | isbn = 978-0-87220-352-5}} 23.704-719.</ref> He is mentioned by [[Fabulae|Hyginus]], who gives his parents as Pallas and [[Diomede]].<ref>[[Hyginus (Fabulae)|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#97 97]</ref>
*Euryalus (or Agrolas), brother and fellow builder of [[Hyperbius]] the [[Athens|Athenian]].<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Naturalis Historia]]'' 7.57</ref>
*Euryalus was the name of a son of [[Euippe (daughter of Tyrimmas)|Euippe]] and [[Odysseus]], who was mistakenly slain by his father for plotting against his father.<ref>[[Sophocles]], ''Euryalus'' as cited in [[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], [https://topostext.org/work/550#3 3]</ref>
*[[Euryalus (Phaeacian)|Euryalus]], son of [[Naubolus (mythology)|Naubolus]], one of the [[Phaeacians]] encountered by Odysseus in the ''[[Odyssey]]''.<ref>Butcher, SH and Lang, A: ''The Odyssey of Homer'', Project Gutenberg</ref>
*Euryalus, one of the [[Suitors of Penelope|Suitors]] of [[Penelope]] who came from [[Dulichium]] along with other 56 wooers.<ref>Apollodorus, E.7.26–27</ref> Euryalus, with the other suitors, was slain by [[Odysseus]] with the aid of [[Eumaeus]], [[Philoetius (Odyssey)|Philoetius]], and [[Telemachus]].<ref name=":12">Apollodorus, E.7.33</ref>
* Euryalus, also one of the Suitors of Penelope from [[Zakynthos|Zacynthus]] with other 43  wooers.<ref>Apollodorus, E.7.30</ref> He suffered the same fate as his above namesake.<ref name=":12" />
*In the ''[[Aeneid]]'' by [[Virgil]], [[Nisus and Euryalus]] are ideal friends and lovers,<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' 5.294</ref> who died during a raid on the [[Rutuli]]ans.<ref name="dictionary" /><ref>Virgil. ''Aeneid'' 9.179-431</ref>
*Euryalus, a surname of [[Apollo]].<ref>[[Hesychius of Alexandria]] s.v. ''Euryalos''</ref>

==Other uses==
*''[[Hyalophora euryalus]]'', the ceanothus silkmoth, a species of moth of the family Saturniidae
*''[[Protambulyx euryalus]]'', a species of moth of the family Sphingidae

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus]], ''Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus'' translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|978-0198145318|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
* Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.  [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Pliny the Elder]], ''The Natural History.'' John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Pliny the Elder, ''Naturalis Historia.'' Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff. Lipsiae. Teubner. 1906. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0138 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[Virgil|Publius Vergilius Maro]], ''Aeneid.'' Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Publius Vergilius Maro, ''Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics''. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0055 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes, John]], ''Allegories of the Iliad'' translated by Goldwyn, Adam J. and Kokkini, Dimitra. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library, Harvard University Press, 2015. {{ISBN|978-0-674-96785-4}}

{{Greek mythology index}}

[[Category:Argonauts]]
[[Category:Epigoni]]
[[Category:Achaean Leaders]]
[[Category:Suitors of Penelope]]
[[Category:Children of Odysseus]]
[[Category:Characters in the Aeneid]]
[[Category:Characters in the Odyssey]]
[[Category:Mythological Aetolians]]
[[Category:Mythological Argives]]
[[Category:Phaeacians]]