Editing European Capital of Culture

{{Short description|Cities recognized by the European Union as culturally significant for Europe}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[File:European_Capital_of_Culture.svg|right|thumb|The logo used by European Commission for European Capital of Culture]]
[[File:Altes Rathaus und Siegertsches Haus am Marktplatz in Chemnitz, 2015.jpg|right|thumb|[[Chemnitz]] (Germany), European Capital of Culture for 2025]]
[[File:Nova Gorica 0720069 71 retouched.jpg|right|thumb|[[Nova Gorica]] (Slovenia)-[[Gorizia]] (Italy), European Capital of Culture for 2025]]
A '''European Capital of Culture''' is a city designated by the [[European Union]] (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension. Being a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for a city to generate considerable cultural, social, and economic benefits, and it can help foster [[urban renewal|urban regeneration]], change the city's image, and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale. Multiple cities can be a European Capital of Culture simultaneously.

In 1985, [[Melina Mercouri]], [[Greece]]'s [[Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)|Minister of Culture]], and her [[France|French]] [[Ministry of Culture (France)|counterpart]] [[Jack Lang (French politician)|Jack Lang]] came up with the idea of designating an annual City of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values.

The [[European Commission|Commission of the European Union]] manages the title, and each year the [[Council of the European Union|Council of Ministers of the European Union]] formally designates European Capitals of Culture: more than 60 cities have been designated so far. The current European Capitals of Culture for 2025 are [[Nova Gorica]] in [[Slovenia]] with [[Gorizia]] in [[Italy]], and [[Chemnitz]] in [[Germany]].

== Selection process ==
An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union.

For two of the capitals each year, eligibility is open to cities in EU member states only. From 2021 and every three years thereafter, a third capital will be chosen from cities in countries that are candidates or potential candidates for membership, or in countries that are part of the [[European Economic Area]] (EEA)<ref>{{cite web |title=Decision No 445/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0445&from=EN |date=3 May 2014 |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=21 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221010255/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0445&from=EN |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/capitals-culture-candidates-guide_en.pdf |title=European Capitals of Culture 2020 to 2033 — A guide for cities preparing to bid |publisher=European Commission |access-date=24 November 2017 |archive-date=3 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603064047/https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/sites/creative-europe/files/capitals-culture-candidates-guide_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>– an example of the latter being [[Stavanger]], [[Norway]], which was a European Capital of Culture in 2008.

A 2004 study conducted for the Commission, known as the "Palmer report", demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for cultural development and the transformation of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Robert |title=European Cities and Capitals of Culture |url=http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/documents/ecoc/cap-part1_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405174502/http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/documents/ecoc/cap-part1_en.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2015 |website=ec.europa.eu}}
Study prepared for the European Commission</ref> Consequently, the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities.

Bids from five [[United Kingdom]] cities to be the 2023 Capital of Culture were disqualified in November 2017, because the UK was planning to [[Brexit|leave the EU]] before 2023.<ref name="BBC-42095477">{{cite web|title=Brexit blow to UK 2023 culture crown bids|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477|website=[[BBC News]]|access-date=23 November 2017|date=23 November 2017|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326214722/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-42095477|url-status=live}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Melina Mercouri (1985).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Melina Mercouri]]]]
The European Capital of Culture programme was initially called the European City of Culture and was conceived in 1983, by [[Melina Mercouri]], then serving as minister of culture in [[Greece]]. Mercouri believed that at the time, culture was not given the same attention as politics and economics and a project for promoting European cultures within the member states should be pursued. 

The European City of Culture programme was launched in the summer of 1985 with [[Athens]] being the first title-holder.<ref>Kiran Klaus Patel, ed., The Cultural Politics of Europe: European Capitals of Culture and European Union since the 1980s (London: Routledge, 2013)</ref> In 1999, the European City of Culture program was renamed to European Capital of Culture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History – UNeECC|url=https://uneecc.org/european-capitals-of-culture/history/|access-date=2021-02-25|language=en-US|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717134431/https://uneecc.org/european-capitals-of-culture/history/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== List of European Capitals of Culture ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Year !! City !! Country !! Notes/Links !! Candidate cities
|-
|-
| 1985 || [[Athens]] || {{Flag|Greece}} ||
|-
| 1986 || [[Florence]] || {{Flag|Italy}} ||
|-
| 1987 || [[Amsterdam]] || {{Flag|Netherlands}} ||
|-
| 1988 || [[West Berlin]] || {{Flag|West Berlin}}  || City under Western Allied occupation until 1990; territory was claimed by the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]. The name "European City of Culture" was used instead of "Capital" in order to not provoke the [[East German]] government.<ref>{{Cite periodical |author=Janet Merkel |date=5 December 2016 |url=https://chmcc.hypotheses.org/2474|title=From a divided city to a capital city: Berlin's cultural policy frameworks between 1945 and 2015 |periodical=Politiques de la culture |doi=10.58079/mreh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tanzimaugust.de/en/30years/berlin-european-capital-of-culture-in-1988|title=Tanz im August &#124; International Festival Berlin &#124; Berlin - European Capital of Culture 1988|website=www.tanzimaugust.de}}</ref>
|-
| 1989 || [[Paris]] || {{Flag|France}} ||
|-
| 1990 || [[Glasgow]] || {{nowrap|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}}} ||[[Glasgow Garden Festival]]
|-
| 1991 || [[Dublin]] || {{Flag|Ireland}} ||
|-
| 1992 || [[Madrid]] || {{Flag|Spain}} ||
|-
| 1993 || [[Antwerp]] || {{Flag|Belgium}}||
|-
| 1994 || [[Lisbon]] || {{Flag|Portugal}} ||
|-
| 1995 || [[Luxembourg City]] || {{Flag|Luxembourg}} ||
|-
| 1996 || [[Copenhagen]] || {{Flag|Denmark}} ||
|-
| 1997 || [[Thessaloniki]] || {{Flag|Greece}} ||
|-
| 1998 || [[Stockholm]] || {{Flag|Sweden}}||
|-
| 1999 || [[Weimar]] || {{Flag|Germany}} ||
|-
| rowspan=9| 2000 || [[Avignon]] || {{Flag|France}}|| rowspan=9| The year 2000 was called the millennium year and treated in a special way, in order to emphasize the enduring heritage and contribution of European cities to world culture and civilization. Because of that, nine locations were chosen, including two cities of states that were to join the EU on 1 May 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Association of European Cities of Culture of the Year 2000 – KRAKOW THE OPEN CITY|url=https://www.krakow.pl/krakow_open_city/international_organisations/8370,artykul,association_of_european_cities_of_culture_of_the_year_2000.html|access-date=2021-02-25|website=krakow.pl|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301081559/https://www.krakow.pl/krakow_open_city/international_organisations/8370,artykul,association_of_european_cities_of_culture_of_the_year_2000.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bergen, Norway|Bergen]] || {{Flag|Norway}}
|-
| [[Bologna]] || {{Flag|Italy}}
|-
| [[Brussels]] || {{Flag|Belgium}}
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || {{Flag|Finland}}
|-
| [[Kraków]] || {{Flag|Poland}}
|-
| [[Prague]] || {{Flag|Czech Republic}}
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || {{Flag|Iceland}}
|-
| [[Santiago de Compostela]] || {{Flag|Spain}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2001 || [[Porto]] || {{Flag|Portugal}}||
|-
| [[Rotterdam]] || {{Flag|Netherlands}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2002 || [[Bruges]] || {{Flag|Belgium}}||
|-
| [[Salamanca]] || {{Flag|Spain}} ||
|-
| 2003 || [[Graz]] || {{Flag|Austria}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2004 || [[Genoa, Italy|Genoa]] || {{Flag|Italy}}||
|-
| [[Lille]] || {{Flag|France}}||
|-
| 2005 || [[Cork (city)|Cork]] || {{Flag|Ireland}}||[[Cork Caucus]] || [[Galway]], [[Limerick]], [[Waterford]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Galway & Cork make culture shortlist
|url=https://www.rte.ie/entertainment/2001/0910/394658-culture/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=RTÉ|date=10 September 2001 }}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || [[Patras]] || {{Flag|Greece}}||
|-
| rowspan=2|2007 || [[Luxembourg City]] || {{Flag|Luxembourg}} ||
|-
| [[Sibiu]] || {{Flag|Romania}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2008 || [[Liverpool]] || {{Flag|United Kingdom}}|| || [[Birmingham]], [[Bristol]], [[Cardiff]], [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and [[Gateshead]] (joint bid), [[Oxford]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Liverpool named European capital of culture
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/jun/04/communities.politicsandthearts1 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=The Guardian|date=4 June 2003 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Stavanger]] || {{Flag|Norway}}||
|-
| rowspan=2|2009 || [[Linz]] || {{Flag|Austria}}||[https://www.linz09.at/ Linz 2009]
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || {{Flag|Lithuania}}||
|-
| rowspan=3|2010 || [[Essen]] || {{Flag|Germany}} || Representing the whole [[Ruhr]] as [[Ruhr.2010]]. || [[Braunschweig]], [[Bremen]], [[Essen]], [[Görlitz]], [[Halle an der Saale]], [[Karlsruhe]], [[Kassel]], [[Lübeck]], [[Potsdam]], [[Regensburg]]
|-
| [[Istanbul]] || {{Flag|Turkey}} ||
|-
| [[Pécs]] || {{Flag|Hungary}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2011 || [[Tallinn]] || {{Flag|Estonia}} ||
|-
| [[Turku]] || {{Flag|Finland}}|| [https://www.turku.fi/2011 Turku 2011]
|-
| rowspan=2|2012 || [[Guimarães]] || {{Flag|Portugal}}||
|-
| [[Maribor]] || {{Flag|Slovenia}} ||
|-||
| rowspan=2|2013 || [[Košice]] || {{Flag|Slovakia}} ||
|-
| [[Marseille]] || {{Flag|France}} || [[Marseille-Provence 2013]] || [[Bordeaux]], [[Lyon]], [[Toulouse]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Marseille named Europe's culture capital for 2013
|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20080916-marseille-named-europes-culture-capital-2013-culture |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=France24|date=16 September 2008 }}</ref> 
|-
| rowspan=2|2014 || [[Riga]] || {{Flag|Latvia}} ||
|-
| [[Umeå]] || {{Flag|Sweden}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2015 || [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]] || {{Flag|Belgium}} ||
|-
| [[Plzeň]] || {{Flag|Czech Republic}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2016 || [[San Sebastián]] || {{Flag|Spain}} ||[https://dss2016.eu/ Donostia 2016] || [[Burgos]], [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], [[Segovia]], [[Zaragoza]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The European Capital of Culture in Spain in 2016 will be San Sebastián
|url=https://euroalert.net/en/news/12903/the-european-capital-of-culture-in-spain-in-2016-will-be-san-sebastian |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=euroalert.net |date=29 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
| [[Wrocław]] || {{Flag|Poland}} || || [[Gdańsk]], [[Katowice]], [[Lublin]], [[Warsaw]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Wrocław Chosen as European Capital of Culture 2016
|url=https://culture.pl/en/article/wroclaw-chosen-as-european-capital-of-culture-2016 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=culture.pl |date=28 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2017 || [[Aarhus]] || {{Flag|Denmark}} || [http://www.aarhus2017.dk/ Aarhus 2017] || [[Sønderborg]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sønderborg, Denmark: EU Capital of Culture 2017?
|url=https://avidcruiser.com/2012/03/sonderborg-eu-capital-of-culture-2017/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=The Avid Cruiser |date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| [[Paphos]] || {{Flag|Cyprus}} || [http://www.pafos2017.eu/ Pafos 2017] || [[Limassol]], [[Nicosia]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicosia and Paphos outbid Limassol for European Capital of Culture 2017 |url=https://archive.cyprus-mail.com/2011/12/22/nicosia-and-paphos-outbid-limassol-for-european-capital-of-culture-2017/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Cyprus Mail |date=22 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2018 || [[Leeuwarden]] || {{Flag|Netherlands}} || || [[Eindhoven]], [[Maastricht]], [[The Hague]], [[Utrecht]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Who What When Where Why: LF2018 |url=https://northerntimes.nl/who-what-when-where-why-lf2018/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=The Northern Times|date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Valletta]] || {{Flag|Malta}}  || [http://valletta2018.org/ Valletta 2018]
|-
| rowspan=2|2019 || [[Matera]] || {{ITA}} ||   [https://www.matera-basilicata2019.it/ Matera 2019] || [[Cagliari]], [[Lecce]], [[Perugia]], [[Ravenna]], [[Siena]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Matera to be 2019 European Capital of Culture in Italy |url=https://igcat.org/matera-to-be-2019-european-capital-of-culture-in-italy/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=International Institute of Gastronomy, Culture, Arts and Tourism|date=20 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
| [[Plovdiv]] || {{BGR}} || [http://www.plovdiv2019.eu/ Plovdiv 2019] || [[Sofia]], [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]], [[Veliko Turnovo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Four cities shortlisted for Bulgaria's European Capital of Culture 2019 |url=https://sofiaglobe.com/2013/12/12/four-cities-shortlisted-for-bulgarias-european-capital-of-culture-2019/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=The Sofia Globe |date=12 December 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2|2020 – April 2021 || [[Galway]] || {{IRL}} || [https://galway2020.ie/ Galway 2020] || [[Limerick]], The Three Sisters (joint bid [[Waterford]], [[Wexford]], [[Kilkenny]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Galway to be European Capital of Culture 2020
|url=https://visualartists.ie/galway-to-be-european-capital-of-culture-2020/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Visual Artists Ireland|date=15 July 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Rijeka]] || {{HRV}} || [http://www.rijeka2020.eu/ Rijeka 2020] || [[Dubrovnik]], [[Osijek]], [[Pula]]<ref>{{cite web |title=The Final Shortlist of European Capital of Culture Announced |url=https://council.ie/the-final-shortlist-of-european-capital-of-culture-announced/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Council Journal|date=24 November 2015}}</ref>
|- 
| rowspan=3|2022 || [[Esch-sur-Alzette]] || {{LUX}} || [http://esch2022.lu/ Esch-sur-Alzette 2022]
|- 
| [[Kaunas]] || {{LTU}} || [http://kaunas2022.eu/en/ Kaunas 2022] || [[Klaipėda]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaunas is shortlisted for the title of European Capital of Culture 2022
|url=https://en.kaunas.lt/news/kaunas-is-shortlisted-for-the-title-of-european-capital-of-culture-2022 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Kaunas City Municipal administration|date=27 June 2016 }}</ref>
|- 
| [[Novi Sad]] || {{SRB}} || [http://novisad2022.rs/en/ Novi Sad 2022] ([https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/content/coronavirus-commission-proposes-extension-2020-european-capitals-culture-and-postponement_en Coronavirus postponement])
|- 
| rowspan=3|2023<sup>1</sup> || [[Elefsina|Eleusis]] || {{Flag|Greece}} || [https://2023eleusis.eu/ Eleusis 2023] ([https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/content/coronavirus-commission-proposes-extension-2020-european-capitals-culture-and-postponement_en Coronavirus postponement]) || [[Kalamata]], [[Rhodes]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Eleusis 2023
|url=https://aisxylia.gr/eleusis-2021/?lang=en |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Aeschylia Festival| date=21 July 2021 }}</ref>
|- 
| [[Timișoara]] || {{Flag|Romania}} ||  [https://timisoara2021.ro/ Timișoara 2023] ([https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/content/coronavirus-commission-proposes-extension-2020-european-capitals-culture-and-postponement_en Coronavirus postponement]) ||  [[Baia Mare]], [[Bucharest]], [[Cluj-Napoca]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Timisoara 2021
|url=http://ecoc.poieinkaiprattein.org/european-capital-of-culture/timisoara-2021/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=European Capitals of Culture Ποιειν Και Πραττειν - create and do}}</ref>
|- 
|  [[Veszprém]] || {{HUN}} || [https://veszprembalaton2023.hu/en Veszprém 2023] || [[Debrecen]], [[Győr]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Veszprém formally named 2023 European Capital of Culture |url=https://bbj.hu/business/veszprem-formally-named-2023-european-capital-of-culture/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Budapest Business Journal |date=6 March 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2024 ||  [[Bad Ischl]] ||{{AUT}} || [https://www.salzkammergut-2024.at/ Salzkammergut 2024] || [[Dornbirn]], [[St. Pölten]]<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQs |url=https://www.salzkammergut-2024.at/en/faqs-2/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Salzkammergut 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]]<sup>2</sup> ||{{NOR}}|| [https://www.bodo2024.no/ Bodø 2024] || [[Banja Luka]], [[Mostar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bodø recommended for the European Capital of Culture 2024 title beyond the EU |url=https://culture.ec.europa.eu/news/bodo-recommended-for-the-european-capital-of-culture-2024-title-beyond-the-eu |access-date=5 November 2024 |website=European Commission|date=2 June 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Tartu]] ||{{EST}} || [http://www.tartu2024.ee/en Tartu 2024] || [[Kuressaare]], [[Narva]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tartu win not a 'unanimous' decision for European Capital of Culture 2024 |url=https://news.err.ee/974503/tartu-win-not-a-unanimous-decision-for-european-capital-of-culture-2024 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=ERR.ee|date=29 August 2019 }}</ref> 

|-bgcolor="#FFFACD"
| rowspan=2|2025 || [[Chemnitz]] || {{DEU}} || [http://www.chemnitz2025.de/ Chemnitz 2025] || [[Hannover]], [[Hildesheim]], [[Magdeburg]], [[Nuremberg]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chemnitz to be European Capital of Culture 2025
|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chemnitz-to-be-european-capital-of-culture-2025-in-germany/a-55421709 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=DW |date=28 October 2020}}</ref>
|-bgcolor="#FFFACD"
| [[Nova Gorica]]/[[Gorizia]] joint bid || {{SVN}} <br /> {{ITA}} || [https://www.go2025.eu/en/ GO! 2025] || [[Ljubljana]], [[Piran]], [[Ptuj]]<ref>{{cite web |title=GO! 2025 - European Capital of Culture Nova Gorica-Gorizia 2025
|url=https://euro-go.eu/en/programmi-e-progetti/capitale-europea-della-cultura-2025/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=GECT GO / EZTS GO}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 |2026 || [[Oulu]] || {{FIN}} || [https://www.oulu2026.eu/en/frontpage/ Oulu 2026] || [[Savonlinna]], [[Tampere]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Oulu named European Capital of Culture 2026
|url=https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/life-and-public/oulu-named-european-capital-of-culture-2026/149302 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=The Barents Observer |date=9 June 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Trenčín]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trenčín to be the European Capital of Culture 2026 in Slovakia|url=https://ec.europa.eu/culture/news/trencin-to-be-the-european-capital-of-culture-2026-in-slovakia|date=2021-12-10|access-date=2021-12-29|website=europa.eu|archive-date=29 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229093203/https://ec.europa.eu/culture/news/trencin-to-be-the-european-capital-of-culture-2026-in-slovakia|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{SVK}} ||  [https://www.trencin2026.sk/ Trenčín 2026] || [[Nitra]], [[Žilina]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2027 || [[Évora]] || {{POR}} || [http://www.evora2027.com/ Évora 2027] || [[Aveiro, Portugal|Aveiro]], [[Braga]], [[Ponta Delgada]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Évora named 2027 European Capital of Culture |url=https://www.portugalresident.com/evora-named-2027-european-capital-of-culture/ |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Portugal Resident |date=7 December 2022}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Liepāja]] || {{LVA}} || [https://www.liepaja2027.lv/eng Liepāja 2027] || [[Daugavpils]], [[Valmiera]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Liepaja is the European Capital of culture for 2027
|url=https://www.ecocnews.com/capitals/item/376-liepaja-is-the-european-capital-of-culture-for-2027 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=EcocNews.com |date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2028 || [[Bourges]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bourges to be the European Capital of Culture 2028 in France |date=13 December 2023 |url=https://culture.ec.europa.eu/news/bourges-to-be-the-european-capital-of-culture-2028-in-france|publisher=European Commission |access-date=15 December 2023}}</ref> || {{FRA}}||[https://www.bourges2028.org Bourges 2028] || [[Clermont-Ferrand]], [[Montpellier]], [[Rouen]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]]
|-
| [[České Budějovice]]<ref name="CB-CZ-winner">{{Cite web |title=České Budějovice to be the European Capital of Culture 2028 in the Czech Republic |date=30 June 2023 |url=https://culture.ec.europa.eu/news/ceske-budejovice-to-be-the-european-capital-of-culture-2028-in-the-czech-republic|publisher=European Commission |access-date=1 July 2023}}</ref> || {{CZE}} || [https://www.budejovice2028.eu/en České Budějovice 2028] || [[Broumov]], [[Brno]], [[Liberec]]
|-
| [[Skopje]]<sup>2</sup> || {{MKD}} || [https://www.skopje2028.mk/ Skopje 2028] || [[Budva]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Skopje 2028, is online the Panel's Decision |url=https://www.ecocnews.com/capitals/item/628-skopje-2028-is-online-the-panel-s-decision |work=ecocnews.com |date=31 October 2023 |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> 
|-
| rowspan=2|2029 || [[Kiruna]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kiruna becomes Europe's cultural capital: "Grateful"
 |url=https://swedenherald.com/article/kiruna-becomes-europes-capital-of-culture-2029 |language=English |work=Sweden Herald |date=6 December 2024 |access-date=7 December 2024}}</ref>  || {{SWE}} || [https://kiruna.se/2029 Kiruna 2029]
  || [[Uppsala]]<ref name="kulturradet 21-02-2024">{{Cite web |title=Kiruna och Uppsala vill bli kulturhuvudstad |url=https://www.kulturradet.se/nyheter/2024/kiruna-och-uppsala-vill-bli-kulturhuvudstad/ |language=Swedish |work=Kulturrådet |access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> 
|-
|  [[Lublin]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lublin has been awarded the title of European Capital of Culture 2029! |url=https://www.whitemad.pl/en/lublin-has-been-awarded-the-title-of-european-capital-of-culture-2029/ |work=White Mad |date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024}}</ref> || {{POL}} ||[https://lublin2029.pl/en/ Lublin 2029] || [[Bielsko-Biała]], [[Katowice]], [[Kołobrzeg]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lublin has been awarded the title of European Capital of Culture 2029! |url=https://www.whitemad.pl/en/lublin-has-been-awarded-the-title-of-european-capital-of-culture-2029/ |work=White Mad |date=25 September 2024 |access-date=1 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2030 || TBA December 2025<ref name="Cyprus 2030 shortlist">{{Cite web |title=Two cities shortlisted for the European Capital of Culture 2030 in Cyprus |url=https://culture.ec.europa.eu/news/two-cities-shortlisted-for-the-european-capital-of-culture-2030-in-cyprus |work=European Commission |access-date=28 March 2025 |date=27 February 2025}}</ref> || {{CYP}} || || Shortlisted cities:<ref name="Cyprus 2030 shortlist"/> [https://larnaka2030.eu/en/ Larnaca], [https://www.lemesos2030.com/en Limassol]<br/>Other applicants: [[Nicosia]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/10/30/the-race-is-on-three-cities-bidding-for-eu-cultural-capital-2030/ | title=The race is on: Three cities bidding for EU cultural capital 2030 | date=30 October 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| TBA September 2025<ref name="ecoc2030.be">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecoc2030.be/ |title=European Capital Of Culture 2030 Belgium |website=ECOC2030BE |access-date=25 October 2024}}</ref> || {{BEL}} || || Shortlisted cities: [https://www.leuven2030.be/ Leuven], [https://molenbeekforbrussels2030.eu/ Molenbeek], [https://namur2030.eu/en/ Namur] Other applicants: [[Bruges]], [[Ghent]], [[Kortrijk]]<ref name="ecoc2030.be"/>
|-
| [[Future enlargement of the European Union|TBA]]<sup>2</sup> autumn 2025<ref name="EU Enlargement 2030 Competition">{{cite web |url=https://culture.ec.europa.eu/policies/culture-in-cities-and-regions/designated-capitals-of-culture |title=Designated European Capitals of Culture |work=European Commission |access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> || [[Future enlargement of the European Union|TBA]] || || [https://www.lviv2030.eu/ Lviv], [[Nikšić]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ecoc 2030, in shortlist Lviv (Ukraine) and Nikšić (Montenegro) |url=https://www.ecocnews.com/news/item/746-ecoc-2030-in-shortlist-lviv-ukraine-and-niksic-montenegro }}</ref>

|-
| rowspan=2|2031 || TBA<br />bids until 25 August 2025<ref name="vca.gov.mt 07-10-2024">{{Cite web |title=CALL FOR SUBMISSION OF APPLICATIONS FOR THE UNION ACTION "EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE" FOR THE YEAR 2031 IN MALTA |url=https://www.vca.gov.mt/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/EN-ECOC-2031-Call_FINAL_07.10.24.pdf |work=vca.gov.mt |date=7 October 2024 |access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref> || {{MLT}} || || [[Birgu]], [[Victoria, Malta|Victoria]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Capital of Culture 2031 Candidates |url=https://www.vca.gov.mt/en/news/european-capital-of-culture-2031-candidates/ }}</ref>
|-
| TBA<br />bids until 31 December 2025<ref name="cultura.gob.es 27-12-2024">{{Cite web |title=El Ministerio de Cultura inicia el proceso de designación de la Capital Europea de la Cultura 2031 |url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/actualidad/2024/12/241227-capital-europea-cultura.html |work=Ministerio de Cultura |date=27 December 2024 |access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref> || {{ESP}} || || potential candidates:<ref name="ecocnews.com 21-07-2024">{{Cite web |title=Spain 2031, six cities want to be Ecoc |url=https://www.ecocnews.com/capitals/item/704-spain-2031-six-cities-want-to-be-ecoc |work=ecocnews.com |date=21 July 2024 |access-date=23 October 2024}}</ref><br /> [https://burgos2031.com/ Burgos], [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]], [[Granada]], [[Jerez de la Frontera]], [[Las Palmas]], [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]]
|-
| rowspan=2|2032 || TBA || {{BGR}} || ||
|-
| TBA || {{DEN}} || || potential candidate: [[Næstved]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vild plan: Vil gøre Næstved til europæisk kulturhovedstad |date=11 January 2022 |url=https://www.sn.dk/naestved-kommune/vild-plan-vil-goere-naestved-til-europaeisk-kulturhovedstad/ |access-date=8 February 2022 |archive-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208102643/https://www.sn.dk/naestved-kommune/vild-plan-vil-goere-naestved-til-europaeisk-kulturhovedstad/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|2033 || TBA || {{NED}} || || potential candidate: [[Heerlen]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/03/08/heerlen-wil-culturele-hoofdstad-van-europa-worden-a4158932|title=Heerlen wil culturele hoofdstad van Europa worden|first=Paul van der|last=Steen|newspaper=NRC |date=8 March 2023|via=www.nrc.nl}}</ref>
|-
| TBA || {{ITA}} || || potential candidates: [[Turin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.torinoggi.it/2021/04/19/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-11/articolo/torino-capitale-europea-della-cultura-nel-2033-il-consiglio-comunale-dice-si-alla-candidatura.html|title=Torino Capitale europea della Cultura nel 2033? Il Consiglio comunale dice "sì" alla candidatura|work=Torino Oggi|date=19 April 2021 |access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421194322/https://www.torinoggi.it/2021/04/19/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-11/articolo/torino-capitale-europea-della-cultura-nel-2033-il-consiglio-comunale-dice-si-alla-candidatura.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Pesaro]]/[[Urbino]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://progressonline.it/posts/2024-07-18-pesaro-e-urbino-insieme-per-la-candidatura-a-capitali-europee-della-cultura-2033/|title=Pesaro e Urbino insieme per la candidatura a Capitali europee della cultura 2033|work=Progress |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> [[Viterbo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://italiaeconomy.it/viterbo-candidata-a-capitale-europea-cultura-2033/|title=Viterbo candidata a Capitale Europea della Cultura 2033|work=Italia Economy |date=6 March 2024 |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Future enlargement of the European Union|TBA]]<sup>2</sup> || [[Future enlargement of the European Union|TBA]] ||
|}

<sup>1</sup> The European Capital of Culture was due to be in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] in 2023. However, due to [[Brexit|its decision to leave the European Union]], UK cities would no longer be eligible to hold the title after 2019. The European Commission's Scotland office confirmed that this would be the case on 23 November 2017, only one week before the UK was due to announce which city would be put forward.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brady |first=Jon |url=https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/brexit-destroys-dundees-hopes-european-capital-culture-2023/ |title=Brexit destroys Dundee's hopes of being European Capital of Culture in 2023 |work=Evening Telegraph |date=23 November 2017 |access-date=23 November 2017 |archive-date=23 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123120510/https://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/fp/brexit-destroys-dundees-hopes-european-capital-culture-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The candidate cities were [[Dundee]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lorimer |first=Scott |url=http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-sets-sights-on-european-capital-of-culture-bid-1.884745 |title=The latest news and sport from Dundee, Tayside and Fife |work=Evening Telegraph |access-date=25 June 2017 |archive-date=19 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619100940/http://www.eveningtelegraph.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-sets-sights-on-european-capital-of-culture-bid-1.884745 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Leeds]], [[Milton Keynes]],<ref>{{cite web |title=European Capital of Culture |publisher=Milton Keynes Council |url= http://www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/leisure-tourism-and-culture/european-capital-of-culture |website=www.milton-keynes.gov.uk |access-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606182941/http://www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/leisure-tourism-and-culture/european-capital-of-culture |archive-date=2017-06-06}}</ref> [[Nottingham]] and a joint bid from [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] cities of [[Belfast]] and [[Derry]] and the town of [[Strabane]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Meredith |first1=Robbie |title=NI councils make bid for European Capital of Culture title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-40499143 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=5 July 2017 |date=5 July 2017 |archive-date=9 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709131314/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-40499143 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<sup>2</sup> A new framework makes it possible for cities in candidate countries ([[Albania]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Moldova]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Turkey]], [[Ukraine]]), potential candidates for EU membership ([[Kosovo]]) or [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] member states ([[Iceland]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Norway]], [[Switzerland]]) to hold the title every third year as of 2021. This will be selected through an open competition, meaning that cities from various countries may compete with each other.<ref name="EU website">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=6 Feb 2021|title=European Capitals of Culture|url=https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/content/european-capitals-culture-2026-slovakia_en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302143222/https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/content/european-capitals-culture-2026-slovakia_en|archive-date=2 March 2021|access-date=6 Feb 2021|work=European Union}}</ref>

{{location map+ |European Union |float=center |width=1000 |caption=Locations of European Capitals of Culture.
Green designates current cities; red is for past cities; and blue for future cities. |places=
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=37.966667 |long=23.716667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Athens]] |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=43.783333 |long=11.250000 |label_size=75 |label=[[Florence]]|position=right}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=52.373056 |long= 4.892222 |label_size=75 |label=[[Amsterdam]]|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=52.516667 |long=13.383333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Berlin]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=48.856700 |long= 2.350800 |label_size=75 |label=[[Paris]]|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=55.858000 |long=-4.259000 |label_size=75 |label=[[Glasgow]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=53.347778 |long=-6.259722 |label_size=75 |label=[[Dublin]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=40.400000 |long=-3.683333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Madrid]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.216667 |long= 4.400000 |label_size=75 |label=[[Antwerp]]|position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=38.713811 |long=-9.139386 |label_size=75 |label=[[Lisbon]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=49.611667 |long= 6.130000 |label_size=75 |label=[[Luxembourg City]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=55.676111 |long=12.568333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Copenhagen]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=40.650000 |long=22.900000 |label_size=75 |label=[[Thessaloniki]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=59.329444 |long=18.068611 |label_size=75 |label=[[Stockholm]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.983333 |long=11.316667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Weimar]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=43.95     |long= 4.81     |label_size=75 |label=[[Avignon]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=60.389444 |long= 5.33     |label_size=75 |label=[[Bergen]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=44.5075   |long=11.351389 |label_size=75 |label=[[Bologna]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.85     |long= 4.35     |label_size=75 |label=[[Brussels]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=60.170833 |long=24.9375   |label_size=75 |label=[[Helsinki]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.061389 |long=19.938333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Kraków]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.083333 |long=14.416667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Prague]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=64.133333 |long=-21.933333|label_size=75 |label=[[Reykjavík]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=42.880447 |long=-8.546303 |label_size=75 |label=[[Santiago de Compostela]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.916667 |long= 4.5      |label_size=75 |label=[[Rotterdam]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=41.162142 |long=-8.621953 |label_size=75 |label=[[Porto]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.216667 |long= 3.233333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Bruges]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=40.961612 |long=-5.667607 |label_size=75 |label=[[Salamanca]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=47.066667 |long=15.433333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Graz]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=44.411111 |long= 8.932778 |label_size=75 |label=[[Genoa]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.6372   |long= 3.0633   |label_size=75 |label=[[Lille]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.897222 |long=-8.47     |label_size=75 |label=[[Cork (city)|Cork]]|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=38.25     |long=21.733333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Patras]]|position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=45.792784 |long=24.152069 |label_size=75 |label=[[Sibiu]]|position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=53.4      |long=-2.983333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Liverpool]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=58.963333 |long=5.718889  |label_size=75 |label=[[Stavanger]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=54.683333 |long=25.283333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Vilnius]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=48.303056 |long=14.290556 |label_size=75 |label=[[Linz]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.450833 |long= 7.013056 |label_size=75 |label=[[Essen]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=41.013611 |long=28.955    |label_size=75 |label=[[Istanbul]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=46.071111 |long=18.233056 |label_size=75 |label=[[Pécs]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=60.45     |long=22.266667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Turku]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=59.437222 |long=24.745278 |label_size=75 |label=[[Tallinn]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=41.45     |long=-8.3      |label_size=75 |label=[[Guimarães]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=46.55     |long=15.65     |label_size=75 |label=[[Maribor]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=48.716667 |long=21.25     |label_size=75 |label=[[Košice]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=43.2964   |long=5.37      |label_size=75 |label=[[Marseille]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=56.948889 |long=24.106389 |label_size=75 |label=[[Riga]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=63.825    |long=20.263889 |label_size=75 |label=[[Umeå]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.45     |long=3.95      |label_size=75 |label=[[Mons, Belgium|Mons]]|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=49.7475   |long=13.3775   |label_size=75 |label=[[Plzeň]]|position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=43.321389 |long=-1.985556 |label_size=75 |label=[[San Sebastián]] |position=top}} 
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.116667 |long=17.033333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Wrocław]]}} 
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=56.1572   |long=10.2107   |label_size=75 |label=[[Aarhus]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=34.766667 |long=32.416667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Paphos]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=35.897778 |long=14.5125   |label_size=75 |label=[[Valletta]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=53.2      |long= 5.783333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Leeuwarden]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=42.09     |long=24.45     |label_size=75 |label=[[Plovdiv]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=40.666667 |long=16.60     |label_size=75 |label=[[Matera]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=45.316667 |long=14.416667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Rijeka]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=53.2707   |long=-9.0568   |label_size=75 |label=[[Galway]]|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=45.25     |long=19.85     |label_size=75 |label=[[Novi Sad]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=38.033333 |long=23.533333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Eleusis]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=45.749444 |long=21.227222 |label_size=75 |label=[[Timișoara]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=54.897222 |long=23.886111 |label_size=75 |label=[[Kaunas]] |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=49.4969   |long=5.9806    |label_size=75 |label=[[Esch-sur-Alzette]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=47.09296  |long=17.91377  |label_size=75 |label=[[Veszprém]]}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=58.383333 |long=26.716667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Tartu]] |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=47.720278 |long=13.633333 |label_size=75 |label=[[Bad Ischl]] |mark=Red pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=67.2827   |long=14.3751   |label_size=75 |label=[[Bodø (town)|Bodø]] |mark=Red pog.svg|position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=50.833333 |long=12.916667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Chemnitz]] |mark=Green pog.svg |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=45.966667 |long=13.65     |label_size=75 |label=[[Nova Gorica]]-[[Gorizia]] |mark=Green pog.svg |position=left}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=65.021545 |long=25.469885 |label_size=75 |label=[[Oulu]] |mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=48.891944 |long=18.036667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Trenčín]] |mark=Blue pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=56.511667 |long=21.013889 |label_size=75 |label=[[Liepāja]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=top}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=38.571    |long=-7.9096   |label_size=75 |label=[[Évora]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=48.974722 |long=14.474722 |label_size=75 |label=[[České Budějovice]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=47.0844 |long=2.3964 |label_size=75 |label=[[Bourges]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=41.996111 |long=21.431667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Skopje]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=51.25 |long=22.566667 |label_size=75 |label=[[Lublin]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=bottom}}
{{location map~ |Europe |lat=67.849 |long=22.303 |label_size=75 |label=[[Kiruna]] |mark=Blue pog.svg |position=bottom}}
}}

==See also==
{{Portal bar|European Union|Europe}}
<!-- alphabetical order please [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->
<!-- please add a short description [[WP:SEEALSO]], via {{subst:AnnotatedListOfLinks}} or {{Annotated link}} -->
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
* {{Annotated link |American Capital of Culture}}
* {{Annotated link |Arab Capital of Culture}}
* {{Annotated link |European Green Capital Award}}
* {{Annotated link |European Youth Capital}}
* {{Annotated link |European Region of Gastronomy}}
* {{Annotated link |UK City of Culture}}
* {{Annotated link |University Network of the European Capitals of Culture}}
{{div col end}}
<!-- alphabetical order please [[WP:SEEALSO]] -->

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|European Capital of Culture}}
* [http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/creative-europe/actions/capitals-culture_en.htm European Capitals of Culture]
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006D1622 Decision No 1622/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 2007 to 2019]
* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:02014D0445-20171005 Decision No 445/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 establishing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing Decision No 1622/2006/EC]
{{European Capital of Culture}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:European Capital Of Culture}}
[[Category:Cultural policies of the European Union]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in Europe]]
[[Category:Capitals in Europe| ]]
[[Category:Lists of capitals]]