Editing Eure-et-Loir

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Eure-et-Loir
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline           = File:Préfecture d'Eure-et-Loir, Hôtel de Ligneris (1795), Chartres (France).JPG
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = Hôtel de Ligneris (1795), [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Eure-et-Loir department, in [[Chartres]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Eure-et-Loir.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Eure-et-Loir.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Eure-et-Loir-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Eure-et-Loir in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|20|N|01|25|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Centre-Val de Loire]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Chartres]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Châteaudun]]<br>[[Dreux]]<br>[[Nogent-le-Rotrou]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Christophe Le Dorven<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5880
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|58th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 28
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Eure-et-Loir department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Eure-et-Loir department|15]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Eure-et-Loir department|365]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Eure-et-Loir''' ({{IPA|fr|œʁ‿e lwaʁ}},<small> locally:</small> {{IPA|fr|øʁ‿e lwaʁ|}}) is a French [[departments of France|department]], named after the [[Eure (river)|Eure]] and [[Loir]] rivers. It is located in the [[Regions of France|region]] of [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. In 2019, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 431,575.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep28.pdf Populations légales 2019: 28 Eure-et-Loir], INSEE</ref>

==History==
Eure-et-Loir is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on March 4, 1790 pursuant to the Act of December 22, 1789. It was created mainly from parts of the former provinces of [[Orléanais]] (Beauce) and Maine ([[Perche]]), but also parts of Île-de-France (Drouais, [[Thymerais]], Valley of the Avre, Hurepoix).

The current department corresponds to the central part of the land of the [[Carnutes]] who had their capital at [[Chartres|Autricum (Chartres)]].   The Carnutes are known for their commitment, real or imagined, to the ancient [[Celtic mythology|Druidic religion]].  In the north of the department another pre-Roman people, the little-known Durocasses, had their capital at [[Dreux]].

==Geography==
Eure-et-Loir comprises the main part of the region of [[Beauce, France|Beauce]], politically it belongs to the current [[regions of France|region]] of [[Centre-Val de Loire]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Loir-et-Cher]], [[Loiret]], [[Essonne]], [[Yvelines]], [[Eure]], [[Orne]], and [[Sarthe]].

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Chartres]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Chartres]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 38,534
|-
| [[Dreux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 30,646
|-
| [[Lucé, Eure-et-Loir|Lucé]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 15,403
|-
| [[Châteaudun]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 13,096
|-
| [[Vernouillet, Eure-et-Loir|Vernouillet]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,472
|-
| [[Mainvilliers, Eure-et-Loir|Mainvilliers]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,127
|}

==Demographics==
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Euréliens''.
{{historical populations
|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/28his.html|title=Historique d'Eure-et-Loir|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-28|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|1791|256636|1801|257793|1821|264448|1831|278820|1841|286368|1851|294892|1861|290455|1872|282622|1881|280097|1891|284683|1901|275433|1911|272255|1921|251255|1931|254790|1936|252690|1946|258110|1954|261035|1962|277546|1968|302251|1975|335151|1982|362813|1990|396073|1999|407665|2006|421114|2011|430416|2016|433929}}

== Economy ==
The Eure-et-Loir is a department of agricultural tradition (Beauce), but also at the forefront in three economic sectors :

=== Agriculture ===
The department is a major economic player in the production of grain and oilseed in France.<ref name="Agricultural-chamber-of-Eure-et-Loir">Agricultural chamber of Eure-et-Loir</ref> Its agricultural economy is still heavily dependent on the economic and regulatory environment of the markets for crops. The Eure-et-Loir region is the first grain producer of France. It is also the national leader in the production of rapeseed and peas. 
Wheat production is by far the most dominant in the area. Nearly 40% of all farmland is devoted to the cultivation of wheat, which has generated an average of 29% of the commercial agricultural production of the department over the last 5 years.

The "Pôle AgroDynamic also promotes agriculture in the department", a grouping of subsidiaries providing added values in different sectors: agro-energy, [[agribusiness]], agricultural materials, Agrohealth.

=== Industries ===
* The [[Cosmetic Valley]] cluster, around [[Chartres]], which is the most important centre of the French beauty and well-being (perfumes/cosmetics) industry, with big names such as [[Guerlain]], [[Paco Rabanne]], [[Lolita Lempicka]], [[Jean-Charles de Castelbajac]] and [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]]. The [[Cosmetic Valley]] represents 2.5 billion euros of turnover, includes 200 companies, collaborates with the Universities of Orleans and Paris and employs more than 30,000 employees.
* The pharmaceutical industry, around [[Dreux]] and the '''Polepharma''' cluster. Created in 2002 under the leadership of CODEL<ref name="Codel">Codel: Eure-et-Loir economic development board</ref> Polepharma is a cluster of French pharmaceutical production which includes companies like [[Ipsen]], [[Novo Nordisk]], [[Laboratoires Expanscience]], [[LEO Pharma]], Ethypharm Famar, Norgine, Nypro, Synerlab / Sophartex and Seratec. The cluster represents 50% of drug production in France and 30,000 jobs. The Pharma cluster is also one of the creators of the inter-regional alliance "Pharma Valley" that has partner networks: Polepharma, CBS and Grepic. This alliance represents 60% of the production sites located in France and 2.5 billion euros of turnover.
* the agri-food industry, promoted by '''Agrodynamic''' (rural center of excellence), with two major companies in the sector: Ebly at Chateaudun and an Andros at Auneau.
* woodcraft and [[furniture industry]] around the association ''Perchebois''.
* the rubber and [[plastics industry]], through the cluster ''Elastopole''.
* the elevator manufacturer Octé has its head office in Châteauneuf-en-Thymerais <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shop.octe.eu/en/index.aspx?p_lang=1 |title=Drive systems |access-date=2017-05-04 |archive-date=2018-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710181629/http://shop.octe.eu/en/index.aspx?p_lang=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Energy ===
The department also has the lead in renewable energy. Already ranked second nationally in terms of power generation through its wind farms located in particular in the Beauce region of Eure-et-Loir in 2012 will be the largest producer of electricity with photovoltaic French original creation on the airbase [[NATO]] disused Crucey-Villages near Brezolles in the region's natural Thymerais, the largest photovoltaic park in France. Given in February 2011 by the General Council to the operator, [[EDF Energies Nouvelles]], the park will cover 245 ha of the military base and produce the equivalent output of 160 wind turbines.

==Politics==
The President of the [[Departmental council (France)|Departmental council]] is Christophe Le Dorven of [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous right}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]], [[Union of Democrats and Independents]], [[Miscellaneous right]] ||align="right"| 17
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] ||align="right"| 11
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Left}}" |
|[[Miscellaneous Left]] ||align="right"| 2
|-

|}

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/fr/france-2022-election-presidentielle-second-tour-resultats | title=Les résultats du second tour de l'élection présidentielle | date=19 April 2022 }}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 53.29
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 46.71
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles | title=Présidentielles }}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 60.27
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 39.73
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 53.47
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 46.53
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 58.16
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 41.84
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 79.26
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 20.74
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html | title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania }}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 54.27
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 46.71
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Eure-et-Loir's 1st constituency]]
| [[Guillaume Kasbarian]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Eure-et-Loir's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Olivier Marleix]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Radical Party (France)}}" |
| [[Eure-et-Loir's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Harold Huwart]]
| [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Eure-et-Loir's 4th constituency]]
| [[Philippe Vigier]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|}

==Tourism==
* The most important tourist attraction is the [[cathedral of Chartres]], with its magnificent [[stained-glass window]]s.
* Church: Saint-Pierre of Dreux, Saint-Denis (Toury)
* [[Chapelle royale de Dreux|Chapelle Royale of Dreux]]
* Beffroi of Dreux
* [[Bonneval Abbey (Eure-et-Loir)|Bonneval Abbey]]
* [[Château d'Anet|Castle of Anet]], of Chateaudun, of Maillebois, of [[Château de Maintenon|Maintenon]], of Montigny (Cloyes-sur-Loir), of Montigny-sur-Avre, of Charbonnières (Authon-du-Perche), Castle Saint-John (Nogent-le-Rotrou), Castle of Villepion (Orgères-en-Beauce), Castle of Reverseaux (Voves)
* Regional parc of the Perche
<gallery>
File:France Eure et Loir Chartres Vieille ville 02.jpg|[[Chartres]]
File:Notre Dame de Chartres.jpg|[[Chartres Cathedral]]
File:20050921ChStJean1.jpg|[[Nogent-le-Rotrou]]
File:Chateaudun Chateau 03.jpg|[[Châteaudun]]
File:Bonneval Abbaye St Florentin.JPG|[[Bonneval Abbey (Eure-et-Loir)|Bonneval Abbey]]
File:Aqueduc chateau Maintenon.jpg|Aqueduct of the [[Château de Maintenon]]
</gallery>

==Notable people==

=== Middle Ages ===
* [[Hugues Capet]] (c. 939 – 996), [[King of the Franks]], deceased near [[Voves]]
* [[Fulbert de Chartres]] (952-970 – 1028), bishop founder of [[School of Chartres]]
* [[Bernard of Tiron]] (1046 - 1117), founder of the monastic [[order of Tiron]] and of the abbey of [[Thiron-Gardais]]
* [[John of Salisbury]] (1115 - 1180), student of [[Abélard]] and of [[Fulbert de Chartres]]. British intellectual, friend of [[Thomas Becket]]. Bishop of Chartres from 1176 to 1180.
* [[Philippe VI of France]] (1293 – 1350), died at the Abbey of Notre-Dame of [[Coulombs, Eure-et-Loir|Coulombs]], near [[Nogent-le-Roi]]
* [[Jean II of France]] (1319 – 1364), who signed the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] during the [[Hundred Years War]] at [[Sours]], a village near Chartres

=== Renaissance ===
* [[Joan of France, Duchess of Berry]] (1464 - 1505), born in [[Nogent-le-Roi]], wife of [[Louis XII of France]], canonised by the Pope [[Pius XII]] in 1950.
* [[Diane de Poitiers]] (1499 - 1566), favourite of [[Henry II of France]]
* [[Rémy Belleau]] (1526 - 1577), poet of the [[Pléiade]]
* [[Henri IV of France]] (1553 - 1610), crowned in [[Chartres Cathedral]]
* [[Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette]] (1554 – 1642), Duc d'Épernon, minion of [[Henri III of France]].
* [[Maximilien de Béthune]] (1559 - 1641), duke of [[Sully-sur-Loire]] died at the [[Villebon]] château, buried at [[Nogent-le-Rotrou]])

=== 19th and 20th century ===
*[[Émile Zola]] (1840 – 1902), who was inspired by [[Romilly-sur-Aigre]] for his novel ''[[La Terre]]''
*[[Marcel Proust]] (1871 – 1922) spent time during his youth in the town [[Illiers-Combray]] where his aunt lived
*[[Paul-Félix Armand-Delille]] (1874 – 1963), bacteriologist
*[[Chaïm Soutine]] (1893 – 1943), painter
*[[Simone Segouin]] (1925 -  ), also known by her ''nom de guerre'' Nicole Minet, is a former French Resistance fighter who served in the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans group.
*[[Lolita Lempicka]] (1954 - ), fashion designer and perfumer who lives in [[Berchères-sur-Vesgre]]

==Media==
The media in Eure-et-Loir include the following:
*Daily newspapers: ''[[L'Écho Républicain]]'', ''[[La République du Centre]]''
*Weekly newspapers: Horizon (agricultural journal), ''[[L'Action Républicaine]]'', ''[[Le Perche]]'', ''[[L'Écho de Brou]]''
*Local radio and TV stations: Radio Intensité (Châteaudun), RTV (Dreux), Radio Grand Ciel

==See also==
*[[Arrondissements of the Eure-et-Loir department]]
*[[Cantons of the Eure-et-Loir department]]
*[[Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.eurelien.fr/ Departmental council website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.eure-et-loir.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.tourisme28.com/ Tourism website]

{{Eure-et-Loir}}
{{Departments of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Eure-et-Loir| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Centre-Val de Loire]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]