Editing Esko Aho

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Short description|Prime minister of Finland from 1991 to 1995}}
{{Infobox officeholder| name = Esko Aho
| image         = File:Esko Aho in 2022.jpg
| caption       = Esko Aho in 2022
| order         = 37th [[Prime Minister of Finland]]
| term_start    = 26 April 1991
| term_end      = 13 April 1995
| president     = [[Mauno Koivisto]]<br />[[Martti Ahtisaari]]
| deputy        = [[Ilkka Kanerva]] <br />[[Pertti Salolainen]]
| predecessor   = [[Harri Holkeri]]
| successor     = [[Paavo Lipponen]]
| birth_name    = Esko Tapani Aho
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1954|5|20|df=y}}
| birth_place   = [[Veteli]], Finland
| death_date    =
| death_place   =
| party         = [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre]]
| spouse        = Kirsti Aho
| profession    = Master of Political Sciences,
Visiting Professor at Sciences Po, Paris
| nickname     =
}}
'''Esko Tapani Aho''' (born 20 May 1954) is a Finnish politician who was [[List of prime ministers of Finland|prime minister of Finland]] from 1991 to 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/hakemisto/ministerikortisto/ministeritiedot.asp?nro=458 |title=Ministerikortisto |publisher=Valtioneuvosto }} {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Aho was born in [[Veteli]], [[Finland]].  Prior to attending university, he began a career in politics.  From 1974 to 1979, he was chairman of the [[Finnish Centre Youth]], many of whose previous chairmen had risen to high political positions.  In 1978, he became a presidential elector, a position he also held in 1982 and 1998.  From 1979 to 1980, Aho was political secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  From 1980 to 1983, he was a trade promoter for the municipality of Kannus.<ref name="EU">[http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/information_society/evaluation/data/pdf/fp6_ict_expost/ex-post_panel.pdf Ex-post Evaluation of the IST Thermatic Priority], 6th FP.  Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref>

Aho studied at the [[University of Helsinki]], graduating with a Master of Social Science degree in 1981.<ref name="EU" />

Since 2010 he has been a member of the board of the [[Skolkovo Innovation Center]]. Currently, he is a visiting professor at [[Sciences Po]], Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencespo.fr/psia/faculty|title=Faculty {{!}} Sciences Po psia|date=30 June 2014|website=www.sciencespo.fr|language=en|access-date=14 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215053340/http://www.sciencespo.fr/psia/faculty|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Parliamentary career ==
[[File:Esko-Aho-1993.jpg|thumb|left|Esko Aho in 1993]]
[[File:Visit of Esko Aho, Finnish Prime Minister, to the EC.jpg|thumb|left|Esko Aho and [[Jacques Delors]] in 1994]]
Aho was first elected to the [[Eduskunta|Finnish Parliament]] (eduskunta) in 1983.  He became chairman of the [[Centre Party of Finland|Centre Party]] in 1990, a position that he held until 2002. The party was at the time one of three major political parties in Finland.<ref>{{Cite web
 |url         = http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?{hnro}=104&{kieli}=su&{haku}=kaikki
 |title       = Edustajamatrikkeli
 |publisher   = Eduskunta
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611023315/http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?%7Bhnro%7D=104&%7Bkieli%7D=su&%7Bhaku%7D=kaikki
 |archive-date = 11 June 2011
}}.  Retrieved 23 January 2010.</ref>

At 36 years of age, he was the youngest prime minister in Finnish history.<ref name="iop.harvard.edu">{{cite web |url=http://www.iop.harvard.edu/Programs/Fellows-Study-Groups/Former-Fellows/Esko_Aho |title=Harvard University Institute of Politics - Esko Aho |access-date=23 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703071958/http://www.iop.harvard.edu/Programs/Fellows-Study-Groups/Former-Fellows/Esko_Aho |archive-date=3 July 2010 }}</ref>

Aho was the prime minister of a centre-right coalition government (Centre Party, [[National Coalition Party]], [[Christian Democrats (Finland)|Christian Democrats]] and [[Swedish People's Party]]) from 1991 to 1995. He is best known for leading Finland into the [[European Union]].<ref name="iop.harvard.edu" /> Aho's own party, most of whose voters lived and live in rural areas, was the most opposed to EU membership among major parties. The greatest concern of these voters was the EU's effect on Finnish agriculture,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1101978168148| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020183825/http://www.hs.fi/english/print/1101978168148| archive-date = 20 October 2012| title = Helsingin Sanomat – International Edition}}</ref> but they were persuaded to support membership due to the prime minister's diplomacy. Finland applied for EU membership on 16 March 1992, and a referendum was held two and a half years later.<ref>Journal of European Integration, Volume 19, Issue 1 Autumn 1995 , pages 43 – 69 Enlargement of the European Union and the Nordic Model</ref> Aho's government also faced the [[Early 1990s depression in Finland|deep economic depression of the early 1990s]]. Despite a steep rise in the national debt, the Aho government applied a stringent policy of austerity that made it unpopular. This partly caused its fall in the 1995 election and the Centre Party's eight-year period in the opposition.<ref>Porvarihallitus: [http://sites.google.com/site/oikeisto/ Porvarihallitusten ottama velka], accessed 28 March 2011.</ref>

Aho had the nickname "Kennedy of Kannus" [[Kannus]] being his hometown) due to his streamlined and well coiffed habitus reminiscent of [[John F. Kennedy]].

Esko Aho lost the bid for [[President of Finland]] to [[Tarja Halonen]] in 2000. He subsequently retired from active politics, initially in the form of a "sabbatical leave" of one year, during which he led a study group on the EU in the 2000 fall semester at [[Harvard University]] (where he was a resident fellow at the Institute of Politics).<ref name="iop.harvard.edu" /> In the 2003 election he left{{clarify|date=October 2022}} parliament and retired from daily politics. He then served as the president of the Finnish national innovation fund [[SITRA]] (the Finnish National Fund for Research and Development).<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2011 |title=Finnish ex-PM Esko Aho to join Nokia management – Forbes.com |url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/08/15/afx5327262.html |access-date=28 February 2022 |website= [[Forbes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604031949/https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/08/15/afx5327262.html |archive-date=4 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><!--1 year lecturer at Harvard in 2000, after Parliament – consulting , SITRA 1 July 2004, chaired group of experts on European innovation policy which submitted a reportJan 2006 to the European Commission. http://www.ek.fi/businessforums/eu_china/en/liitteet/CV_Aho.pdf  Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto Confederation of Finnish Industries EK -->

In 2008, Aho's name was included in an opinion poll on possible presidential candidates, in which he ranked last.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2008/08/stubb_karkikolmikossa_presidenttikyselyssa_315268.html |title=Stubb kärkikolmikossa presidenttikyselyssä &#124; Kotimaa &#124; YLE Uutiset &#124; yle.fi |access-date=23 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606221637/http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2008/08/stubb_karkikolmikossa_presidenttikyselyssa_315268.html |archive-date=6 June 2011 }} Stubb kärkikolmikossa presidenttikyselyssä  YLE 20 August 2010</ref>

On 1 November 2008, Aho became [[Nokia]]'s executive vice president of corporate relations and responsibility and became a member of its executive board.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/08/15/afx5327262.html | work=Forbes | title=Finnish ex-PM Esko Aho to join Nokia management | date=15 August 2008 | access-date=27 August 2017 | archive-date=4 June 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604031949/https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/08/15/afx5327262.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.nokia.com/press/press-releases/showpressrelease?newsid=1243842 Esko Aho to join Nokia on 1 November 2008 – Veli Sundbäck to retire at the end of May 2009 Nokia]</ref>

[[List of state leaders in 1991|At the time of his rise to prime minister]], he was the youngest head of government in Europe.

== Banks ==
Aho became a member of the board of directors of the Russian [[Sberbank]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-8751004| title = Esko Ahoa esitetään venäläispankin johtopaikalle| work = Yle Uutiset| date = 17 March 2016| access-date = 30 March 2018}}</ref> He resigned from the position in February 2022 following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.is.fi/politiikka/art-2000008638785.html| title = Esko Aho IS:lle: "Jätän Sberbankin välittömästi" | work = Ilta-Sanomat | date = 24 February 2022 | access-date = 24 February 2022}}</ref>

== Honors ==

* [[File:FIN Order of the White Rose Grand Cross BAR.svg|55x55px]] [[Order of the White Rose of Finland]] (Finland, 1992)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-25 |title=ANNETUT KUNNIAMERKIT 1990-2021 |url=https://ritarikunnat.fi/annetut-kunniamerkit-1991-2021/ |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Ritarikunnat |language=fi}}</ref>
* [[File:EST Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana - 1st Class BAR.svg|55x55px]] [[Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana]] (Estonia, 2003)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teenetemärkide kavalerid |url=https://president.ee/et/teenetemargid/teenetemarkide-kavalerid/11623-esko-tapani-aho |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Vabariigi Presidendi Kantselei |language=et}}</ref>
* [[File:Cordone di gran Croce OMRI BAR.svg|55x55px]] [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (Italy, 1993)<ref>{{Cite web |year=2024 |title=AHO S.E. Esko |url=https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/11137 |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Palazzo del Quirinale |language=it}}</ref>

== Cabinets ==
* [[Aho Cabinet]]

== See also ==
* [[Aho report]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kalevi Sorsa]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Speaker of the Parliament of Finland]]|years=April 1991}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ilkka Suominen]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Harri Holkeri]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Finland]]|years=1991–1995}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Paavo Lipponen]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{FinnishPrimeMinisters}}
{{CentrePartyFinlandLeaders}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aho, Esko}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Veteli]]
[[Category:Centre Party (Finland) politicians]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Finland]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Parliament of Finland]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1983–1987)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1987–1991)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1991–1995)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1995–1999)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1999–2003)]]
[[Category:Nokia people]]
[[Category:University of Helsinki alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of Finland]]