Editing Eruca sativa

{{Short description|Edible annual plant}}
{{about||another species cultivated as rocket|Diplotaxis tenuifolia}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Eruca sativa 1 IP0206101.jpg
|genus = Eruca
|species = sativa
|authority = [[Mill.]]
|synonyms = *''Brassica eruca'' <small>L.</small>
*''Brassica erucoides'' <small>Hornem.</small>
*''Brassica hispida'' <small>Ten.</small>
*''Brassica lativalvis'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''Brassica sativa'' <small>(Mill.) Y.Z.Zhao</small>
*''Brassica turgida'' <small>Pers.</small>
*''Brassica uechtritziana'' <small>Janka</small>
*''Crucifera eruca'' <small>E.H.L.Krause</small>
*''Eruca cappadocica'' <small>Reut. ex Boiss.</small>
*''Eruca cappadocica'' <small>Reut.</small>
*''Eruca cappadocica'' var. ''eriocarpa'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''Eruca eruca'' <small>(L.) Asch. & Graebn.</small>
*''Eruca foetida'' <small>Moench</small>
*''Eruca glabrescens'' <small>Jord.</small>
*''Eruca glabrescens'' var. ''valverdensis'' <small>Pit.</small>
*''Eruca grandiflora'' <small>Cav.</small>
*''Eruca hispida'' <small>(Ten.) DC.</small>
*''Eruca lativalvis'' <small>Boiss.</small>
*''Eruca longirostris'' var. ''leptocarpa'' <small>Pau</small>
*''Eruca longistyla'' <small>Pomel</small>
*''Eruca oleracea'' <small>J.St.-Hil.</small>
*''Eruca orthosepala'' <small>(Lange) Lange</small>
*''Eruca permixta'' <small>Jord.</small>
*''Eruca ruchetta'' <small>Spach</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' var. ''dasycarpa'' <small>Rouy & Foucaud</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' var. ''eriocarpa'' <small>(Boiss.) Post</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' proles ''glabrescens'' <small>(Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' var. ''hispida'' <small>Rouy & Foucaud</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' var. ''hispida'' <small>(Ten.) J.Groves</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' subsp. ''lativalvis'' <small>(Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' proles ''permixta'' <small>(Jord.) Rouy & Foucaud</small>
*''Eruca sativa'' var. ''polysperma'' <small>Rouy</small>
*''Eruca stenocarpa'' var. ''major'' <small>Rouy</small>
*''Eruca subbipinnata'' <small>Chiov.</small>
*''Eruca sylvestris'' <small>Bubani</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' var. ''cappadocica'' <small>(Reut. ex Boiss.) P.Fourn.</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' subvar. ''hispida'' <small>(Ten.) Thell.</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' subsp. ''lativalvis'' <small>(Boiss.) Thell.</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' subvar. ''oleracea'' <small>(J.St.-Hil.) Emb. & Maire</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' var. ''orthosepala'' <small>Lange</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' var. ''sativa'' <small>(Mill.) Thell.</small>
*''Eruca vesicaria'' subsp. ''sativa'' <small>(Mill.) Thell.</small>
*''Euzomum hispidum'' <small>Link</small>
*''Euzomum sativum'' <small>Link</small>
*''Raphanus eruca'' <small>(L.) Crantz</small>
*''Sinapis eruca'' <small>(L.) Vest</small>
*''Sinapis exotica'' <small>DC.</small>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="Kew" />
}}

'''Rocket''', '''eruca''',<ref name="blamey" /> or '''arugula''' ('''''Eruca sativa''''') is an edible [[annual plant]] in the family [[Brassicaceae]] used as a [[leaf vegetable]] for its fresh, tart, bitter, and peppery flavor. Its other common names include '''salad rocket'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/vegetables/rocket/grow-your-own|title=How to grow Rocket|website=Royal Horticultural Society|access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> and '''garden rocket'''<ref name="fnwe">Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2395 ''Eruca vesicaria''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014021510/http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2395|date=2007-10-14}}</ref> (in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Ireland, and New Zealand),<ref name="blamey" /> as well as '''colewort''', '''roquette''', '''ruchetta''', '''rucola''', '''rucoli''', and '''rugula'''. Native to the [[Mediterranean region]], it is widely popular as a [[salad vegetable]].<ref name="mc">Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=23937&PTRefFk=1275 ''Eruca sativa''.]</ref><ref name="blamey">Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. {{ISBN|0-340-40170-2}}.</ref><ref name="jstor">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4256115|jstor=4256115|title=Tradition, Uses and Biodiversity of Rocket (Eruca sativa, Brassicaceae) in Israel|last1=Yaniv|first1=Zohara|last2=Schafferman|first2=D.|last3=Amar|first3=Z.|journal=Economic Botany|year=1998|volume=52|issue=4|pages=394–400|doi=10.1007/BF02862069|bibcode=1998EcBot..52..394Y |s2cid=36181033}}</ref>

Some botanists consider it a [[subspecies]] of ''[[Eruca vesicaria]]''.<ref name="fnwe" /> However, they are different in many morphological aspects such as [[sepal]] persistence, [[silique]] shape, and habit. Most importantly, they do not hybrid freely with each other as there is partial [[reproductive isolation]] between them.<ref>{{cite conference |last=Sobrino Vesperinas |first=Eduardo |date=November 1995 |editor-last=Aibar Lete |editor-first=Joaquín |title=Diferencias morfológicas e interfertilidad entre las especies arvenses ''Eruca vesicaria'' (L) Cav. y ''E. sativa'' Miller |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=564286 |conference=Congreso 1995, Sociedad Española de Malherbología |language=es |location=Huesca |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses |pages=153–156 |isbn=84-8127-040-7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909115629/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=564286 |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-07-13}}</ref> [[Plants of the World Online]] has accepted ''Eruca sativa'' as a distinct species.<ref name="Kew">{{Cite web |title=''Eruca sativa'' Mill. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1110374-2 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Kew Science}}</ref>

== Description ==
''Eruca sativa'' is an [[annual plant]]<ref name="kole-relatives">{{cite book |last1=Kole |first1=Chittaranjan |title=Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Oilseeds |date=21 February 2011 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-14871-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWp--NMP3hAC&dq=Eruca+vesicaria&pg=PA151 |access-date=25 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> growing to {{convert|20|to|100|cm|in|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} in height. The [[Pinnation|pinnate]] leaves are deeply lobed with four to ten small, lateral lobes and a large terminal lobe. The [[flower]]s are {{convert|2|to|4|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} in diameter, arranged in a [[Inflorescence#Simple inflorescences|corymb]], with the typical Brassicaceae flower structure. The petals are creamy white with purple veins, and the stamens are yellow. The fruit is a [[Siliqua (plant)|siliqua]] (pod) {{convert|12|to|25|mm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long with an apical beak, containing several seeds. The species has a [[chromosome number]] of 2n = 22.<ref name="blamey" /><ref name="fnwe" /><ref name="rhs">Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan {{ISBN|0-333-47494-5}}.</ref>

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa 7.JPG|Leaves
|Rocket Salad, Arugula, Roquette, Rucola, Rugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa).jpg|Seed pods
}}

== Names ==
''[[Sativa]]'' is from ''satum'', meaning "to sow", indicating that the seeds of the plant were sown in gardens.

The English common name ''rocket'' derives from French ''roquette'', itself a borrowing from Italian ''ruchetta'', a diminutive of ''ruca'', from the Latin word ''eruca''.<ref name="oed">''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref>

"Arugula" ({{IPAc-en|ə|'|r|u:|ɡ|ə|l|ə|}}), the common name now widespread in the United States and Canada, entered American English from a nonstandard dialect of Italian. The standard Italian word is "rucola". The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the first known appearance of "arugula" in American English to a 1960 article in ''[[The New York Times]]'' by food editor and prolific cookbook writer, [[Craig Claiborne]].<ref>{{Cite news |first=Craig |last=Claiborne |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/05/24/archives/food-news-a-green-by-any-name-pungent-ingredient-is-cause-of.html |title=A Green by Any Name: Pungent Ingredient Is Cause of Confusion for City Shopper; Arugula – or Rocket – Is the Secret of Experts' Salads |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 1960 |page=33}}</ref>

===Similarly named plants===

Rocket is sometimes conflated with ''[[Diplotaxis tenuifolia]]'', known as 'perennial wall rocket', another plant of the family Brassicaceae that is used in the same manner.

Species of ''[[Barbarea]]'' may be known as 'yellow rocket'.

''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' may also be known by the common name 'colewort'.

== Ecology ==

''Eruca sativa'' is native to southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. As an invasive species arugula is widespread but scattered though is prolific and noxious in the Sonora desert of Arizona and California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eruca vesicaria (garden-rocket): Go Botany |url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/eruca/vesicaria/#:~:text=Facts,is%20cultivated%20widely%20in%20gardens. |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org}}</ref>

The species typically grows on dry, [[disturbed ground]]. It is a source of food for the [[larva]]e of some moth species,<ref name="blamey" /><ref name="fnwe" /> including the [[garden carpet]]. Its roots are susceptible to [[Nematode#Agriculture and horticulture|nematode]] infestation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smartgardener.com/plants/599-arugula-arugula/guide/pests/771-nematodes|title=Arugula: Arugula|work=smartgardener.com}}</ref>

== Cultivation ==
[[File:Eruca February 2008-1.jpg|thumb|Flower of ''E. sativa'']]

Grown as an edible and popular herb in Italy since [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times, arugula was mentioned by various ancient Roman authors as an [[aphrodisiac]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307213_6,00.html |title=7 Foods for Better Sex |last=Upton |first=Julie, RD |work=Health.com |access-date=July 5, 2010 |archive-date=April 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410045139/http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20307213_6,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Wright, Clifford A.|title=Mediterranean Vegetables|publisher=Harvard Common Press|year=2001|isbn=9781558321960|page=[https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanveg0000wrig/page/27 27]|url=https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanveg0000wrig|url-access=registration}}</ref> for example in a poem long ascribed to the first-century poet [[Virgil]], ''[[Appendix Vergiliana#Moretum ("The Pesto")|Moretum]]'', which contains the line: "''et Venerem revocans eruca morantem''" ("and the rocket, which revives drowsy Venus [sexual desire]"),<ref>Virgil, 102 ''Moretum'': 85. Joseph J. Mooney in his 1916 English translation, [http://virgil.org/appendix/moretum.htm "The Salad"], calls it "colewort" and notes, "The Latin "moretum", which is usually translated "salad", would be better called "cheese and garlic paste", i.e., [[Pesto#History|pesto]]. See ''The Minor Poems of Vergil: Comprising the Culex, Dirae, Lydia, Moretum, Copa, Priapeia, and Catalepton'' (Birmingham: Cornish Brothers, 1916), scanned as part of  [http://www.virgil.org/appendix/ ''Appendix Vergiliana: The Minor Poems of Virgil in English Translation''] on the website Virgil.org.</ref> and in the [[Ars Amatoria]] of [[Ovid]].<ref>Ovid, ''The Love Poems'' (Oxford 2008) p. 119</ref> Some writers assert that for this reason, during the Middle Ages, growing arugula was forbidden in monasteries.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=90Dk0n6OeygC&dq=%22moderatus+columella%22+&pg=PA41 Padulosi, Pignone D., Editors, ''Rocket: A Mediterranean Crop for the World'' (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute,1997), p. 41].</ref> Nonetheless, the plant was listed in a [[Capitulary#The Capitula missorum|decree]] by [[Charlemagne]] as among the 63 pot herbs suitable for growing in gardens.<ref>[[Helen Morgenthau Fox]], ''Gardening With Herbs for Flavor and Fragrance'' (1933, reprinted New York: Dover, 1970), p. 45. See also [https://books.google.com/books?id=j9jU1aV8xDsC&dq=capitularies+of+charlemagne+gardens&pg=PA14 Denise Le Dantec and Jean-Pierre Le Dantec, ''Reading the French Garden: Story and History'' (MIT Press, 1998), p. 14.]</ref> Gillian Riley, author of the ''Oxford Companion to Italian Food'', states that because of its reputation as a sexual stimulant, it was "prudently mixed with lettuce, which was the opposite" (i.e., calming or even soporific). Riley continues, "nowadays rocket is enjoyed innocently in mixed salads, to which it adds a pleasing pungency",<ref>Gillian Riley, ''The Oxford Companion to Italian Food'' (Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 446.</ref> although [[Norman Douglas]] insisted, "Salad rocket is certainly a stimulant".<ref>Ovid, ''The Love Poems'' (Oxford 2008) p. 232</ref>

The plant was traditionally collected in the wild or grown in home gardens along with herbs, such as parsley and basil. Arugula now is grown commercially in many places and is available in supermarkets and farmers markets worldwide. It now is [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] as a wild plant away from its native range in temperate regions around the world, including northern Europe and North America.<ref name="usda">USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERVES ''Eruca vesicaria'' subsp. ''sativa'']</ref><ref name="blamey" /> In India, the mature seeds are known as "Gargeer". This is the same name used in Arabic, {{lang|ar|[[wikt:جرجير|جِرْجِير]]}} (''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|jirjīr}}''), but used in Arab countries this name is used for the fresh leaves of the plant.

Mild frost conditions hinder the plant's growth and turn the green leaves to red.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Secret of the Local Red Arugula|url=http://www.princetoneats.org/the-secret-of-the-local-red-arugula|access-date=May 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202151039/http://www.princetoneats.org/the-secret-of-the-local-red-arugula|archive-date=February 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Spring|url=http://www.northlandpress.com/MNspring5713.html|access-date=May 24, 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630010530/http://www.northlandpress.com/MNspring5713.html|archive-date=June 30, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> If the weather is warm plants mature to full size in 40 to 50 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eruca vesicaria (Arugula, Eruca, Garden Rocket, Gharghir, Mediterranean Salad, Rocket, Rocket Salad, Roquette, Ruchtetta, Rucola, Rucoli, Rugula, Rugulas, Salad Rocket) |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/eruca-vesicaria/ |website=North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |publisher=North Carolinia State University |access-date=30 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

{{nutritional value | name=Arugula, raw
| water=91.7 g
| kJ=105
| protein=2.6 g 
| fat=0.6 g 
| carbs=3.6 g 
| fiber=1.6 g
| sugars=2.0 g
| calcium_mg=160
| iron_mg=1.46
| magnesium_mg=47
| phosphorus_mg=52
| potassium_mg=369
| sodium_mg=27
| zinc_mg=0.47
| copper_mg=0.076
| manganese_mg=0.321
| vitC_mg=15
| thiamin_mg=0.044
| riboflavin_mg=0.086
| niacin_mg=0.305
| vitB6_mg=0.073
| folate_ug=97
| vitA_ug=119
| vitA_iu=2373
| betacarotene_ug=1424
| lutein_ug=3555
| vitE_mg=0.43
| vitK_ug=108.6
| source_usda = 1
| note=[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169387/nutrients= Full Link to USDA database entry] 
}}

== Uses ==

===Nutrition===
Raw arugula is 92% water, 4% carbohydrates, 2.5% protein, and contains a negligible amount of fat. A {{convert|100|g|oz|abbr=on|adj=on|frac=2}} reference serving provides only {{convert|105|kJ|kcal|abbr=on}} of [[food energy]]. It is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of [[folate]] and [[vitamin&nbsp;K]]. Arugula is also a good source (10–19% of DV) of [[vitamin&nbsp;A]], [[vitamin&nbsp;C]], and the dietary minerals [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], and [[manganese]]. It also includes [[potassium]].<ref>NutritionData.com, [http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c20mn.html Arugula, Raw]</ref>

Arugula is generally not [[food allergen|allergenic]].

===Culinary===
The leaves, flowers, young seed pods, and mature seeds are all edible.

Since [[Ancient Roman cuisine|Roman times]] in Italy, raw arugula has been added to salads. It often is added as a garnish to a [[pizza]] at the end of or just after baking. In [[Apulia]], in southern Italy, arugula is cooked to make the pasta dish "cavatiéddi", "in which large amounts of coarsely chopped rocket are added to pasta seasoned with a homemade reduced tomato sauce and [[pecorino]]",<ref name="Reilly, p. 446">Reilly, ''The Oxford Companion to Italian Food'', p. 446</ref> as well as in many recipes in which it is chopped and added to sauces and cooked dishes or in a sauce (made by frying it in olive oil with garlic). It also is used as a condiment for cold meats and fish.<ref name="Reilly, p. 446"/> Throughout Italy, it is used as a salad with tomatoes and with [[burrata]], [[bocconcini]], [[Buffalo Mozzarella|buffalo]], or mozzarella cheese. In Rome, "rucola" is used in "straccetti", a dish of thin slices of beef with raw arugula and Parmesan cheese.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beef Strips with Rocket – Straccetti con la Rucola|url=https://thefoodellers.com/en/beef-strips-with-rocket-recipe|access-date=2021-05-17|website=thefoodellers.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In Turkey, similarly, the plant is eaten raw as a side dish or salad with fish or is served with a sauce of [[extra virgin olive oil]] and lemon juice.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Oktay Usta'dan Roka Salatası Resimli Tarifi|url = http://oktayusta.samanyoluhaber.com/oktay-ustadan-roka-salatasi-tarifi/|access-date = 2015-04-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150624025604/http://oktayusta.samanyoluhaber.com/oktay-ustadan-roka-salatasi-tarifi/|archive-date = 2015-06-24|url-status = dead}}</ref>

In Slovenia, arugula often is combined with boiled potatoes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.si/tiskane_izdaje/nedeljski/1042295643|title=Solata s krompirjem in rukolo|website=dnevnik.si}}</ref> or used in a soup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zurnal24.si/recepti/krompirjeva-juha-z-rukolo-208924/clanek|title=Krompirjeva juha z rukolo|work=zurnal24}}</ref>

In West Asia, Pakistan, and northern India, ''Eruca'' seeds are pressed to make [[taramira oil]], used in pickling and (after aging to remove acridity) as a salad or cooking oil.<ref>{{cite book
 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6jrlyOPfr24C&q=taramira+oil&pg=PA295
 | title=Plant Resources of Tropical Africa
 | volume=2
 | chapter=Vegetables
 | page=295
 | editor=G.J.H. Grubben and O.A. Denton
 | isbn=90-5782-147-8
| year=2004
 | publisher=PROTA
 }}</ref> The [[Press cake|seed cake]] is also used as animal feed.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Das|first=Srinabas |author2=Kumar Tyagi |author3=Harjit Kaur|title=Evaluation of taramira oil-cake and reduction of its glucosinolate content by different treatments|journal=Indian Journal of Animal Sciences|year=2004|volume=73|issue=6|pages=687–691|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288705407 }}</ref>

From about the 1990s<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arugula History and Facts |url=https://bwqualitygrowers.com/arugula/history-and-facts |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=bwqualitygrowers.com |date=15 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> arugula has become more popular in America, especially in trendier restaurants and in urban areas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arugula |url=https://tastewise.io/foodtrends/arugula |access-date=2023-09-18 |website=tastewise.io |language=en}}</ref>

{{gallery|mode=packed
|Rocket Salad.jpg|Salad bowl of rocket leaves
|Chorizo, roasted capsicum, tomatoes, hard boiled eggs and rocket salad.jpg|Arugula in a savory salad
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Cookbook|Arugula}}
* [https://botanistinthekitchen.blog/2012/11/20/the-most-political-vegetables-a-whirlwind-tour-of-the-edible-crucifers/ Jeane Osnos, "The most political vegetables: A whirlwind tour of the edible crucifers," ''The Botanist in the Kitchen'', November 20, 2012.] How arugula joined broccoli (and lattes) as supposed markers for big-government liberalism.
* [http://www.intowner.com/2012/08/11/the-%E2%80%9Clascivious%E2%80%9D-leaf-the-allure-of-arugula/ Joel Denker, "The 'Lascivious' Leaf: The Allure of Arugula," ''Food in the 'Hood'' (published August 11, 2012)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925014945/http://www.intowner.com/2012/08/11/the-%E2%80%9Clascivious%E2%80%9D-leaf-the-allure-of-arugula/ |date=September 25, 2020 }}, in ''[http://www.intowner.com The Intowner, Serving Washington, D. C. since 1968]''.
* [http://prospect.org/article/arugula-0  Ezra Klein, "Arugula", ''The American Prospect'', October 7, 2008.]
* [http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/politics/stories/eating-arugula-has-become-a-political-act  John Schwenkler, "Eating arugula has become a political act: Conservative thinker is branded a closet liberal based on the food he eats," ''Earth Matters'', MNN (Mother Nature Network), March 2009.] Mr. Schwenkler's article originally appeared in ''[[Plenty (magazine)|Plenty]]'' magazine in October 2008.
* [http://davidkamp.com/about.php David Kamp, ''The United States of Arugula: How We Became a Gourmet Nation'', New York: Clarkson Potter (2006).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218150049/http://davidkamp.com/about.php |date=2020-02-18 }}

{{Taxonbar}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brassicaceae]]
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]