Editing Ernie Pyle

{{short description|American war correspondent and writer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = Ernie Pyle
| image         = Ernie Pyle cph.3b08817.jpg
| caption       = Ernie Pyle in 1945
| birth_name    = Ernest Taylor Pyle
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1900|08|03}}
| birth_place   = [[Dana, Indiana]], U.S.
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1945|04|18|1900|08|03}}
| death_place   = [[Iejima]], [[Okinawa Prefecture]], [[Empire of Japan]]
| death_cause   = [[Killed in action]]
| resting_place = [[National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific]], [[Honolulu]]
| occupation    = Journalist
| spouse        = {{marriage|Geraldine Siebolds|1925}}
}}

'''Ernest Taylor Pyle''' (August 3, 1900 – April 18, 1945) was an American journalist and [[war correspondent]] who is best known for his stories about ordinary American soldiers during [[World War II]]. Pyle is also notable for the [[Columnist#Newspaper and magazine|columns]] he wrote as a roving [[human interest|human-interest]] reporter from 1935 through 1941 for the [[The E. W. Scripps Company|Scripps-Howard]] newspaper syndicate that earned him wide acclaim for his simple accounts of ordinary people across North America. When the United States entered World War II, he lent the same distinctive, folksy style of his human-interest stories to his wartime reports from the [[European theatre of World War II|European theater]] (1942–44) and [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]] (1945). Pyle won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1944 for his newspaper accounts of "[[Dogface (military)|dogface]]" [[infantry|infantry soldiers]] from a first-person perspective. He was killed by enemy fire on [[Iejima]] (then known as Ie Shima) during the [[Battle of Okinawa]].

At the time of his death in 1945, Pyle was among the best-known American war correspondents. His syndicated column was published in 400 daily and 300 weekly newspapers nationwide. [[President of the United States|President]] [[Harry Truman]] said of Pyle, "No man in this war has so well told the story of the American fighting man as American fighting men wanted it told. He deserves the gratitude of all his countrymen."<ref name=Truman>{{cite web | title =Statement by the President on the Death of Ernie Pyle | work =Public Papers, Harry S. Truman, 1945–1953 | publisher =Harry S. Truman Library and Museum | date =April 18, 1945 | url =http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=14&st=&st1= | access-date =February 9, 2015 | archive-date =September 10, 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150910095844/http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=14&st=&st1= | url-status =dead}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
[[File:Dana-Ernie-Pyle-birthplace-in.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Ernie Pyle birthplace in [[Dana, Indiana]]]]
Ernest "Ernie" Taylor Pyle was born on August 3, 1900, on the Sam Elder farm near [[Dana, Indiana]], in rural [[Vermillion County, Indiana]]. His parents were Maria (Taylor) and William Clyde Pyle.<ref>{{cite book | author=Lee G. Miller| title =An Ernie Pyle Album: Indiana to Ie Shima | publisher =William Sloane Associates | year =1946 | location =New York | pages =8–9 | oclc=466608}}</ref><ref name=Brockman46>{{cite journal| author=Paul Brockman | title =Ernie Pyle's Library | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =16 | issue =4 | page=46 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 2004}}</ref> At the time of Pyle's birth his father was a tenant farmer on the Elder property.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31>{{cite journal| author=Ray E. Boomhower| title =The G.I.'s Friend: Ernie Pyle | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =3 | issue =4 | pages =30–31 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 1991}}</ref> Neither of Pyle's parents attended school beyond the eighth grade.<ref name=Brockman46/>

Pyle, an only child, disliked farming and pursued a more adventurous life.<ref name=McMurray>{{cite web |author=John McMurray | title =Ernie Pyle's Reporting Vividly Brought WWII Back Home | publisher = Investor's Business Daily | date =January 27, 2016 | url =https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and-success/ernie-pyles-reporting-vividly-brought-wwii-back-home/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref> After graduating from a local high school in [[Bono, Vermillion County, Indiana|Bono]], Helt Township, Vermillion County, Indiana, he enlisted in the [[United States Navy|U.S. Naval Reserve]] during [[World War I]]. Pyle began his training at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]], but the war ended before he could be transferred to the [[Naval Station Great Lakes|Great Lakes Naval Training Station]] for additional training.<ref>{{cite book | author=Ray E. Boomhower |title =The Soldier's Friend: A Life of Ernie Pyle | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =2006 | location =Indianapolis | pages=19–20| isbn =9780871952004}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author=Ruth Padget Albright| title =Ernie Pyle at Indiana University | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =12 | issue =2 | page=6| publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2000}}</ref><ref>He served three months of active duty until the war ended, then finished his enlistment in the reserves and was discharged with the rank of Petty Officer Third Class.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}</ref>

Pyle enrolled at [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]] in 1919,<ref name=Miller46-13>Miller (1946), page 13.</ref> aspiring to become a journalist. However, Indiana University did not offer a degree in journalism at that time, so Pyle majored in economics and took as many journalism courses as he could. Pyle began studying journalism in his sophomore year, the same year he joined [[Sigma Alpha Epsilon]] fraternity and began working on the ''[[Indiana Daily Student]]'', the student-written newspaper. During his junior year Pyle became the newspaper's city editor and its news editor; he also worked on the ''Arbutus'', the campus yearbook, although he did not enjoy the desk-bound work. Pyle's simple, storytelling writing style, which he developed while a student at IU, later became his trademark style as a professional journalist and earned him millions of readers as a columnist for [[E. W. Scripps Company|Scripps-Howard]] newspaper syndicate.<ref>Albright, pages 6 and 8.</ref>

In March 1922, during his junior year at Indiana University, Pyle and three of his fraternity brothers dropped out of school for a semester to follow the Indiana University baseball team on a trip to Japan. Pyle and his fraternity brothers found work aboard the S.S. ''Keystone State''. During its voyage across the Pacific Ocean, the ship docked at ports such as Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Manila, as well as in Japan before returning trip to the United States. Pyle's interest in traveling and exploring the world continued in his later years as a reporter.<ref>Miller (1946), pages 13–14.</ref><ref>Albright, pages 8 and 11.</ref>

After his trip across the Pacific, Pyle returned to Indiana University Bloomington, where he was named editor-in-chief of the ''Indiana Summer Student'', the summer edition of the campus newspaper. During his senior year at Indiana University, Pyle continued his work at the ''Daily Student'' and the ''Arbutus''. He also joined [[Society of Professional Journalists|Sigma Delta Chi]], the journalism fraternity, and was active in other campus clubs. In addition, Pyle was selected as a senior manager of IU's football team, making him a [[Letterman (sports)|letterman]] along with the other members of the team in 1922.<ref name=Albright10>Albright, page 10.</ref>

Pyle left school in January 1923 with only a semester remaining and without graduating from IU.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 25.</ref><ref>Miller (1946), page 15.</ref>
He took a job as a newspaper reporter for the ''Daily Herald'' in [[La Porte, Indiana]], earning $25 a week.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 27.</ref><ref name=GS279>{{cite book | editor= Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair | title =Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State | publisher =Indiana Historical Society Press| year =2015 | location =Indianapolis | page=279 | isbn =978-0-87195-387-2}}</ref> Pyle worked at the ''Daily Herald'' for three months before moving to Washington, D.C., to join the staff of ''[[The Washington Daily News]]''.<ref name=GS279/>

==Personal life==
Pyle met his future wife, Geraldine Elizabeth "Jerry" Siebolds (August 23, 1899 – November 23, 1945), a native of [[Minnesota]], at a [[Halloween]] party in Washington, D.C., in 1923.
They married in July 1925.<ref name=Brockman46-47>Brockman, pages 46–47.</ref><ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 30. See also: {{cite book | author= Lee G. Miller | title =The Story of Ernie Pyle | publisher = Viking Press | year =1950 | location =New York | page =[https://archive.org/details/storyoferniepyle00mill/page/33 33] | isbn =9780837137438 | url =https://archive.org/details/storyoferniepyle00mill| url-access= registration}}</ref> In the early years of their marriage the couple traveled the country together. In Pyle's newspaper columns describing their trips, he often referred to her as "That Girl who rides with me".<ref name="Albright, p. 11">Albright, page 11.</ref> In June 1940, Pyle purchased property about {{convert|3|mi|km}} from downtown [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], and had a modest, {{convert|1,145|ft2|m2|adj=on}} home built on the site. The residence served as the couple's home base in the United States for the remainder of their lives.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 51.</ref>

Ernie and Jerry Pyle had a tempestuous relationship. He often complained of being ill, was a "heavy abuser of alcohol at times," and suffered from bouts of [[Mood disorder|depression]], later made worse from the stress of his work as a war correspondent during World War II. His wife suffered from alcoholism and periods of [[mental disorder|mental illness]] (depression or [[bipolar disorder]]).<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 50.</ref><ref>Miller (1950), pages and 169–73. See also: {{cite book|author=James Tobin |title=Ernie Pyles War: America's Eyewitness to World War II|date=1997|publisher=Free Press|pages=41–42, 49–51, 60–61, and 166|location=New York |isbn=9780684836423}}</ref> She also made several suicide attempts.<ref name=Brockman46-47/><ref>During one of Pyle's return visits to the United States during World War II, he wrote to his college roommate, Paige Cavanaugh: "Geraldine was drunk the afternoon I got home. From there she went on down. Went completely screwball. One night she tried the gas. Had to have a doctor." See: Miller (1950), pages 164. Pyle later described her as his "fearful and troubled wife ... desperate within herself since the day she was born."{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}</ref> Although the couple divorced on April 14, 1942, they remarried by [[proxy wedding|proxy]] in March 1943, while Pyle was covering the war in North Africa.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 62.</ref><ref>Miller (1950), pages 63–64.</ref> They had no children.<ref name=McMurray/> Newspapers reported that Jerry Pyle "took the news [of her husband's death] bravely", but her health declined rapidly in the months following his death on April 18, 1945, while he was covering operations of American troops on [[Ie Shima]]. Jerry Pyle died from complications of [[influenza]] at [[Albuquerque]], New Mexico, on November 23, 1945.<ref>{{cite book |author=B. O'Connor |url=https://archive.org/details/soldiersvoicesto00ocon/page/76 |title=The Soldier's Voice: The Story of Ernie Pyle |publisher=Carolrhoda Books |year=1996 |isbn=0876149425 |page=[https://archive.org/details/soldiersvoicesto00ocon/page/76 76]}} See also:{{cite journal |date=November 24, 1945 |title=That Girl' of Ernie Pyle's Columns Dies |journal=The San Bernardino Daily Sun |location=San Bernardino, California |volume=52 |page=2}}</ref>

==Career==
===Staff reporter and aviation columnist===
In 1923, Pyle moved to Washington, D.C., to join the staff as a reporter for the ''[[The Washington Daily News|Washington Daily News]]'', a new Scripps-Howard [[tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] newspaper, and soon became a copy editor as well.<ref name=GS279/> Pyle was paid $30 a week for his services, beginning a career with Scripps-Howard that would continue for the remainder of his life. When Pyle joined the ''Daily News'' all the editors were young, including editor-in-chief John M. Gleissner, Lee G. Miller (who became a lifelong friend of Pyle)<ref name=Albright10/><ref>Miller later became Pyle's biographer and the author of ''An Ernie Pyle Album – Indiana to Ie Shima'' (1946). See {{cite journal| author=Owen V. Johnson and Holly Hays| title =Wrestling with Fame: Ernie Pyle and the Pulitzer Prize | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =28 | issue =2 | pages =47 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2016}}</ref>
Charles M. Egan, Willis "June" Thornton Jr., and Paul McCrea.<ref>Miller (1946), pages 16–17.</ref>

By 1926, Pyle and his wife, Geraldine "Jerry", had quit their jobs. In ten weeks the couple traveled more than 9,000 miles across the United States in a [[Ford Model T]] [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]].<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 31.</ref><ref name=Price>{{cite book | author= Nelson Price | title =Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers from Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman | publisher =Guild Press of Indiana | year =1997 | location =Carmel, Indiana | page=263 | isbn =1578600065}}</ref> After briefly working in New York City for the ''[[The Evening World|Evening World]]'' and the ''[[New York Post]]'', Pyle returned to the ''Daily News'' in December 1927 to begin work on one of the country's first and its best-known [[aviation]] column, which he wrote for four years. Pyle's column appeared in syndication for the Scripps-Howard newspapers from 1928 to 1932. Although he never became an [[aircraft pilot]], Pyle flew about {{convert|100000|mi|km}} as a passenger.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 32, 34.</ref><ref name=JohnsonHays47>Johnson and Hays, page 47.</ref> As [[Amelia Earhart]] later said, "Any aviator who didn't know Pyle was a nobody."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://journalism.indiana.edu/archive/news/041505pyle/ |title=Ernie Pyle: 60 years after his death |author=Owen V. Johnson |publisher=Indiana University School of Journalism |date=April 15, 2005 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042800/http://journalism.indiana.edu/archive/news/041505pyle/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Human-interest and columnist===
In 1932, at the age of thirty-one, Pyle was named managing editor at the ''Daily News'', serving in the position for three years before taking on a new writing assignment.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 33–34.</ref><ref name=JohnsonHays47/> In December 1934 Pyle took an extended vacation in the [[western United States]] to recuperate from a severe bout of influenza. Upon his return to Washington, D.C., and while he filled in for the paper's vacationing [[Columnist#Newspaper and magazine|syndicated columnist]] [[Heywood Broun]], Pyle wrote a series of eleven articles about his trip and the people he had met. The series proved popular with both readers and colleagues. G.B. ("Deac") Parker, editor-in-chief of the [[Scripps-Howard]] newspaper chain, said he had found in Pyle's vacation articles "a sort of [[Mark Twain]] quality and they knocked my eyes right out".<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 38–39.</ref>

In 1935, Pyle left his position as managing editor at the ''Daily News'' to write his own national column as a roving reporter of human-interest stories for the Scripps-Howard newspaper syndicate.<ref name=Price/> Over the next six years, from 1935 until early 1942, Pyle and his wife, Jerry, whom Pyle identified in his columns as "That Girl who rides with me," traveled the United States, Canada, and [[Mexico]], as well as Central and South America, writing about the interesting places he saw and people he met. Pyle's column, published under the title of the "Hoosier Vagabond," appeared six days a week in Scripps-Howard newspapers. The articles became popular with readers, earning Pyle national recognition in the years preceding his even bigger fame as a war correspondent during World War II.<ref name=McMurray/><ref name=BoomhowerTraces2-3>{{cite journal| author= Ray E. Boomhower| title =The Hoosier Vagabond | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =28 | issue =2 | pages =2–3 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2016}}</ref> Selected columns of Pyle's human interest stories were later compiled in ''[[Home Country (book)|Home Country]]'' (1947),
published posthumously.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/>

Despite his growing popularity, Pyle lacked confidence and was perpetually dissatisfied with his writing; however, he was pleased when others recognized the quality of his work. Pyle's aviation and travel reports laid the groundwork for his life as a [[war correspondent]]. Pyle continued his daily travel column until 1942, but by that time he was also writing about American soldiers serving in [[World War II]].<ref name=JohnsonHays47/><ref name=McMurray/>

===World War II correspondent===
[[File:Ernie Pyle at Anzio with the 191st Tank Battalion, US Army.jpg|thumb|Pyle with a crew from the US Army's 191st Tank Battalion at the Anzio beachhead in 1944]]

Pyle initially went to [[London]] in 1940 to cover the [[Battle of Britain]], but returned to Europe in 1942 as a war correspondent for Scripps-Howard newspapers. Beginning in North Africa in late 1942, Pyle spent time with the U.S. military during the [[North African Campaign]], the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]], and the [[Invasion of Normandy|Normandy landings]]. He returned to the United States in September 1944, spending several weeks recuperating from combat stress before reluctantly agreeing to travel to the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater]] in January 1945. Pyle was covering the [[invasion of Okinawa]] when he was killed in April 1945.

====European theater====
[[File:Ernie Pyle - US Army photo at Anzio, 1944. Photo Credit - USAMHI.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pyle at Anzio, Italy, 1944]]
Pyle volunteered to go to London in December 1940 to cover the Battle of Britain. He witnessed the [[Germany|German]] firebombing of the city and reported on the growing conflict in [[Europe]]. His recollections of his experiences from this period were published in his book, ''Ernie Pyle in England'' (1941).<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/><ref name=Brockman47>Brockman, page 47.</ref> After returning to the United States in March 1941 and taking a three-month leave of absence from work to care for his wife, Pyle made a second trip to [[Great Britain]] in June 1942, when he accepted an assignment to become a [[war correspondent]] for Scripps-Howard newspapers. Pyle's wartime columns usually described the war from the common man's perspective as he rotated among the various branches of the U.S. military and reported from the front lines. Pyle joined American troops in North Africa and Europe (1942–44), and the Asiatic-Pacific Theater (1945).<ref name=Price/><ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 55–59 and 63.</ref> Collections of Pyle's newspaper columns from the campaigns he covered in the [[European theatre of World War II|European theater]] are included in ''Here is Your War'' (1943) and ''Brave Men'' (1944).<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/><ref name=Brockman47/>

In his reports of the [[North African Campaign]] in late 1942 and early 1943,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pyle |first=Ernie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aypb4g_8uZkC |title=Here Is Your War |date=April 2005 |publisher=Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-57912-441-0 |language=en}}</ref> Pyle told stories of his early wartime experiences, which made interesting reading for Americans in the United States.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 64.</ref> Through his work, Pyle became friends of the enlisted men and officers, as well as those in leadership roles such as Generals [[Omar Bradley]] and [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].<ref name=Price/><ref name=GS280>Gugin and St. Clair, eds., page 280.</ref> Pyle wrote that he was especially fond of the infantry "because they are the underdogs".<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/>

Pyle lived among the U.S. servicemen and was free to interview anyone he wanted. As a noncombatant Pyle could also leave the front when he wanted. He interrupted his reporting in September 1943 and in September 1944 to return home to recuperate from the stresses of combat<ref>Johnson and Hays, pages 49 and 53.</ref><ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 65.</ref> and care for his wife when she was ill.<ref>Tobin, pages 60–61, 123–24, 159–61, and 219–220.</ref>

Reinforcing his status as the [[Dogface (military)|dogface]] G.I.'s best friend, Pyle wrote a column from [[Italy]] in 1944 proposing that soldiers in combat should get "fight pay," just as airmen received "[[United States military pay#Special Pay|flight pay]]". In May 1944 the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] passed a law that became known as the Ernie Pyle bill. It authorized 50 percent extra pay for combat service.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/> Pyle's most famous column, "The Death of [[Henry T. Waskow|Captain Waskow]]," written in Italy in December 1943, was published on January 10, 1944, when Allied forces were fighting at the [[Anzio]] beachhead in Italy.<ref name=GS280/> The notable story also marked the peak of Pyle's writing career.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 78.</ref>

After the [[North African Campaign|North African]] and [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian campaigns]], Pyle left Italy in April 1944, relocating to England to cover preparations for the Allied landing at [[Invasion of Normandy|Normandy]]. Pyle was among the twenty-eight war correspondents chosen to accompany U.S. troops during the initial invasion in June 1944. He landed with American troops at [[Omaha Beach]] aboard a [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]].<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 81–83.</ref> On [[D-Day]] Pyle wrote:
<blockquote>The best way I can describe this vast armada and the frantic urgency of the traffic is to suggest that you visualize New York city on its busiest day of the year and then just enlarge that scene until it takes in all the ocean the human eye can reach clear around the horizon and over the horizon. There are dozens of times that many.<ref>On preparations to invade at Normandy, see: {{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/thewar/|title=THE WAR |publisher=PBS}}</ref></blockquote>

In July 1944, Pyle was nearly caught in the accidental bombing by the [[United States Army Air Forces|U.S. Army Air Forces]] at the onset of [[Operation Cobra]] near [[Saint-Lô]] in Normandy.<ref>Tobin, pages 195–96.</ref> A month after witnessing the [[liberation of Paris]] in August 1944,<ref>{{cite book |author=Nicholas Rankin|title=Ian Fleming's Commandos: The Story of 30 Assault Unit in WWII | publisher =Faber 
|year=2011 | location =London | isbn = 9780571250639}}</ref> Pyle publicly apologized to his readers in a column on September 5, 1944, stating that "my spirit is wobbly and my mind is confused" and he said that if he "heard one more shot or saw one more dead man, I would go off my nut".<ref name=lifepyle>{{cite magazine|date=2 April 1945 |author=Lincoln Barnett|title=Ernie Pyle | magazine=Life | page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EkEAAAAMBAJ&q=nauseated}}</ref> He later said he had "lost track of the point of the war" and that another two weeks of coverage would have seen him hospitalized with "[[Posttraumatic stress disorder|war neurosis]]".<ref name=lifepyle/> An exhausted Pyle wrote that he hoped that a rest at his home in [[New Mexico]] would restore his vigor to go "warhorsing around the Pacific".<ref>Tobin, pages 201.</ref>

====Pacific theater====
[[File:Ernie Pyle on Okinawa.png|thumb|upright|Pyle shares a cigarette with Marines on Okinawa]]

Pyle reluctantly headed for the Pacific theater in January 1945 for what became his final writing assignment.<ref name=GS280/> While covering the [[U.S. Navy]] and [[U.S. Marine Corps|Marine]] forces in the Pacific, Pyle challenged the Navy's policy forbidding the use of the names of sailors in reporting the war. He won a partial but unsatisfying victory when the ban was lifted exclusively for him.<ref name="Tobin, p. 234">Tobin, page 234.</ref> Pyle travelled on board the aircraft carrier {{USS|Cabot|CVL-28|6}}. He thought the naval crew had an easier life than the infantry in Europe, and wrote several unflattering portraits of the Navy.<ref>Tobin, pages 228, 231, and 233–34.</ref> In response, fellow correspondents, newspaper editorialists and G.I.s criticized Pyle (who was a former member of the [[United States Navy Reserve|U.S. Naval Reserve]]) for his negative coverage of the Navy in his columns and for underestimating the difficulties of naval warfare in the Pacific. Pyle conceded that his heart was with the servicemen in Europe,<ref>Tobin, pages 234 and 236.</ref> but he persevered. After traveling to [[Guam]] and resuming his writing, Pyle went on to report on naval action during the [[Battle of Okinawa]], the largest [[Amphibious warfare|amphibious assault]] in the [[Pacific War|Pacific theater]] during World War II.<ref>{{cite web| author=Laura Lacey| title =Battle of Okinawa |publisher=Militaryhistoryonline.com |url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/default.aspx | access-date =January 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031340/http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/default.aspx|archive-date=16 December 2018}} See also: {{cite web |url= https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-okinawa-operation-iceberg.htm |title=Battle of Okinawa: Summary, Fact, Pictures and Casualties |publisher=Historynet.com |date=June 12, 2006 |access-date=January 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 98.</ref>

==Death==
[[File:Ernie pyle death.jpg|thumb|right|Ernie Pyle shortly after being killed on Iejima, April 18, 1945]]
[[File:Funeral for Ernie Pyle on Okinawa.jpg|thumb|right|Ernie Pyle funeral]]

On more than one occasion, Pyle was noted for having premonitions of his own death. Before landing he wrote letters to his friend Paige Cavanaugh, as well as playwright [[Robert E. Sherwood]], predicting that he might not survive the war.<ref>Tobin, page 238.</ref>

On April 17, 1945, Pyle came ashore with the U.S. Army's 305th Infantry Regiment, [[77th Infantry Division (United States)|77th Infantry Division]], on Ie Shima (now known as [[Iejima]]), a small island northwest of [[Okinawa Island|Okinawa]]<ref name="purple"/> that Allied forces had captured, but had not yet cleared of enemy soldiers.<ref name=GS280/> The following day, after local enemy opposition had supposedly been neutralized, Pyle was traveling by jeep with Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Coolidge, the commanding officer of the 305th and three additional officers toward Coolidge's new command post when the vehicle came under fire from a Japanese machine gun.<ref name="Boomhower, pp. 106">Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 106–07.</ref><ref>{{cite book | author=David Nichols | title = Ernie's War: The best of Ernie Pyle's World War II Dispatches | publisher = Random House | year = 1986 | location = New York City | page= 32 | isbn = 978-0-394-54923-1}}</ref> The men immediately took cover in a nearby ditch. "A little later Pyle and I raised up to look around," Coolidge reported. "Another burst hit the road over our heads ... I looked at Ernie and saw he had been hit." A machine-gun bullet had entered Pyle's left temple just under his helmet, killing him instantly.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ernie Pyle Is Killed on Ie Island; Foe Fired When All Seemed Safe |date=April 19, 1945|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0803.html
|journal=The New York Times|access-date=August 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216212430/https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0803.html|archive-date=2017-12-16}}</ref>

[[File:Ernie Pyle Memorial Ie Shima Okinawa.jpg|thumb|upright|The Ernie Pyle Memorial on Iejima, Japan]]
Pyle was buried wearing his helmet, among other battle casualties on Ie Shima, between an infantry private and a combat engineer.<ref>Miller (1950), page 42.</ref> In tribute to their friend, the men of the 77th Infantry Division erected a monument that still stands at the site of his death.<ref>N 26 42.656 E 127 47.877 (Google Earth)</ref> Its inscription reads: "At this spot the 77th Infantry Division lost a buddy, Ernie Pyle, 18 April 1945."<ref>{{cite journal| author=D. Allen |title=Ie Shima: Island off Okinawa holds annual event honoring newsman Ernie Pyle |journal=Stars and Stripes |date=April 20, 2004 |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/ie-shima-island-off-okinawa-holds-annual-event-honoring-newsman-ernie-pyle-1.19006 |access-date=July 8, 2015}} See also:"We pay our final respects to Ernie Pyle, the Doughboy's best friend." Photo caption in{{cite book|title=Second to None! The story of the 305th Infantry in World War II |publisher=Infantry Journal Press |year=1949 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=162}}</ref> Echoing the sentiment of the men serving in the Pacific theater, General Eisenhower said: "The GIs in Europe––and that means all of us––have lost one of our best and most understanding friends."<ref name="Boomhower, pp. 106"/>

Former First Lady [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], who frequently quoted Pyle's war dispatches in her newspaper column, ''[[My Day]]'', paid tribute to him in her column the day after his death: "I shall never forget how much I enjoyed meeting him here in the White House last year," she wrote, "and how much I admired this frail and modest man who could endure hardships because he loved his job and our men."<ref>{{cite web |author=Eleanor Roosevelt|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1945&_f=md000003|title=My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, April 19, 1945 | work =The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project | publisher =George Washington University | date=2017 |access-date=January 17, 2019}}</ref> [[President of the United States|President]] [[Harry S. Truman]], who had been in office for less than a week following the death of [[Franklin Roosevelt]] on April 12, also paid tribute to Pyle: "No man in this war has so well told the story of the American fighting man as American fighting men wanted it told. He deserves the gratitude of all his countrymen."<ref name=Truman/>

After the war, Pyle's remains were moved to a U.S. military cemetery on Okinawa. In 1949, his remains were some of the first to be interred at the [[National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific]] in [[Honolulu]], [[Oahu]], Hawaii.<ref name=GS280/>

==Writing style==
Pyle's signature storytelling style was developed at IU and during his early years as a human-interest reporter. As a war correspondent he generally wrote from the perspective of the common soldier, explaining how the war affected the men instead of recounting troop movements or the activities of generals. His descriptions of or reactions to an event in simple, informal stories are what set his writing apart and made him famous during the war.<ref name=JohnsonHays48-49>Johnson and Hays, pages 48–49.</ref>

Fellow journalists praised Pyle's writing. Walter Morrow, editor of the ''[[Rocky Mountain News]]'', claimed that Pyle's columns from his travels across the United States in the 1930s were "the most widely read thing in the paper".<ref name=BoomhowerTraces2-3/> During World War II Pyle continued to write about his experiences from the perspective of what he called "the worm's-eye view".<ref name=McMurray/> In addition to publication of his columns in newspapers in the United States, Pyle's writing was the only writing from a civilian correspondent to be regularly published in the U.S. armed forces newspaper, ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]''.<ref name=JohnsonHays48-49/>

Pyle's "everyman" approach to his wartime reporting earned him the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for journalism in 1944.<ref name=GS280/>

==Popularity==
Pyle was well known and popular among the American military.<ref name=JohnsonHays48>Johnson and Hays, page 48.</ref> According to Sergeant Mack Morris, whose essay appeared in the U.S. army's weekly newspaper, ''[[Yank, the Army Weekly|Yank]]'': "The secret of Ernie's tremendous success and popularity, if there is any secret about it, is his ability to report a war on a personal plane."<ref name=JohnsonHays53>Johnson and Hays, page 53.</ref> Artist [[George Biddle]] wrote of how a battalion commander told him that Pyle was a poor writer, but was very popular because "he writes about and writes to the great, anonymous American average. They ... are thirsty for recognition and publicity".<ref name="fussell1989">{{Cite book |title=Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War |author=Paul Fussell |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-19-503797-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/155 155–56] |lccn=89002875 |url=https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/155}}</ref>

Pyle's newspaper columns were popular in the United States with readers in a wide range of ages from older readers to high school and college students. In November 1942 Pyle's columns were distributed to 42 newspapers, but the number had increased to 122 newspapers by April 1943. When he returned to the United States for a break during the war, reporters and photographers made increasing demands for his time. In 1943 Pyle also gave interviews on radio programs to help sell war bonds.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 70, 72–73.</ref> At the time of Pyle's death his columns appeared in 400 daily and 300 weekly newspapers.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/>

==Legacy==
[[File:Ernie Pyle gravesite.jpg|thumbnail|right|Pyle's headstone at Memorial Cemetery in Honolulu]]
Pyle is described as "the pre-eminent war correspondent of his era,"<ref name=McMurray/> who achieved worldwide fame and readership for his World War II battlefield reports that were published from 1942 to 1945.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/> Present-day war correspondents, World War II veterans, and historians still recognize Pyle's World War II dispatches as "the standard to which every other war correspondent should strive to emulate."<ref>Brockman, page 44.</ref> As ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine once described Pyle and his work: "He now occupies a place in American journalistic letters which no other correspondent of this war has achieved. His smooth, friendly prose succeeded in bridging a gap between soldier and civilian where written words usually fail."<ref name=JohnsonHays47/>

Pyle is best remembered for his World War II newspaper reports of the firsthand experiences of ordinary Americans, especially the G.I.s serving in the U.S. Armed Forces in Europe in particular.<ref>{{cite book | author=James H. Madison | title = Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana| publisher =Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press | year =2014 | location =Bloomington and Indianapolis | page =266 | isbn =978-0-253-01308-8}}</ref> His legacy also lies in the stories of soldiers who would otherwise be unknown. "The Death of Captain Waskow," published in January 1944, is considered Pyle's most famous column.<ref name=McMurray/> In describing the soldiers he had met, Pyle remarked:<blockquote>Their life consisted wholly and solely of war, for they were and always had been front-line infantrymen. They survived because the fates were kind to them, certainly – but also because they had become hard and immensely wise in animal-like ways of self-preservation.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anzioitalybattle00clar|url-access=registration|title=Anzio : Italy and the battle for Rome, 1944|last=Clark|first=Lloyd|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/anzioitalybattle00clar/page/39 39]|others=Internet Archive|isbn=9780871139467}}</ref></blockquote>

In addition to his writing, Pyle's legacy includes the Ernie Pyle bill, whose content he proposed in one of his columns in early 1944. Congress passed formal legislation in May 1944 to provide American soldiers with a 50 percent increase in pay for their combat service.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/> The U.S. Army also adopted Pyle's suggestion of providing [[Overseas Service Bar|overseas service bars]] on uniforms to designate six months of overseas service.<ref name=JohnsonHays52>Johnson and Hays, page 52.</ref>

Pyle's papers and other archival materials related to his life and work are held at the [[Lilly Library]], [[Indiana University Bloomington]]; the Ernie Pyle World War II Museum, Dana, Indiana;<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 121.</ref> the Indiana State Museum; and the Wisconsin State Historical Society.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} The [[Indiana Historical Society]] acquired Ernie and Jerry Pyle's personal library from IU Bloomington's School of Journalism in 2005 and moved the collection to its headquarters in Indianapolis.<ref>{{cite journal| title =News from Other Places: Ernie Pyle's Library Moved to Indy | journal =Monroe County Historian | volume =2005 | issue =2 | publisher =Monroe County Historical Society, Inc. | location =Bloomington, Indiana | date =April 2005| url = https://monroehistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/vol2005issue2.pdf| access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>

==Honors and awards==
*A two-time recipient of the National Headliners Club Award (1943 and 1944).<ref>Johnson and Hays, pages 51–52.</ref>
* Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his war correspondence in 1944.<ref name="Albright, p. 11"/>
*Featured on the cover of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, July 17, 1944.<ref name=McMurray/>
*Recipient of the [[Raymond Clapper Memorial Award]] in 1944 from the journalism fraternity Sigma Delta Chi (the present-day [[Society of Professional Journalists]]).<ref name=JohnsonHays52/>
*The Sons of Indiana in New York City named Pyle the Hoosier of the Year in 1944.<ref name=GS280/>
*Awarded an honorary doctorate from the [[University of New Mexico]].<ref name=JohnsonHays52/>
*Awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Humane Letters]] degree from Indiana University on November 13, 1944.<ref>Albright, page 12.</ref>
*The U.S. government posthumously awarded Pyle a [[Medal for Merit]] in July 1945.<ref>{{cite web| title =Who was Ernie Pyle? | publisher =Albuquerque and Bernalillo County Public Library | url = https://abqlibrary.org/whowaserniepyle | access-date =January 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 110.</ref>
*In 1983, Pyle was posthumously awarded the [[Purple Heart]]–a rare honor for a civilian—by the 77th Division's successor unit, the 77th Army Reserve Command.<ref name="purple">{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19830423&id=qqUrAAAAIBAJ&pg=3040,4809583|title=A Purple Heart for Ernie Pyle|page=4|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Nashua)|The Telegraph]]|date=April 23, 1983}}</ref>
*Recipient, posthumously, of the [[American Legion]]'s Distinguished Service Medal in 1945.<ref>{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle | publisher =The American Legion | url =https://www.legion.org/distinguishedservicemedal/1945/ernie-pyle | access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>

==Tributes==
[[File:Ernie Pyle-B29.jpg|thumb|175px|right|The Ernie Pyle Boeing B-29]]
*The employees of [[Spirit AeroSystems|Boeing-Wichita]], through the 7th War Loan Drive, paid for and built a Boeing [[B-29 Superfortress]] named the "Ernie Pyle," which was dedicated on May 1, 1945.<ref>{{cite journal | title =Superfort "Ernie Pyle", Gift of Plane Plant Workers, Here En Route to Japan | journal =Wing Tips | pages =2 | publisher =1505th A.A.F | location =Mathers Field, Sacramento, California | url =http://www.chassis-plans.com/Wing-Tips-Article_Ernie_Pyle_B29.pdf | access-date =January 15, 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140524/http://www.chassis-plans.com/Wing-Tips-Article_Ernie_Pyle_B29.pdf | archive-date =July 8, 2011 | url-status =dead}}</ref> Initially assigned to the Second Air Force at [[Kearney Air Force Base]], the B-29 named in Pyle's honor, Serial Number 44-70118, was sent to the Twentieth Air Force, Pacific Theater of Operations, on May 27, 1945. The plane was ferried to the Pacific theater by a crew under the command of Lieutenants Howard F. Lippincott and Robert H. Silver. The nose art was removed when the aircraft reached its intended operations base in the Pacific because the base commander thought it would become a prime target of the Japanese. The "Ernie Pyle" survived the war and was returned to the United States on October 22, 1945. It was stored at Pyote AAF, Texas, and disposed of as surplus on March 25, 1953.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
*Shortly after his death, on Friday, April 27, 1945, the United States Maritime Commission announced (PR 2247) that a troop ship would be named after him [[Type C4-class ship|SS Ernie Pyle]]. It was launched by Babette Johnson, his niece, in June 1945. It was used to transport refugees from Europe.
*During the [[American occupation of Japan]], between 1945 and 1955, the [[Tokyo Takarazuka Theater]] in downtown Tokyo was renamed the Ernie Pyle Theater, a site that was popular with many American G.I.s.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
*Scripps-Howard Newspapers established the Ernie Pyle Memorial Fund in 1953 to support the Ernie Pyle Award. Beginning in 1953, the award is given annually to reporters who "most nearly exemplify the style and craftsmanship for which Ernie Pyle was known".<ref name="PYLE-19531231">{{Cite news |url=https://newspapers.com/image/149951462/?terms=Jim%2BG.%2BLucas%2BScripps-Howard%2BAward |title=Ernie Pyle Award Goes To Writer Jim Lucas |date=December 31, 1953 |work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]] |access-date=March 17, 2019 |agency=Scripps-Howard Service |issue=190 |edition=Home |volume=70 |page=2 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> The award is now known as the Excellence in Human Interest Storytelling Award (Honoring Ernie Pyle), and is part of the annual [[Scripps Howard Awards]].
*The Indiana University board of trustees voted in 1954 to officially name the building that housed the IU School of Journalism on the Bloomington campus as Ernie Pyle Hall. The previous year, Sigma Delta Chi had placed a marker honoring Pyle at the east end of the building.<ref>Albright, page 13.</ref> Ernie Pyle Hall is the present-day home of the Office of Admissions Welcome Center and the College of Arts and Sciences Center for Career Achievement.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Metta Thomas| title =Ernie Pyle Hall to be rededicated in ceremony | journal =Indiana Daily Student | location =Bloomington | date = October 16, 2018| url =https://www.idsnews.com/article/2018/10/ernie-pyle-hall-to-be-rededicated-in-ceremony| access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref>
*In 1970, Pyle's nephew, Bruce L. Johnson, placed a memorial plaque at Pyle's burial site at the [[National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific]], [[Punchbowl Crater]], [[Honolulu]], [[Oahu]], Hawaii.<ref>{{cite journal| title =Lake Worth Couple to Make Ernie Pyle Pilgrimage 30th |journal=The Lake Worth Herald | location =Lake Worth, Florida|date=May 21, 1970}}</ref>
*On May 7, 1971, the [[United States Postal Service|U.S. Postal Service]] issued a 16-cent postage stamp in Pyle's honor.<ref>{{cite web| author=Roger S. Brody |title=16-cent | work =Arago: People, Postage & the Post |publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum | date =May 18, 2006|url=http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2038938 | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref>
*Indiana University's annual Ernie Pyle Scholars Honors Program was established in 2006 for incoming freshman honors students majoring in journalism.<ref>{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Scholars | publisher =Indiana University | url = http://mediaschool.indiana.edu/students-in-action/honors-programs/honors-ernie-pyle-scholars/ | access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>
*In 2014, sculptor [[Tuck Langland]] 's bronze statue of Pyle was erected in front of Franklin Hall on the Indiana University Bloomington campus.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Alison Graham |date=October 15, 2014 |title=Spelling error identified on new Ernie Pyle sculpture |url=http://www.idsnews.com/article/2014/10/spelling-error-on-ernie-pyle-statue |journal=Indiana Daily Student |access-date=January 15, 2019}}</ref> (The Indiana University School of Journalism, the department of Telecommunications, and the Department of Communication and Culture also merged in 2014 to establish the Indiana University Media School, which is housed in Franklin Hall<ref name=IDS7-26-18>{{cite journal| author=Dominick Jean, Cameron Drummond, and Murphy Wheeler| title =Inaugural Ernie Pyle Day: what it means and how to celebrate | journal =Indiana Daily Student | location =Bloomington | date =July 26, 2018| url = https://www.idsnews.com/article/2018/07/inaugural-ernie-pyle-day-what-that-means-and-how-to-celebrate-on-aug-3| access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>)
*The first annual Ernie Pyle Legacy Foundation Scholarship of $1,000 was awarded in 2017 to a University of New Mexico journalism student.<ref>{{cite journal
| author=Rick Nathanson| title =Duck City to mark birthday of correspondent Ernie Pyle | journal =Albuquerque Journal | location =Albuquerque, New Mexico | date =July 10, 2018| url =https://www.abqjournal.com/1030683/duke-city-to-mark-birthday-of-correspondent-ernie-pyle.html| access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>
*August 3, 2018, the inaugural National Ernie Pyle Day, was the result of a Congressional resolution drafted by the [[United States Senate|U.S. senators]] from Indiana, [[Joe Donnelly]] and [[Todd Young]].<ref>{{cite journal| author=Alex Modesitt| title =Indiana, nation celebrate Ernie Pyle's legacy | journal =Tribune Star | location =Terre Haute, Indiana | date =August 3, 2018| url = https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/indiana-nation-celebrate-ernie-pyle-s-legacy/article_9ba56b12-25b5-58e6-8454-46ccf388b272.html| access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref> [[Governor of Indiana|Indiana governor]] [[Eric Holcomb]] also proclaimed August 3, 2018, as Ernie Pyle Day in Indiana.<ref name=IDS7-26-18/>

==Pyle historic sites==
[[File:Ernie Pyle Library Albuquerque New Mexico.jpg|thumb|The Ernie Pyle Library in Albuquerque]]
*In 1947, the [[Albuquerque City Council]] accepted Pyle's last home in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], as a memorial to the late war correspondent. Since 1948 the former residence, known as the [[Ernie Pyle House/Library|Ernie Pyle Library]], has served as the first branch of the [[Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System]]. The library branch houses a small collection of adult and children's books, as well as Pyle memorabilia and archives.<ref name="NHL">{{cite web|url=http://www.doi.gov/news/06_News_Releases/061013.html|title=Ernie Pyle's Home a National Historic Landmark|author=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=October 31, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070125100622/http://www.doi.gov/news/06_News_Releases/061013.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = January 25, 2007|author-link= United States Department of the Interior}}</ref> The Ernie Pyle House/Library was designated as a [[National Historic Landmark]] on September 20, 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Pyle House | work=National Historic Landmark Program|publisher=National Park Service |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1923418086&ResourceType=Building |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606190021/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1923418086&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |access-date=January 16, 2019}}</ref>
*The Ernie Pyle World War II Museum (Pyle's restored birthplace) includes a farmhouse that was moved from its original location to [[Dana, Indiana]]. The museum, which is open to the public, became a state historic site in July 1976; however, it is no longer part of the Indiana State Museum and Historic Sites system. Its present-day owners and operators are the Friends of Ernie Pyle.<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/><ref>{{cite web| title =Home | work = The Ernie Pyle World War II Museum | publisher =Friends of Ernie Pyle | url =https://www.erniepyle.org | access-date =January 22, 2019}}</ref> The museum's visitor center, constructed from two World War II-era [[Quonset hut]]s features displays, mostly of Pyle's wartime career.<ref>{{cite book | author=Earl L. Conn | title =My Indiana: 101 Places to See | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =2006 | location =Indianapolis | pages=110–11 | isbn=9780871951953}}</ref>

===Other sites named in Pyle’s honor===
*Elementary schools named for Pyle include buildings in [[Clinton, Indiana]];<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Clinton, Indiana] | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/indiana/clinton/1626-Ernie-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref> [[Indianapolis]], Indiana;<ref>{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle School 90 | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/indiana/indianapolis/809-Ernie-Pyle-School-90/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref> [[Bellflower, California]];<ref>{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Bellflower, California] | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/california/bellflower/1546-Ernie-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref> and [[Fresno, California]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Fresno, California] | publisher = GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/california/fresno/851-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref>
*Other schools include Ernie Pyle Middle School in Albuquerque, New Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernie Pyle Middle School |url=http://www.greatschools.org/new-mexico/albuquerque/62-Ernie-Pyle-Middle-School/| access-date =January 15, 2019}}</ref>
*A segment of [[US 36#Indiana|U.S. Highway 36]] from [[Danville, Indiana]], to the Indiana/Illinois state line is known as the Ernie Pyle Memorial Highway. A memorial rest park named in Pyle's honor was established along U.S. 36, southeast of Dana.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highwayexplorer.com/EndsPage.php?id=2036&section=1|title=US 36|publisher=Highway Explorer – Indiana Highway Ends|access-date=2013-04-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216072050/http://www.highwayexplorer.com/EndsPage.php?id=2036&section=1|archive-date=December 16, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*A street in Galax, Virginia.
*A road at [[Fort Riley]], [[Kansas]], bears his name, as well as a street at [[Fort Meade, Maryland|Fort Meade]], [[Maryland]].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=U.S. Army |title=History of Fort George G. Meade |url=https://home.army.mil/meade/index.php/about/history |access-date=May 23, 2023}}</ref>
*A small island in [[Cagles Mill Lake]], southeast of the town of Cunot in [[Owen County, Indiana]], bears his name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Pyle Island |publisher=Mapcarta |url=http://mapcarta.com/20860074 |access-date=February 9, 2015}}</ref>
*Ernie Pyle Reserve Center, [[Fort Totten (Queens)|Fort Totten, Queens, New York]].
*A rest stop on Interstate 80 near Brighton, IN is named Ernie Pyle Travel Plaza.

==In popular culture==
*''[[The Story of G.I. Joe]]'' (1945), starring [[Burgess Meredith]] as Pyle, is based on Pyle's reports from North Africa and Italy, including "The Death of Captain Waskow".<ref name=JohnsonHays50>Johnson and Hays, page 50.</ref> The film's producers donated a major portion of the proceeds toward scholarships at Indiana University.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://erniepyle.iu.edu/essays/ties-to-iu.html|title=Remembering Ernie Pyle's IU Ties|last=Johnson|first=Owen V.|website=erniepyle.iu.edu|access-date=December 28, 2024}}</ref>
*On November 11, 1999, ''[[Peanuts]]'' creator [[Charles Schulz]] paid tribute to [[Veterans Day]] with his comic strip of [[Snoopy]] honoring Ernie Pyle titled "Ernie Pyle – To Remember". The caption for Snoopy reads: "Another C-Ration Has Been Consumed in Your Honor, Ernie Pyle... We'll Never Forget You..."<ref>{{cite web| author=GoComics Team| title =Classic 'Peanuts' Comics Commemorating Veterans Day | publisher =GoComics | date =November 11, 2019 | url =https://www.gocomics.com/blog/3501/classic-peanuts-comics-commemorating-veterans-day | access-date =January 16, 2019}}</ref>
*In 2002, the [[Hasbro]] toy company released an Ernie Pyle action figure.<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', page 2.</ref>
*The protagonist/narrator of the Argentine comic book series ''[[Ernie Pike]]'' is said to have been inspired by Pyle, although the character physically resembles its creator.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Pike – Coda # 1 |work=The Crib Sheet | date =December 27, 2014|url=http://thecribsheet-isabelinho.blogspot.com/2014/12/ernie-pike-coda-1.html |access-date=September 14, 2016}}</ref>

==Selected published works==
===Notable column===
"The Death of [[Henry T. Waskow|Captain Waskow]]", Pyle's most famous column, was written in December 1943 and published on January 10, 1944.<ref name=GS280/> The [https://www.columnists.com National Society of Newspaper Columnists] later selected it as "the best American newspaper column of all time".<ref name=JohnsonHays49>Johnson and Hays, page 49.</ref> The organization has bestowed the Ernie Pyle Lifetime Achievement Award annually since 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ernie Pyle Lifetime Achievement Award|url=https://www.columnists.com/awards/nsnc-hall-of-fame/}}</ref>

===Books===
*Pyle's wartime writings are preserved in four books:
**''Ernie Pyle In England'' (1941)<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/>
**''Here Is Your War'' (1943)<ref name=Brockman47/>
**''Brave Men'' (1944) <ref name=Brockman47/>
**''Last Chapter'' (1949)<ref>Boomhower, ''The Soldier's Friend'', pages 127–28.</ref>
*Selected columns of Pyle's human-interest stories:
**''[[Home Country (book)|Home Country]]'' (1947)<ref name=BoomhowerTraces30-31/>

==See also==
*{{Portal-inline|Biography}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}

==References==
{{external media | width = 210px | float = right | headerimage= | video1 = [https://www.c-span.org/video/?87455-1/ernie-pyles-war ''Booknotes'' interview with James Tobin on ''Ernie Pyle's War'', August 10, 1997], [[C-SPAN]]}}
*{{cite journal| author=Albright, Ruth Padget | title =Ernie Pyle at Indiana University | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =12 | issue =2 | pages =4–13 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2000}}
*{{cite journal| author=Allen, D. | title =Ie Shima: Island off Okinawa holds annual event honoring newsman Ernie Pyle | journal =Stars and Stripes | date = April 20, 2004| url =http://www.stripes.com/news/ie-shima-island-off-okinawa-holds-annual-event-honoring-newsman-ernie-pyle-1.19006 | access-date = July 8, 2015}}
*{{Cite news| url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19830423&id=qqUrAAAAIBAJ&pg=3040,4809583|title=A Purple Heart for Ernie Pyle|page=4|agency=[[Associated Press]]|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Nashua)|The Telegraph]] |location=Nashua, NH |date=April 23, 1983}}
*{{cite news | agency=Associated Press| title ='That Girl' of Ernie Pyle's Columns Dies | journal =The San Bernardino Daily Sun | volume =52 | page=2 | location =San Bernardino, California | date =November 24, 1945}}
*{{cite web |url= https://www.historynet.com/battle-of-okinawa-operation-iceberg.htm |title=Battle of Okinawa: Summary, Fact, Pictures and Casualties |publisher=Historynet.com |date=June 12, 2006 |access-date=January 19, 2012}}
*{{cite journal| author=Boomhower, Ray E.| title =The G.I.'s Friend: Ernie Pyle | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =3 | issue =4 | pages =30–31 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 1991}}
*{{cite journal| author=Boomhower, Ray E.| title =The Hoosier Vagabond | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =28 | issue =2 | pages =2–3 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2016}}
*{{cite book | author=Boomhower, Ray E.| title =The Soldier's Friend: A Life of Ernie Pyle | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =2006 | location =Indianapolis | isbn =9780871952004}}
*{{cite journal| author=Brockman, Paul | title =Ernie Pyle's Library | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =16 | issue =4 | pages =44–47 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 2004}}
*{{cite web| author=Brody, Roger S. | title =16-cent Pyle | work =Arago: People, Postage & the Post | publisher = Smithsonian National Postal Museum | date =May 18, 2006 | url = http://www.arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2038938| access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite book | author=Conn, Earl L. | title =My Indiana: 101 Places to See | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | year =2006 | location =Indianapolis | pages=110–11 | isbn=9780871951953}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pike - Coda # 1 | work =The Crib Sheet | date =December 27, 2014 | url =http://thecribsheet-isabelinho.blogspot.com/2014/12/ernie-pike-coda-1.html | access-date =September 14, 2016}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle | publisher =The American Legion | url =https://www.legion.org/distinguishedservicemedal/1945/ernie-pyle | access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Bellflower, California] | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/california/bellflower/1546-Ernie-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Fresno, California] | publisher = GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/california/fresno/851-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date = January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Elementary School [Clinton, Indiana] | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/indiana/clinton/1626-Ernie-Pyle-Elementary-School/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite web|title=Ernie Pyle House | work=National Historic Landmark Program|publisher=National Park Service|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1923418086&ResourceType=Building |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606190021/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1923418086&ResourceType=Building |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |access-date=January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite journal| title =Ernie Pyle Is Killed on Ie Island; Foe Fired When All Seemed Safe | journal =The New York Times | date = April 19, 1945| url =https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0803.html | access-date = August 3, 2015}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Island | publisher =Mapcarta | url =http://mapcarta.com/20860074 | access-date =February 9, 2015}}
*{{cite web|title=Ernie Pyle Middle School | publisher =GreatSchools.org |url=http://www.greatschools.org/new-mexico/albuquerque/62-Ernie-Pyle-Middle-School/| access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle Scholars | publisher =Indiana University | url = http://mediaschool.indiana.edu/students-in-action/honors-programs/honors-ernie-pyle-scholars/ | access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite web| title =Ernie Pyle School 90 | publisher =GreatSchools.org | url =https://www.greatschools.org/indiana/indianapolis/809-Ernie-Pyle-School-90/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{Cite book |author=Fussell, Paul |title=Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989 |isbn=0-19-503797-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/155 155–56] |lccn=89002875 |url=https://archive.org/details/wartimeunderstan00paul/page/155}}
*{{cite web| author=GoComics Team| title =Classic 'Peanuts' Comics Commemorating Veterans Day | publisher =GoComics | date =November 11, 2019 | url =https://www.gocomics.com/blog/3501/classic-peanuts-comics-commemorating-veterans-day | access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite journal| author=Graham, Alison | title =Spelling error identified on new Ernie Pyle sculpture | journal =Indiana Daily Student | publisher =IDSnews.com | date =October 15, 2014| url =http://www.idsnews.com/article/2014/10/spelling-error-on-ernie-pyle-statue| access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite book |editor-first1= Linda C.| editor-last1= Gugin| editor-first2= James E.| editor-last2= St. Clair| title =Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State | publisher =Indiana Historical Society Press| year =2015 | location =Indianapolis | pages=279–81 | isbn =978-0-87195-387-2}}
*{{cite web| title =Home | work =The Ernie Pyle World War II Museum | publisher =Friends of Ernie Pyle | url =https://www.erniepyle.org | access-date =January 22, 2019}}
*{{cite journal|author1=Jean, Dominick |author2=Cameron Drummond |author3=Murphy Wheeler | title =Inaugural Ernie Pyle Day: what it means and how to celebrate | journal =Indiana Daily Student | location =Bloomington | date =July 26, 2018| url = https://www.idsnews.com/article/2018/07/inaugural-ernie-pyle-day-what-that-means-and-how-to-celebrate-on-aug-3| access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite web |url=http://journalism.indiana.edu/archive/news/041505pyle/ |title=Ernie Pyle: 60 years after his death |last=Johnson |first=Owen V. |publisher=[[Indiana University School of Journalism]] |date=April 15, 2005 |access-date=June 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042800/http://journalism.indiana.edu/archive/news/041505pyle/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}
*{{cite journal| author=Johnson, Owen V., and Holly Hays| title =Wrestling with Fame: Ernie Pyle and the Pulitzer Prize | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =28 | issue =2 | pages =46–55 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Spring 2016}}
*{{cite book | author=Johnson, Owen V., ed., with Ernie Pyle |title=At Home with Ernie Pyle |publisher=Indiana University Press | year =2015| location=Bloomington | isbn = 9780253019110}}
*{{cite web| author=Lacey, Laura | title =Battle of Okinawa |publisher=Militaryhistoryonline.com |url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/default.aspx | access-date =January 17, 2019}}
*{{cite journal| title =Lake Worth Couple to Make Ernie Pyle Pilgrimage 30th | journal =The Lake Worth Herald | date = May 21, 1970}}
*Letterman, Gretchen (1974) ''This is Our Ernie Pyle. (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting association for Education in Journalism... a biographical sketch of Ernie Pyle...) San Diego, California August 1974'' from The Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED098573/mode/2up]
*{{cite book | author=Madison, James H. | title = Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana| publisher =Indiana University Press and the Indiana Historical Society Press | year =2014 | location =Bloomington and Indianapolis | page =266 | isbn =978-0-253-01308-8}}
*{{cite web |author=McMurray, John | title =Ernie Pyle's Reporting Vividly Brought WWII Back Home | publisher = Investor's Business Daily | date =January 27, 2016 | url = https://www.investors.com/news/management/leaders-and-success/ernie-pyles-reporting-vividly-brought-wwii-back-home/ | access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite book | author=Miller, Lee G. |title=An Ernie Pyle Album – Indiana to Ie Shima |publisher=William Sloane Associates | year =1946| location =New York | oclc=466608}}
*{{cite book | author=Miller, Lee G. | title =The Story of Ernie Pyle | publisher = Viking Press | year =1950 | location = New York | isbn =9780837137438 | url =https://archive.org/details/storyoferniepyle00mill| url-access=registration}}
*{{cite journal| author=Modesitt, Alex | title =Indiana, nation celebrate Ernie Pyle's legacy | journal =Tribune Star | location =Terre Haute, Indiana | date =August 3, 2018| url = https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/indiana-nation-celebrate-ernie-pyle-s-legacy/article_9ba56b12-25b5-58e6-8454-46ccf388b272.html| access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite journal| author=Nathanson, Rick | title =Duck City to mark birthday of correspondent Ernie Pyle | journal =Albuquerque Journal | location =Albuquerque, New Mexico | date =July 10, 2018| url =https://www.abqjournal.com/1030683/duke-city-to-mark-birthday-of-correspondent-ernie-pyle.html| access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite journal| title =News from Other Places: Ernie Pyle's Library Moved to Indy | journal =Monroe County Historian | volume =2005 | issue =2 | publisher =Monroe County Historical Society, Inc. | location =Bloomington, Indiana | date =April 2005| url = https://monroehistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/vol2005issue2.pdf| access-date =January 16, 2019}}
*{{cite book | author=Nichols, David | title = Ernie's War: The Best of Ernie Pyle's World War II Dispatches | publisher =Random House | year = 1986 | location =New York City | page=32 | isbn = 978-0-394-54923-1}}
*{{cite book | author =O'Connor, B. | title =The Soldier's Voice: The Story of Ernie Pyle | publisher =Carolrhoda Books | year =1996 | page =[https://archive.org/details/soldiersvoicesto00ocon/page/76 76] | url =https://archive.org/details/soldiersvoicesto00ocon/page/76 | isbn =0876149425}}
*{{cite book | author=Price, Nelson| title =Indiana Legends: Famous Hoosiers from Johnny Appleseed to David Letterman | publisher =Guild Press of Indiana | year =1997 | location =Carmel, Indiana | page=263 | isbn =1578600065}}
*{{cite book | author=Rankin, Nicholas | title =Ian Fleming's Commandos: The Story of 30 Assault Unit in WWII | publisher =Faber | year =2011 | location =London | isbn = 9780571250639}}
*{{cite web| author= Roosevelt, Eleanor |title=My Day by Eleanor Roosevelt, April 19, 1945 | work = The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Project | publisher =George Washington University | date=2017|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1945&_f=md000003 | access-date =January 17, 2019}}
*{{Cite book | title =Second to None! The story of the 305th Infantry in World War II | publisher =Infantry Journal Press | year =1949 | location = Washington, D.C. | page=162}}
*{{cite web | title =Statement by the President on the Death of Ernie Pyle | work =Public Papers, Harry S. Truman, 1945–1953 | publisher =Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum | date =April 18, 1945 | url =http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=14&st=&st1= | access-date =January 19, 2019 | archive-date =September 10, 2015 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150910095844/http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=14&st=&st1= | url-status =dead}}
*{{cite journal | title =Superfort 'Ernie Pyle', Gift of Plane Plant Workers, Here En Route to Japan | journal =Wing Tips | pages =2 | publisher =1505th A.A.F | location =Mathers Field, Sacramento, California | url =http://www.chassis-plans.com/Wing-Tips-Article_Ernie_Pyle_B29.pdf | access-date =January 15, 2019 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110708140524/http://www.chassis-plans.com/Wing-Tips-Article_Ernie_Pyle_B29.pdf | archive-date =July 8, 2011 | url-status =dead}}
*{{cite journal| author=Thomas, Metta | title =Ernie Pyle Hall to be rededicated in ceremony | journal =Indiana Daily Student | location =Bloomington | date = October 16, 2018| url =https://www.idsnews.com/article/2018/10/ernie-pyle-hall-to-be-rededicated-in-ceremony| access-date =January 15, 2019}}
*{{cite book|last=Tobin | first= James | authorlink= James Tobin (author) |title=Ernie Pyle's War: America's Eyewitness to World War II |year=1997|publisher=Free Press| location =New York |isbn=9780684836423}} Reprint edition: {{cite book | author=Tobin, James | title =Ernie Pyle's War: America's Eyewitness to World War II | publisher =Simon & Schuster |year=2000| location =New York |isbn=978-0-684-86469-3}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.highwayexplorer.com/EndsPage.php?id=2036&section=1|title=US 36|publisher=Highway Explorer – Indiana Highway Ends|access-date=2013-04-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216072050/http://www.highwayexplorer.com/EndsPage.php?id=2036&section=1|archive-date=December 16, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.doi.gov/news/06_News_Releases/061013.html
|title=Ernie Pyle's Home a National Historic Landmark |author=U.S. Department of the Interior|access-date=October 31, 2006 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070125100622/http://www.doi.gov/news/06_News_Releases/061013.html |archive-date = January 25, 2007|author-link= United States Department of the Interior}}
*{{cite web|title=THE WAR | publisher =PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/thewar/}}
*{{cite web| title =Who Was Ernie Pyle? | publisher =Albuquerque and Bernalillo County Public Library | url = https://abqlibrary.org/whowaserniepyle | access-date =January 22, 2019}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | author=Harden, Mike, and Evelyn Hobson | title =On a Wing and a Prayer: The Aviation Columns of Ernie Pyle | publisher =Friends of Ernie Pyle | year =1995 | location =Dana, Indiana | isbn = 9780964574403}}
*{{cite book | author=Nichols, David | title =Ernie's America: The Best of Ernie Pyle's 1930's Travel Dispatches | publisher =Random House | year =1989 | location =New York | url =https://archive.org/details/erniesamericabes00pyle| url-access=registration | isbn = 9780394575728}}
*{{cite book | author=Nichols, David | title =Ernie's War: The Best of Ernie Pyle's World War II Dispatches | publisher =Random House | year =1986 | location =New York | isbn = 9780394549231}}
*{{Cite news |last=Chrisinger |first=David |date=5 June 2019 |title=The Man Who Told America the Truth About D-Day |work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |postscript=. Includes a high resolution photo of Pyle.}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ernie Pyle}}
*[https://sites.mediaschool.indiana.edu/erniepyle/ Ernie Pyle exhibit] and resources at [[Indiana University Bloomington|Indiana University]]'s Media School
*{{FadedPage|id=Pyle, Ernie|name=Ernie Pyle|author=yes}}
*[http://mediaschool.indiana.edu/erniepyle/wartime-columns/ "Wartime Columns]," Indiana University, Bloomington
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050825132244/http://www.usarc.army.mil/77thRSC/ "Ernie Pyle, U.S. War Correspondent]," in "History of the United States Army Reserve 77th Regional Support Command", Ernie Pyle Center, U.S. Army Reserve, Fort Totten, New York
*[https://abqlibrary.org/erniepyle Ernie Pyle Library], Albuquerque, New Mexico
*[http://www.erniepyle.org The Ernie Pyle WWII Museum], Dana, Indiana
*[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0803.html "Ernie Pyle Is Killed on Ie Island; Foe Fired When All Seemed Safe"], obituary, ''The New York Times'', April 19, 1945
*[http://www.c-span.org/video/?170132-1/writings-ernie-pyle "Writings of Ernie Pyle"] from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Writers: A Journey Through History]]''
*[http://thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars/ernie-pyle-photos.html "Ernie Pyle Photos"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108134450/http://thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars/ernie-pyle-photos.html |date=November 8, 2014}}, from ''Story of G.I. Joe'' (1944), The [[Ned Scott]] Archive

{{EWS CORP}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Pyle, Ernie}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American journalists]]
[[Category:American civilians killed in World War II]]
[[Category:American male journalists]]
[[Category:American newspaper reporters and correspondents]]
[[Category:American war correspondents of World War II]]
[[Category:Burials at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Japan]]
[[Category:E. W. Scripps Company people]]
[[Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni]]
[[Category:Journalists from Indiana]]
[[Category:Journalists killed while covering World War II]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Indiana]]
[[Category:People from Vermillion County, Indiana]]
[[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence winners]]
[[Category:Sigma Alpha Epsilon members]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:United States Navy reservists]]
[[Category:United States Navy sailors]]
[[Category:Writers from Indiana]]