Editing Ephrata, Washington

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Ephrata, Washington
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|image_skyline            = Ephrata, WA - Grant County Courthouse.JPG
|imagesize                = 280px
|image_caption            = Grant County Courthouse in Ephrata, pictured in 2008
|image_map                = Grant_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ephrata_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Ephrata, Washington
<!-- Location ----->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Washington (state)|Washington]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Grant County, Washington|Grant]]
<!-- Government ----->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Municipal Codes|url=https://ephrata.org/government/municipal_codes.php|publisher=City of Ephrata|access-date=April 10, 2022}}</ref>
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Bruce Reim<ref>{{cite web|title=City Council|url=https://ephrata.org/government/city_council.php|publisher=City of Ephrata|access-date=April 10, 2022}}</ref>
|established_title        = 
|established_date         = 
<!-- Area ------>
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 27.03
|area_land_km2            = 27.03
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 10.44
|area_land_sq_mi          = 10.44
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
<!-- Population ---->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total         = 8477
|population_density_km2   = 301.00
|population_density_sq_mi = 779.61
|population_est           = 8477
|pop_est_as_of            = 2021
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2021"/>
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|timezone_DST             = PDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|elevation_footnotes      = 
|elevation_m              = 389
|elevation_ft             = 1276
|coordinates              = {{coord|47|19|1|N|119|32|53|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
<!-- Area/postal codes and others -->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 98823
|area_code                = [[Area code 509|509]] 
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 53-22080
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2410450<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410450}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|http://www.ephrata.org/|ephrata.org}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Ephrata''' ({{IPAc-en|iː|ˈ|f|r|eɪ|t|ə}} {{respell|ee|FRAY|tə}}) is a city in and the county seat of [[Grant County, Washington|Grant County]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], United States. Its population was 8,477 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US5322080 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=March 18, 2022}}</ref><ref name="GR6">{{cite web |url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

==History==
Ephrata was officially incorporated on June 21, 1909 and was given the county seat for the newly created Grant County.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ephrata.org/217.html |title=City of Ephrata website |access-date=December 4, 2006 |archive-date=January 10, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110203042/http://www.ephrata.org/217.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The settlement of Ephrata is quite recent. There was no known settlement until 1886, just three years before Washington gained statehood. The horse rancher Frank Beezley was the first to settle near the natural springs, thus the area was known as Beezley Springs. As the climate and topography were not promising to settlement, the entire region remained sparsely populated until several federal congressional actions, including the Northern Pacific Land Grant Act, the [[Homestead Act]], and Desert Claims Act, encouraged the settlement of this [[semi-arid]] desert-like area. Originally, [[Douglas County, Washington|Douglas County]] spread over the entire territory of the Big Bend of the [[Columbia River]]. In 1909, the Washington State legislature divided it, creating Grant County.  When the time came to present arguments to the state legislature regarding which town should be the county seat, someone apparently intentionally intoxicated the representative of a rival community, and Ephrata was chosen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ephrata.org/217.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-12-04 |archive-date=2007-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110203042/http://www.ephrata.org/217.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

It is generally believed that the city was named Ephrata by a man who worked for the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]]. The name Ephrata is derived from a biblical description of an orchard in the middle of the desert. It is also the ancient name for the town of [[Bethlehem]].

The region was known at the turn of the century for the great herds of wild horses that roamed the land. Horse trading was an important element of the local economy, and Ephrata served as the staging area for the horse round-ups. The last "Grand Horse Round-up" was held in Ephrata in 1906. Ephrata then developed as a trade and service center for cattle and sheep ranches in the area until the construction of the Columbia [[Columbia Basin Project|Basin Reclamation Project]].

In 1939, one of the state's longest runways was built at [[Ephrata Municipal Airport]] and served the [[United States Army Air Corps|U.S. Army Air Corps]] until 1945, when the field was turned into a commercial airport.  The airport and hangars were used in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s [[1989 in film|1989]] film ''[[Always (1989 film)|Always]],'' the final movie to feature [[Audrey Hepburn]].

Ephrata was in the national spotlight in a segment on ''[[60 Minutes II]]'' after the 2003 [[murder of Craig Sorger]] by Evan Savoie and Jake Eakin. The two accused were the youngest defendants in state history to be tried as adults.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/07/22/60II/main710981.shtml |title=CBS News {{!}} Boys Next Door |website=www.cbsnews.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050815080046/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/07/22/60II/main710981.shtml |archive-date=August 15, 2005}}</ref>

[[Grant County Public Utility District]] has its headquarters located in Ephrata.

===Columbia Basin Irrigation Project===
{{Main|Columbia Basin Irrigation Project}}

Beginning in July 1918, several prominent Ephrata residents started the promotion of a plan to redirect waters of the [[Columbia River]] in order to irrigate the dry but fertile soils of the Big Bend country. Labeled "The Dam University", Ephrata residents persistently lobbied at the local, state, and federal levels to gather support for the project. Initial funding for the [[Grand Coulee Dam]] was through the [[Public Works Administration]] created under [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s promise of a "[[New Deal]]" in 1933. However, the irrigation waters would not be released as the nation focused on ending World War II during the 1940s. During this era, [[Grand Coulee Dam]]'s main mission was to produce electricity for the [[Hanford Site|Hanford Reservation]] and for aluminum manufacturing, vital to military aircraft production. When the war ended, the Project returned to its original mission, to irrigate the desert.

===Population growth===
The construction of the Irrigation Project and the military activity increased the population of Ephrata by a factor of eight between 1940 and 1960. As the federal projects phased out, the town experienced a population decrease of 22% between 1960 and 1975. The population stabilized between 1975 and 1982, with a slight decrease between 1980 and 1990. The city has seen steady population growth since 1990. The present population is 7,110.

==Geography and climate==

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|10.09|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

Ephrata has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk'').
{{Weather box 
|location = Ephrata, Washington
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 61
|Feb record high F = 65
|Mar record high F = 75
|Apr record high F = 94
|May record high F = 101
|Jun record high F = 116
|Jul record high F = 109
|Aug record high F = 115
|Sep record high F = 106
|Oct record high F = 86
|Nov record high F = 72
|Dec record high F = 63
|year record high F= 116
|Jan high F = 33.9
|Feb high F = 42.1
|Mar high F = 53.1
|Apr high F = 62.8
|May high F = 72.6
|Jun high F = 80.3
|Jul high F = 88.8
|Aug high F = 87.3
|Sep high F = 78.2
|Oct high F = 62.8
|Nov high F = 45.1
|Dec high F = 35.0
|year high F=
|Jan low F = 21.3
|Feb low F = 26.5
|Mar low F = 32.4
|Apr low F = 38.8
|May low F = 47.5
|Jun low F = 55.0
|Jul low F = 61.5
|Aug low F = 59.9
|Sep low F = 51.4
|Oct low F = 40.0
|Nov low F = 30.0
|Dec low F = 23.1
|year low F=
|Jan record low F = −22
|Feb record low F = −24
|Mar record low F = 2
|Apr record low F = 21
|May record low F = 28
|Jun record low F = 33
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 36
|Sep record low F = 28
|Oct record low F = 8
|Nov record low F = −15
|Dec record low F = −21
|year record low F= −24
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.91
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.68
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.68
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.51
|May precipitation inch = 0.60
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.60
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.32
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.23
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.32
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.53
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.98
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.16
|year precipitation inch= 7.53
|Jan snow inch = 5.9
|Feb snow inch =  2.7
|Mar snow inch =  1.0
|Apr snow inch =   0
|May snow inch =   0
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0
|Oct snow inch =   0
|Nov snow inch =  2.2
|Dec snow inch = 6.8
|year snow inch=
|source 1 = Desert Research Institute<ref>[https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa2614  Climate Summary for Ephrata, WA]</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 323
|1920= 628
|1930= 516
|1940= 951
|1950= 4589
|1960= 6548
|1970= 5255
|1980= 5359
|1990= 5349
|2000= 6808
|2010= 7664
|2020= 8477
|estyear=2021
|estimate=8477
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=June 22, 2022|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 22, 2022}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 2, 2013}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]],<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> there were 7,664 people, 2,856 households, and 1,915 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|759.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 3,086 housing units at an average density of {{convert|305.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 84.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.8% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 9.5% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 16.7% of the population.

There were 2,856 households, of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.14.

The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 27.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 23.6% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 6,808 people, 2,561 households, and 1,776 families residing in the city. The population density was 683.0 people per square mile (263.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 2,788 housing units at an average density of 279.7 per square mile (108.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 90.64% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.40% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.71% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.72% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.12% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 5.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.10% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 10.30% of the population.

There were 2,561 households, out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 28.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $35,060, and the median income for a family was $43,500. Males had a median income of $38,571 versus $26,320 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $17,929. About 8.7% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.0% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Schools==

===Elementary schools===
* Columbia Ridge Elementary
* Grant Elementary

===Intermediate schools===
* Parkway Intermediate School

===Middle schools===
* Ephrata Middle School

===Private schools===
* New Life Christian School
* St. Rose Of Lima Catholic School

===High schools===
* Ephrata High School

==Transportation==

Ephrata is bisected by [[Washington State Route 28|State Route 28]], which travels west to [[Wenatchee, Washington|Wenatchee]] and east to [[Soap Lake, Washington|Soap Lake]] and [[Davenport, Washington|Davenport]]. The highway also intersects [[Washington State Route 282|State Route 282]] in Ephrata, which connects to [[Washington State Route 17|State Route 17]] for onward travel towards [[Moses Lake, Washington|Moses Lake]].<ref>{{cite WSDOT map |year=2014 |accessdate=August 29, 2024}}</ref> The city has a public use airport, [[Ephrata Municipal Airport]], that is used for limited cargo operations and general aviation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=R. Hans |date=August 1, 2024 |title=Port of Ephrata moves forward with jet fuel installation |url=https://columbiabasinherald.com/news/2024/aug/01/port-of-ephrata-moves-forward-with-jet-fuel-installation/ |work=Columbia Basin Herald |accessdate=August 29, 2024}}</ref>

The [[BNSF Railway]]'s [[Columbia River Subdivision]] travels through Ephrata and is primarily used for freight.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}} These tracks also carry the ''[[Empire Builder]]'', an [[Amtrak]] passenger train that stops in the city at [[Ephrata station]].<ref name="NYT-Amtrak">{{cite news |last=Rubin |first=Richard |date=August 27, 2024 |title=4,000 Miles, 6 Small Towns: A Whistle-Stop Tour of America |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/27/travel/amtrak-empire-builder-train-small-towns.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 29, 2024}}</ref> The [[Grant Transit Authority]] operates bus service in Ephrata that connects to Soap Lake and Moses Lake.<ref name="NYT-Amtrak"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Schweizer |first=Cheryl |date=November 3, 2016 |title=Grant Transit Authority to celebrate 20th birthday |url=https://columbiabasinherald.com/news/2016/nov/03/grant-transit-authority-to-celebrate-20th-2/ |work=Columbia Basin Herald |accessdate=August 29, 2024}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Danica Dart]], racing driver 
* [[Ken Dow]], professional American football player
* [[Thomas Jesse Drumheller]], lawyer and sheep rancher
* [[Shane Johnson (actor)|Shane Johnson]], actor
* [[Robert K. Preston]], helicopter pilot and perpetrator of [[1974 White House helicopter incident]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Freeze |first=Christopher |date=April 2017 |title=The Time a Stolen Helicopter Landed on the White House Lawn |url=https://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/prestons-wild-white-house-ride-180962400/ |magazine=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Bobby Rich]], radio broadcaster<ref>{{cite news |last=Clarke |first=Olivia |date=January 27, 2003 |title=Morning Radio Voices |page=E1 |work=[[Arizona Daily Star]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46716862/morning-radio-voices/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=March 14, 2020}} {{free access}}</ref>
* [[Craig Sorger]], murder victim<ref>{{cite news |last=Dininny |first=Shannon |date=April 15, 2006 |title=Teenager describes killing of playmate |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2006/apr/15/teenager-describes-killing-of-playmate/ |work=The Spokesman-Review |agency=Associated Press |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Baxter Ward]], TV news anchor<ref>{{cite news |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=February 5, 2002 |title=Obituaries: Baxter Ward, 82; Political Maverick |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-05-me-ward5-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Jim Wickwire]], mountaineer and lawyer<ref>{{cite news |last=Van Sickel |first=Charlie |date=September 13, 1978 |title=No Surprise in Ephrata |page=29 |work=[[Spokane Daily Chronicle]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46717065/no-surprise-in-ephrata/ |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=March 14, 2020}} {{free access}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ephrata.org/ City of Ephrata]
* [http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=9285 History of Ephrata] at [[HistoryLink]]

{{Portal bar|United States}}
{{Grant County, Washington}}
{{Washington (state) county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Cities in Grant County, Washington]]
[[Category:County seats in Washington (state)]]