Editing Emperor Suizei

{{Short description|2nd Emperor of Japan}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name           = Emperor Suizei<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|綏靖天皇}}}}
| succession     = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image          = Suizei thumb 1.jpg
| caption        = Picture of Suizei
| reign          = 581 BC – 549 BC (traditional)<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322210732/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|archivedate=March 22, 2011|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|work=Kunaicho.go.jp|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref>
| coronation     =
| cor-type       = Japan
| predecessor    = [[Emperor Jimmu|Jimmu]]
| successor      = [[Emperor Annei|Annei]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Suizei ({{lang|ja|綏靖天皇}})<br/><br/>[[Posthumous name#Japanese-style shigō|Japanese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Kamu-nunakawamimi no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|神渟名川耳天皇}})
| spouse         = [[Isuzuyori-hime]]
| issue          = [[Emperor Annei]]
| royal house    = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father         = [[Emperor Jimmu]]
| mother         = [[Himetataraisuzu-hime]]
| religion       = [[Shinto]]
| birth_date     = 632 BC<ref name="Henshall">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&q=Suizei+632&pg=PA487|title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945|author=Kenneth Henshall|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2013|page=487|isbn=9780810878723}}</ref>
| birth_place    =
| death_date     = 549 BC (aged 83)
| death_place    =
| burial_place   = {{Nihongo||桃花鳥田丘上陵|''Tsukida no oka no e no misasagi''}} (Kashihara) (legendary)
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Suizei'''|綏靖天皇|Suizei-tennō{{efn|Sometimes romanized as Suisei<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&q=Suizei&pg=PA32|title=''Japan Encyclopedia''|author=[[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2002|page=32|isbn=9780674017535|quote=successor to Suisei Tennō}}</ref>}}}}, also known as {{Nihongo||神沼河耳命|''Kamununakawamimi no Mikoto''}}, was the second [[legend|legendary]] [[emperor of Japan]] according to the traditional [[List of Emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref name="kunaicho">{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/002/index.html|title=綏靖天皇 (2)|work=[[Imperial Household Agency]] (Kunaichō)|language=ja|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Fane">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=Suizei|title=''The Imperial House of Japan''|author=[[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]]|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1959|page=29 & 418}}</ref> Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Suizei is known as a "legendary emperor" among historians as his actual existence is disputed. A legendary account from the ''[[Kojiki]]'' states that Suizei became emperor after receiving the title of [[crown prince]] by his half brother due to his bravery regarding a murder plot. Suizei's reign started in 581 BC, he had one wife and a sole son who supposedly became the [[Emperor Annei|next emperor]] upon his death in 549 BC.

==Legendary narrative== <!--Legendary stories and accounts go in this section-->
While the ''[[Kojiki]]'' provides little information about Suizei, it does state his name, genealogy, and a record about his accession to the throne. He was born sometime in 632 BC, and was one of the sons of [[Emperor Jimmu]] and his chief wife Himetataraisuzu-hime.<ref name="Henshall"/><ref name="Brown 250-251">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Katsuragi|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|pages=250–251|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref> The account in the Kojiki states that Suizei's older brother Kamuyaimimi was originally the Crown-prince. When Jimmu died, another of his sons named [[Tagishimimi]] attempted to seize the throne by murdering those in his way. Tagishimimi was given birth to by a lesser wife named Ahiratsu-hime, and was older than Jimmu's legitimate heir. When Himetataraisuzu-hime learned of the plot she tried in vain to warn her sons by way of songs and poems.<ref name="Motoori2007">{{cite book|author=Norinaga Motoori|title=The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk4EucRlvSwC&pg=PA191|year=2007|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3078-6|page=191}}</ref> While Suizei encouraged Kamuyaimimi to slay Tagishimimi, he could not find it in him to murder his own half brother. Suizei pleaded with his older brother for the weapon he was going to use, and upon receiving it accomplished the deed for him. Kamuyaimimi ceded his rights as crown prince shortly after to Suizei as he believed his braver younger brother should be the new Emperor.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj059.htm|title=''The Kojiki''|author=[[Basil Chamberlain|Chamberlain, Basil]]|publisher=Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882, reprinted in 1919|page=184}}</ref>

Emperor Suizei's pre-ascension name remains unknown, but the ''Kojiki'' records that he ruled from the palace of {{Nihongo||葛城高岡宮|[[Takaoka-no-miya]]}}{{efn|In the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' as {{Nihongo2|葛城高丘宮}}}} at Katsuragi in what would come to be known as [[Yamato Province]].<ref name="Brown 250-251"/> While another more expansive account exists in the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', the section is more steeped in myth. Suizei is conventionally considered to have reigned from 581 to 549 BC.<ref name="Brown 250-251"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3|title=Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|author=[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]]|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|page=3}}</ref> He wed [[Isuzuyori-hime]] at an unknown date, and the two had one son. Emperor Suizei allegedly died in 549 BC and his gravesite is formally named ''Tsukida no oka no e no misasagi''.<ref name="Fane"/> He was succeeded by his only son, ''Prince Shikitsuhikotamatemi'' who became [[Emperor Annei]].

==Known information==
[[File:Tomb of Emperor Suizei, haisho.JPG|thumb|Picture of haisho(配所) of the tomb(Misasagi) of Suizei in [[Kashihara, Nara]].]]
The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html|title=Kofun Culture|author=Kelly, Charles F.|work=www.t-net.ne.jp|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Suizei is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is ranked as the first of [[Nihon Shoki#Kesshi Hachidai|eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shillony|first=Ben-Ami|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OO55DwAAQBAJ&q=most+scholars+agree+jimmu+is+a+myth&pg=PA15|title=The Emperors of Modern Japan|date=2008-10-15|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-4225-7|pages=15|language=en}}</ref>{{efn|Also known as the {{Nihongo|"eight undocumented monarchs"|欠史八代|''Kesshi-hachidai''}}.<ref name="aston">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2|author=[[William George Aston|Aston, William George.]]|publisher=The Japan Society London|date=1896|pages=109, 138–141|isbn=9780524053478}}</ref>}} The name Suizei''-tennō'' was assigned to him [[Posthumous name|posthumously]] by later generations, and literally means "joyfully healthy peace".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog|title=''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era''|author=[[Francis Brinkley|Brinkley, Frank]]|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica Company|year=1915|page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog/page/n33 21]|quote=Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''}}</ref> His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Suizei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial dynasty]] were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''[[Kojiki]]''.<ref name="aston" /> While the actual site of his [[grave (burial)|grave]] is not known, an Imperial ''[[Japanese imperial tombs|misasagi]]'' or tomb for Suizei is currently maintained in [[Kashihara, Nara|Kashihara]].<ref name="kunaicho" /> The first emperor that historians state might have actually existed is [[Emperor Sujin]], the 10th emperor of Japan.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/27/reference/life-in-the-cloudy-imperial-fishbowl/#.UhYzedK-2uI|title=Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl|newspaper=Japan Times|author=Yoshida, Reiji.|date=March 27, 2007|access-date=May 7, 2019}}</ref> Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of [[Emperor Kinmei]]{{efn|The 29th Emperor<ref name="Titsingh pp. 34-36">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon%20o%20dai%20itsi%20ran&pg=PA34|title=Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|author=[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]]|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|pages=34–36}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA261|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|pages=261–262|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref>}} ({{circa|509}}&nbsp;– 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+legend%2C+the+first+Japanese+Emperor+was+Jimmu.+Along+with+the+next+13+Emperors%2C+Jimmu+is+not+considered+an+actual%2C+historical+figure.+Historically+verifiable+Emperors+of+Japan+date+from+the+early+sixth+century+with+Kimmei.|title=''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds''|author=Hoye, Timothy.|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1999|page=78|isbn=9780132712897|quote=According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.}}</ref> The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of [[Emperor Kanmu]]{{efn|Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty}} between 737 and 806 AD.<ref name="aston" />

==Consorts and children==
*Empress: [[Isuzuyori-hime]], [[Kotoshironushi]]'s daughter
**{{Nihongo|Prince Shikitsuhikotamatemi|磯城津彦玉手看尊}}, later [[Emperor Annei]]

{{A genealogical tree based on the Kojiki}}

{{Generations of Jimmu}}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
* [[William George Aston|Aston, William George.]] (1896). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ  ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.''] London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. {{OCLC|448337491}}
* [[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; {{OCLC|251325323}}
* [[Basil Hall Chamberlain|Chamberlain, Basil Hall.]] (1920). [http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/index.htm ''The Kojiki.''] Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919. {{OCLC|1882339}}
* [[Louis-Frédéric|Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]] and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC  ''Japan encyclopedia.''] Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; {{OCLC|58053128}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. {{OCLC|5850691}}
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ  ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.''] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; {{OCLC|59145842}}

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{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Jimmu]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Legendary Emperor of Japan]]|years=581 BC – 549 BC<br>''(traditional dates)''}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Annei]]}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suizei}}
[[Category:Legendary emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:People of Jōmon-period Japan]]
[[Category:Fratricides]]