Editing Emperor Suinin

{{Short description|11th Emperor of Japan}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Suinin<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|垂仁天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Suinin.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 29 BC – 70 (traditional)<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322210732/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|archivedate=March 22, 2011|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|work=Kunaicho.go.jp|access-date=May 28, 2019}}</ref>
| coronation   = 
| cor-type     = Japan
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Sujin|Sujin]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Keikō|Keikō]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Suinin ({{lang|ja|垂仁天皇}})<br/><br/>[[Posthumous name#Japanese-style shigō|Japanese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|活目入彦五十狭茅天皇}})
| spouses      = [[Saho-hime]]<br>{{ill|Hibasu-hime|ja|日葉酢媛命}}
| issue        = [[Emperor Keikō]]
| issue-link   = #Consorts and children
| issue-pipe   = among others...
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Emperor Sujin]]
| mother       = [[Mimaki-hime]]
| religion     = [[Shinto]]
| birth_name   = Ikume ({{lang|ja|活目尊}})
| birth_date   = 69 BC<ref name="Henshall">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&q=Suinin+69&pg=PA487|title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945|author=Kenneth Henshall|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2013|page=487|isbn=9780810878723}}</ref>
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 70 (aged 139)
| death_place  = 
| burial_place = {{Nihongo||菅原伏見東陵|''Sugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi''}} (Nara)
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Suinin'''|垂仁天皇|Suinin-tennō}}, also known as {{Nihongo||活目入彦五十狭茅天皇|''Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto''}} was the 11th [[legend]]ary [[Emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional [[List of Emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref name="kunaicho">{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/011/index.html|title=垂仁天皇 (11)|work=[[Imperial Household Agency]] (Kunaichō)|language=ja|access-date=May 28, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Brown1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Emperor+Suinin|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|page=248 & 253–254|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref> Less is known about ''Suinin'' than his father, and likewise he is also considered to be a "legendary emperor". Both the ''Kojiki'', and the ''Nihon Shoki'' (collectively known as the ''Kiki'') record events that took place during Suinin's alleged lifetime. This legendary narrative tells how he ordered his daughter [[Yamatohime-no-mikoto]] to establish a new permanent shrine for [[Amaterasu]] (the Sun Goddess), which eventually became known as the [[Ise Grand Shrine]]. Other events that were recorded concurrently with his reign include the origins of [[Sumo|Sumo wrestling]] in the form of a wrestling match involving [[Nomi no Sukune]].

Suinin's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 29 BC to AD 70.<ref name="Fane">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=Suinin|title=''The Imperial House of Japan''|author=Ponsonby-Fane, Richard|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1959|page=32|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane}}</ref> During his alleged lifetime, he fathered seventeen children with two chief wives (empress) and six consorts. One of his sons became the [[Emperor Keikō|next emperor]] upon his death in 70 AD, but the location of his father's grave (if any) is unknown. Suinin is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[kofun|tomb]] (''misasagi'') at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, [[Nara City]].

==Legendary narrative==
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Suinin is currently maintained. There remains no conclusive evidence though that supports this historical figure actually reigning.<ref name="aston109 & 167-187"/> The following information available is taken from the [[Pseudohistory|pseudo-historical]] ''[[Kojiki]]'' and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', which are collectively known as {{Nihongo|''Kiki''|記紀}} or ''Japanese chronicles''. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been [[Tall tale|exaggerated and/or distorted]] over time. The records state that Suinin was born sometime in 69 BC, and was the third son of [[Emperor Sujin]].<ref name="Henshall"/><ref name="Brown1"/> Suinin's empress mother was named [[Mimaki-hime]], who is also former [[Emperor Kōgen]]'s daughter. Before he was enthroned sometime in 29 BC, his pre-ascension name was Prince ''Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto''. He appears to have ascended the throne a year before his father's death in 30 BC, and ruled from the palace of {{Nihongo||師木玉垣宮|[[Tamaki-no-miya]]|extra=and in the ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' as {{Nihongo2|纒向珠城宮}}}} at [[Makimuku ruins|Makimuku]] in what later became [[Yamato Province]].

Suinin is best known for events that surround the founding of the [[Ise Grand Shrine]]. The ''Nihon Shoki'' states that around 2,000 years ago the Emperor ordered his daughter [[Yamatohime-no-mikoto]], to find a permanent location to worship the goddess [[Amaterasu]]-ōmikami (the Sun Goddess).<ref name="Fane"/><ref name="Varley 90">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ|title=Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns|author=Varley, H. Paul.|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1980|pages=95–96|author-link=H. Paul Varley|isbn=9780231049405}}</ref> Yamatohime searched for 20 years before settling on a location in [[Ise, Mie|Ise]], where she established [[Ise Grand Shrine|Naiku]],{{efn|The [[Ise Grand Shrine]] is a complex composed of a large number of Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, Naikū (内宮) and Gekū (外宮).}} the Inner Shrine.<ref name="Brown1"/><ref>''The Deep Purple Story of Meiwa (紫紺の語り部)'' (Meiwa Town Office, 2003), p. 3.</ref> She is said to have chosen the location after she heard the voice of Amaterasu say; "(Ise) is a secluded and pleasant land. In this land I wish to dwell." Amaterasu had previously been enshrined and worshipped in Kasanui, which was [[Emperor Sujin#Enshrining Ōmononushi (Miwa Myōjin)|set up]] by Suinin's father in an attempt to alleviate a devastating plaque. The ''Kojiki'' records that during the reign of Emperor Suinin, the first ''[[Saiō]]'' (High Priestess) was appointed for [[Ise Grand Shrine]]. This recording is also noted by ''[[Jien]]'', who was a 13th-century historian and poet.<ref name="Brown1"/> This remains [[Saiō#Origins|disputed]] though, as the [[Man'yōshū]] (The Anthology of Ten Thousand Leaves) states that the first Saiō to serve at Ise was [[Princess Ōku]]. If the latter is true then it would date the Saiō appointments to the reign of [[Emperor Tenmu]] ({{circa|673}}&nbsp;– 686 AD).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtrWDQAAQBAJ&q=Princess+%C5%8Cku+first+Sai%C5%8D&pg=PA14|title=A Social History of the Ise Shrines: Divine Capital|author=[[Mark Teeuwen]], [[John Breen (scholar)|John Breen]]|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2017|pages=14–15|isbn=9781474272810}}</ref>

There were other events during Suinin's reign as well that include an [[Asama Shrine]] tradition regarding [[Mount Fuji]]. The earliest veneration of [[Konohanasakuya-hime]] at the base of the mountain was said to be during the 3rd year of Emperor Suinin's reign.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' p. 458.</ref> The ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' also records a wrestling match in which ''[[Nomi no Sukune]]'' and ''Taima no Kehaya'' held during his era, as the origin of ''Sumai'' ([[Sumo|Sumo wrestling]]). Meanwhile, Emperor Suinin's family grew to  consist of 17 children with eight variously ranked wives. One of his consorts named ''Kaguya-hime-no-Mikoto'', is mentioned in the ''Kojiki'' as a possible basis for the legend of [[Kaguya-hime]] regarding the couple's love story. Emperor Suinin died in 70 AD at the age of 138, and his son Prince ''Ootarashihikoosirowake'' was enthroned as the [[Emperor Keikō|next emperor]] the following year.<ref name="Henshall"/>

==Known information==
[[File:SuininTennoRyo.jpg|thumb|left|Official mausoleum (''misasagi'') of Emperor Suinin, [[Nara Prefecture]]]]
Emperor Suinin is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html|title=Kofun Culture|author=Kelly, Charles F.|work=www.t-net.ne.jp|access-date=May 28, 2019}}</ref> Unlike [[Emperor Sujin]], there is less known about Suinin to possibly support his existence. In either case (fictional or not), the name Suinin''-tennō'' was assigned to him [[Posthumous name|posthumously]] by later generations.<ref name="name">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog|title=''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era''|author=Brinkley, Frank|publisher=Britannica.com |year=1915|page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog/page/n33 21]|quote=Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''|author-link=Francis Brinkley}}</ref> His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Suinin, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial dynasty]] were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''[[Kojiki]]''.<ref name="aston109 & 167-187"/> Suinin's longevity was also written down by later compilers, who may have unrealistically extended his age to fill in time gaps.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Japan/09 Domestic History |volume= 15 |last= Brinkley |first= Francis |author-link= Francis Brinkley | pages = 252&ndash;273; see page 253 }}</ref> While the actual site of Suinin's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[shrine]] (''misasagi'') at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, [[Nara City]]. The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Suinin's [[mausoleum]], and is formally named ''Sugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi''.<ref name="kunaicho"/><ref>Ponsonby-Fane, ''Studies in Shinto,'' p. 418.</ref>

While the [[Ise Grand Shrine]] is traditionally said to have been established in the 1st century BC, other dates in the 3rd and 4th centuries have also been put forward for the establishment of Naikū and Gekū respectively.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&q=Ise+Shrine+4th+century+BC&pg=PA376|title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places|author=Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger|publisher=Routledge|year=2012|isbn=9781136639791}}</ref> The first shrine building at Naikū was allegedly erected by [[Emperor Tenmu]] (678–686), with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife, [[Empress Jitō]], in 692.<ref name="witcombe.sbc.edu">''Sacred Places - Ise Shrine'' http://witcombe.sbc.edu/sacredplaces/ise.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126053720/http://witcombe.sbc.edu/sacredplaces/ise.html |date=2021-01-26 }}</ref> Outside of the Kiki, the reign of [[Emperor Kinmei]]{{efn|The 29th Emperor<ref name="Titsingh pp. 34-36">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon%20o%20dai%20itsi%20ran&pg=PA34|title=Nihon Ōdai Ichiran|author=Titsingh, Isaac.|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|pages=34–36|author-link=Isaac Titsingh}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA261|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|pages=261–262|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref>}} ({{circa|509}}&nbsp;– 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+legend%2C+the+first+Japanese+Emperor+was+Jimmu.+Along+with+the+next+13+Emperors%2C+Jimmu+is+not+considered+an+actual%2C+historical+figure.+Historically+verifiable+Emperors+of+Japan+date+from+the+early+sixth+century+with+Kimmei.|title=''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds''|author=Hoye, Timothy.|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1999|page=78|quote=According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.|isbn=9780132712897}}</ref> The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of [[Emperor Kanmu]]{{efn|Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty}} between 737 and 806 AD.<ref name="aston109 & 167-187">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2|author=Aston, William George.|publisher=The Japan Society London|date=1896|page=109 & 167–187|isbn=9780524053478 |author-link=William George Aston}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Consorts and children==  <!--For consistency, no birth or death are included in the table as some figures have more biographical information than others.-->
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2019}}

Emperor Suinin had two chief wives (aka Empress), it is recorded in the Kiki that the first empress was named Saho. Not much is known about her other than that her father was [[Emperor Kaika]]'s son and she allegedly died sometime in 34 AD. As with the first empress there is also not much known about Suinin's second chief wife Hibasu. She was the daughter Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi, who was Prince Hikoimasu's son and [[Emperor Kaika]]'s grandson. Hibasu's third son later became known as [[Emperor Keikō]] (the next emperor), she allegedly died sometime in 61 AD. Suinin also had six named consorts with an additional one remaining unknown. Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi (previously mentioned), was also the father to three of Suinin's consorts. In all the Emperor's family consisted of 17 children with these variously ranked wives.

===Spouse===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position|| Name || Father || Issue 
|-
| Empress (1st) || {{Nihongo|[[Saho-hime]]|狭穂姫命}}|| Prince Hikoimasu || {{*}} First Son: {{Nihongo|Prince Homutsuwake|誉津別命}} 
|-
| Empress (2nd) || {{Nihongo|{{ill|Hibasu-hime|ja|日葉酢媛命}}|日葉酢媛命}}|| Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi || {{*}} {{Nihongo|{{ill|Prince Inishiki|lt=Prince Inishikiirihiko|ja|五十瓊敷入彦命}}|五十瓊敷入彦命}}<br>{{*}} Third Son: {{Nihongo|[[Emperor Keikō|Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake]]|大足彦忍代別尊}}<br>{{*}} {{Nihongo|Princess Oonakatsu-hime|大中姫命}}<br>{{*}} {{Nihongo|Princess [[Yamatohime-no-mikoto|Yamato-hime]]|倭姫命}}{{efn|name=fn3|Yamato is said to have established [[Ise Grand Shrine]] where the Sun Goddess, [[Amaterasu Omikami]] is enshrined. It remains unverified and up for debate if she was the first [[Saiō]] (high priestess) as alternate theories exist .}}<br>{{*}} {{Nihongo|Prince Wakakiniirihiko|稚城瓊入彦命}}
|}

===Concubines===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name || Father || class="unsortable"| Issue 
|-
| {{Nihongo|Nubataniiri-hime|渟葉田瓊入媛}} || Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Nuteshiwake|鐸石別命}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Ikatarashi-hime|胆香足姫命}}
|-
| {{Nihongo|Matono-hime|真砥野媛}} || Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi || {{n/a}}
|-
| {{Nihongo|Azaminiiri-hime|薊瓊入媛}} || Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Ikohayawake|息速別命}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Wakaasatsu-hime|稚浅津姫命}}
|-
| {{Nihongo|Kaguya-hime|迦具夜比売}}|| Prince Ootsutsukitarine || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Onabe|袁那弁王}}
|-
| {{Nihongo|Kanihatatobe|綺戸辺}} || Yamashiro no Ookuni no Fuchi || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Iwatsukuwake|磐撞別命}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Futajiiri-hime|両道入姫命}}
|-
| {{Nihongo|Karihatatobe|苅幡戸辺}} || Yamashiro no Ookuni no Fuchi || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Oochiwake|祖別命}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Ikatarashihiko|五十日足彦命}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Itakeruwake|胆武別命}}
|-
| {{unknown}} || {{n/a}} || {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Tuburame|円目王}}
|}

===Issue===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Status || Name || Mother || class="unsortable"| Comments
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Homutsuwake|誉津別命}} || Saho-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|{{ill|Prince Inishiki|lt=Inishikiirihiko|ja|五十瓊敷入彦命}}|五十瓊敷入彦命}} || Hibasu-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Ootarashihikoosirowake|大足彦忍代別尊}} || Hibasu-hime || Later known as [[Emperor Keikō]]
|-
| Princess || {{Nihongo|Oonakatsu-hime|大中姫命}} || Hibasu-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Princess || {{Nihongo|[[Yamatohime-no-mikoto|Yamato-hime]]|倭姫命}} || Hibasu-hime || Possibly the first [[Saiō]].{{efn|name=fn3}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Wakakiniirihiko|稚城瓊入彦命}} || Hibasu-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Nuteshiwake|鐸石別命}} || Nubataniiri-hime || Ancestor of the Wake clan ([[Wake no Kiyomaro]]).
|-
| Princess || {{Nihongo|Ikatarashi-hime|胆香足姫命}} || Nubataniiri-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Ikohayawake|息速別命}} || Azaminiiri-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Princess || {{Nihongo|Wakaasatsu-hime|稚浅津姫命}} || Azaminiiri-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Onabe|袁那弁王}} || Kaguya-hime || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Iwatsukuwake|磐撞別命}} || Kanihatatobe || Ancestor of the Mio clan (三尾氏), and maternal ancestor of [[Emperor Keitai]].
|-
| Princess || {{Nihongo|{{ill|Futajiiri-hime|ja|両道入姫命}}|両道入姫命}}|| Kanihatatobe || Later married [[Yamato Takeru|Prince Ōsu]], was the mother of [[Emperor Chūai]].
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Oochiwake|祖別命}} || Karihatatobe || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|{{ill |Ikatarashihiko |ja|五十日足彦命|vertical-align=sup}}|五十日足彦命}} || Karihatatobe || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Itakeruwake|胆武別命}} || Karihatatobe || {{n/a}}
|-
| Prince || {{Nihongo|Tuburame|円目王}} || {{unknown}} || {{n/a}}
|}

==Family tree==
{{Generations of Jimmu}}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist|1}}

==Further reading==
* [[William George Aston|Aston, William George.]] (1896). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ  ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697''.] London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. {{OCLC|448337491}}
* [[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; {{OCLC|251325323}}
* [[Basil Hall Chamberlain|Chamberlain, Basil Hall.]] (1920). [http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/index.htm ''The Kojiki''.] Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882; reprinted, May, 1919. {{OCLC|1882339}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan''.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* ____________. (1962).  [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|3994492}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.]  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. {{OCLC|5850691}}
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ  ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns''.] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; {{OCLC|59145842}}

==External links==
*[https://archive.today/20120629183132/http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/naigu/naigu.htm Ise Shrine - Naiku, official website]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Sujin]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Legendary Emperor of Japan]]|years=29 BC – 70<br>''(traditional dates)''}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Keikō]]}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suinin}}
[[Category:Legendary emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1st-century BC legendary monarchs]]
[[Category:People of Yayoi-period Japan]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:1st-century Japanese monarchs]]