Editing Emperor Shōkō

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan from 1412 to 1428}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Emperor Shōkō<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|称光天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Shōkō by Kōtarō Miyake.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = October 5, 1412 – August 30, 1428
| coronation   = January 29, 1415
| cor-type     = Japan
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Go-Komatsu|Go-Komatsu]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Go-Hanazono|Go-Hanazono]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Tsuigō|''Tsuigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Shōkō ({{lang|ja|称光院}} or {{lang|ja|称光天皇}})
| reg-type     = ''[[Shōgun]]''
| regent       = [[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]]<br>[[Ashikaga Yoshikazu]]
| issue        = 2 daughters
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]
| mother       = {{ill|Hinonishi Sukeko|ja|日野西資子|vertical-align=sup}}
| birth_date   = May 12, 1401
| birth_name   = {{nihongo|Mihito|躬仁 / 実仁}}
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1428|8|30|1401|5|12|mf=yes}}
| death_place  = 
| place of burial = ''Fukakusa no kita no Misasagi'' (深草北陵) (Kyoto)
| signature    = [[File:Emperor Shoko kao.jpg|50px]]|
}}

{{nihongo|'''Emperor Shōkō'''|称光天皇|Shōkō-tennō|May 12, 1401 – August 30, 1428}} was the 101st [[emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional order of succession.<ref name="kunaicho">[[Imperial Household Agency]] (''Kunaichō''): [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/101/index.html 称光天皇 (101)]; retrieved 2013-8-28.</ref>  His reign spanned the years from [[Muromachi period|1412 through 1428]].<ref>[[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25 ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 327–331].</ref>

==Genealogy==
His personal name was Mihito (initially written as 躬仁, and later written as 実仁).
He was the eldest son of [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]].  His mother was Hinonishi Motoko (日野西資子), daughter of Hino Sukekuni (日野資国).  He had no children of his own, and was succeeded by his third cousin, [[Emperor Go-Hanazono]], great-grandson of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Pretender]] [[Emperor Sukō]].

The name "''Shōkō''" (称光) was formed by taking one ''[[kanji]]'' from the names of the 48th and 49th imperial rulers [[Empress Kōken|Empress Shōtoku]] (称徳) and [[Emperor Kōnin]] (光仁).

::::::[[Empress Koken|Empress Shōtoku]] (称徳)
::::::::: ↓
::::::: "''Shōkō''" (称光)
::::::::::↑
::::::[[Emperor Kōnin]] (光仁)

===Issue===
*Lady-in-waiting: Fujiwara (Hino) Mitsuko (藤原（日野）光子), Hino Katsumitsu’s daughter
*Naishi: Minamoto (Itsutsuji) Tomoko (源（五辻）朝子), Itsutsuji Tomonaka’s daughter
**daughter: (b.1418)
*Naishi: Takakura Nagafuji’s daughter
*Court Lady: Iyo no Tsubone (伊予局), Jimyoin Motochika’s daughter
**daughter: (b.1426)
*Court Lady: Kii no Tsubone (紀伊局), Kamo Tomo’s daughter

==Events of Shōkō's life==
He reigned from October 5, 1412 until his death on August 30, 1428.

Shōkō became emperor upon the abdication of his father,  Go-Komatsu in ''Ōei'' 18, in the 10th month (October 5, 1412).  His actual coronation date was two years later.<ref name="t327">Titsingh, p. 327.</ref>

The "retired" [[Go-Komatsu]] ruled as a [[cloistered rule|Cloistered Emperor]] during Shōkō's reign.

Shōkō was connected to [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] and the [[Hino Motors|Hino]] clan through his mother's side.

Shōkō''-tennō'' was only 12 years old when he assumed the role of formal head of the ''[[Heian Palace|Daïri]]''; but "[[Go-Komatsu]]''-in''" had direction of the court [and] the Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]] was charged with the general superintendence of affairs."<ref name="t327"/>

* '''October 5, 1412''' (''Ōei 18, on the 18th day of the 9th month''): Emperor Shōkō was made the new sovereign upon the abdication of his father, [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received.<ref name="t330_v44">Titsingh, p. 330.</ref>

Shōkō was only 12 years old when he began living in the [[Heian Palace|daïri]]; but Go-Komatsu, as a [[cloistered rule|Cloistered Emperor]] still retained direction of the court and the Shōgun was charged with the general superintendence of affairs.<ref>Titsingh, p. 326–327; [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]]. (1959). ''The Imperial Family of Japan,'' pp. 105–106.</ref>
* '''1413''' (''Ōei 20''): Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]] fell ill, and so he sent an ambassador to the [[Ise Shrine]] to pray for the return of his health.<ref>Titsingh, p. 328.</ref>
* '''January 29, 1415''' (''Ōei 21, on the 19th day of the 12th month''): Enthronement of Emperor Shōkō was two years after the ''senso'' was received.  At this point, Emperor Shōkō is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).<ref name="t330_v44"/>
* '''1418''' (''Ōei 25''): Ashikaga Yoshimochi ordered [[Asama Shrine]], at the base of [[Mount Fuji]] in [[Suruga province]], to be re-built.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962).  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' pp. 461–462.</ref>
* '''July 18, 1419''' (''Ōei 26, on the 26th day of the 6th month''): [[Oei Invasion]]. [[Korea]] invaded [[Tsushima Province]].
* '''1423''' (''Ōei 30, 2nd month''): Shōgun Yoshimochi retired in favor of his son, [[Ashikaga Yoshikatsu]], who was 17 years old.<ref>Titsingh, p. 329.</ref>
* '''March 17, 1425''' (''Ōei 32, on the 27th day of the 2nd month''): Shōgun Yoshikatsu died at the age of 19 years, having administered the empire for only three years.<ref name="t330_v44"/>
* '''February 3, 1428''' (''Shōchō 1, 18th day of the 1st month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正長一年一月十八日 -->: Shōgun [[Ashikaga Yoshimochi]], having taken power again after the death of his son, died himself at the age of 43.<ref>Titsingh, pp. 330–331.</ref>
* '''August 30, 1428''' (''Shōchō 1, 20th day of the 7th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正長一年七月二十日  -->: Emperor Shōkō died at the age of 27.<ref>Titsingh, p. 331.</ref>''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]'' suggests a cause of death by explaining: ''"Ce prince, s'occupait de magie et du culte de démons, mens une vie pure, et observa rigoureusement l'abstinence et le jeùne."'' ("This prince, who occupied himself with magic and the cult of demons, led a pure life, and rigorously observed abstinence and fasting.")<ref>Titsingh, p. 331; n.b. also, " 法魔 (''Muo-fa''), or the science of demons, is the name the Chinese and the Japanese give to a specific "magic" discipline.  Those who follow its rigorous regime of practice abandon all relationships with women.  They are persuaded that by guarding their purity to focus attention, they can execute their magic arts with precision and success."</ref>

Shōkō had no heirs of his own; and for this reason, [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]] selected Shōkō's third cousin for Shōkō to adopt as heir.  This cousin would accede to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]] at age 10 as [[Emperor Go-Hanazono]] on September 7, 1428 (''Shōchō 1, 29th day of the 7th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 正長一年八月二十日 -->: [[Emperor Go-Hanazono]] accedes to the throne at age 10.<ref>Titsingh, p. 331–332.</ref>

He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb at Fukakusa no kita no ''Misasagi'' (深草北陵) in [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto]].

===Kugyō===
''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time.  These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.  During Shōkō's reign, this apex of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included: 
* ''[[Sadaijin]]''
* ''[[Udaijin]]''
* ''[[Nadaijin]]''
* ''[[Dainagon]]''

==Eras of Shōkō's reign==
The years of Shōkō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref name="t327"/>
* ''[[Ōei]]''  (1394–1428)
* ''[[Shōchō]]''  (1428–1429)

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist|1}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* ___________. (1962). [https://books.google.com/books?id=eS8vAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines  ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|3994492}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
{{Refend}}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Emperor of Japan]]:<br>Shōkō|years=1412–1428}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Go-Hanazono]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Emperors of Japan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shoko, Emperor}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1401 births]]
[[Category:1428 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]