Editing Emperor Juntoku

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan (r. 1210–1221)}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Juntoku<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|順徳天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Juntoku large.jpg
| caption      = Juntoku, ''[[Tenshi Sekkan Miei]]'' (15th century)
| reign        = 12 December 1210 – 13 May 1221
| coronation   = 14 January 1211
| cor-type     = Japan
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Tsuchimikado|Tsuchimikado]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Chūkyō|Chūkyō]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Juntoku ({{lang|ja|順徳院}} or {{lang|ja|順徳天皇}})
| reg-type     = ''[[Shōgun]]''
| regent       = [[Minamoto no Sanetomo]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Ritsushi]]|1211}}
| issue        = [[Emperor Chūkyō]]
| issue-link   = #Genealogy
| issue-pipe   = more...
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Emperor Go-Toba]]
| mother       = Fujiwara no Shigeko
| birth_date   = 22 October 1197
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1242|10|7|1197|10|22|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Sado Island]], [[Kamakura shogunate]]
| place of burial = Ōhara no ''Misasagi'' (大原陵) (Kyoto)|
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Juntoku'''|順徳天皇|Juntoku-tennō}} (22 October 1197 – 7 October 1242) was the 84th [[emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221, a part of Japan's [[Kamakura period|Kamakura Period]].<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 230–238; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 341–343; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' pp. 221–223.</ref>

==Genealogy==
Before his ascension to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]], his personal name (his ''imina'')<ref>Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of [[Emperor Jomei]], the personal names of the emperors (their ''imina'') were very long and people did not generally use them.  The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> was {{Nihongo| Morinari''-shinnō'' |守成親王}}.<ref>Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341; Varley, p. 221.</ref>

He was the third son of [[Emperor Go-Toba]].  His mother was Shigeko (重子), the daughter of Fujiwara Hanki (藤原範季)
*Empress (''chūgū''): Kujō [[Fujiwara no Ritsushi]] (?) (九条（藤原）立子) later Higashiichijō-in (東一条院), [[Kujo Yoshitsune]]'s daughter
**Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taiko (諦子内親王; 1217–1243) later Gekgimon'in (明義門院)
**Third son: Imperial Prince Kanenari (懐成親王) later [[Emperor Chūkyō]]
*Lady-in-waiting: Toku-Naishi (督典侍), Fujiwara Norimitsu's Daughter
**Fourth son: Prince Hikonari (彦成王; 1219–1286)
**Sixth son: Imperial Prince Yoshimune (善統親王; 1233–1317)
*Consort: Fujiwara Noriko (藤原位子), Bomon Nobukiyo's daughter 
** First Daughter: Imperial Princess Jōko (穠子内親王; 1216-1279）later Eianmon'in（永安門院)
*Consort: Fujiwara Kiyotaka's Daughter
** First Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonkaku (尊覚法親王; 1215–1264)
** Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kaku'e (覚恵法親王; b.1217)
** Fifth son: Prince Iwakura no Miya Tadanari (岩倉宮忠成王; 1222–1279)
* Consort: Saishō-no-Tsubone (宰相局), Priest's daughter
** Son: [[Kangan Giin]]
*Mother unknown:
** Daughter: Princess Yoshiko (慶子女王; 1225-1286）
** Daughter: Princess Tadako (忠子女王; 1232-1249）
** Son: Prince Chitose (千歳宮; 1237-1254）

==Events of Juntoku's life==
Morinari-shinnō became [[Crown Prince]] in 1200. He was elevated to the throne after [[Emperor Go-Toba]] pressured [[Emperor Tsuchimikado]] into abdicating.

* '''12 December 1210''' (''[[Jōgen (Kamakura period)|Jōgen]] 1, 25th day of the 11th month''): In the 12th year of Tsuchimikado''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (土御門天皇十二年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his younger brother, the second son of the former-Emperor Go-Toba.  Shortly thereafter, Emperor Juntoku is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341; Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>

In actuality, Emperor Go-Toba wielded effective power as a [[Cloistered rule|cloistered emperor]] during the years of Juntoku's reign.

In 1221, he was forced to abdicate because of his participation in Go-Toba's unsuccessful attempt to displace the [[Kamakura shogunate|Kamakura bakufu]] with re-asserted Imperial power.  This political and military struggle was called the [[Jōkyū War]] or the Jōkyū Incident (''Jōkyū-no ran'').

[[File:JuntokuGotobaTennoRyo.jpg|200px|thumb|Imperial tomb of Emperor Juntoku and Emperor Go-Toba, Kyoto]]
After the ''Jōkyū-no ran'', Juntoku was sent into exile on [[Sado Island]] (佐渡島 or 佐渡ヶ島, both ''Sadogashima''), where he remained until his death in 1242.<ref name="bornoff2005">Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). ''National Geographic Traveler Japan,'' p. 193.</ref>

This emperor is known posthumously as Sado-no In (佐渡院) because his last years were spent at Sado. He was buried in a mausoleum,  the [[Mano Goryo]],  on Sado's west coast.<ref name="bornoff2005"/>  Juntoku's official Imperial tomb (''misasagi'') is in Kyoto.

Juntoku was tutored in poetry by [[Fujiwara no Sadaie]], who was also known as [[Fujiwara no Teika|Teika]].  One of the emperor's poems was selected for inclusion in what became a well-known anthology, the [[Ogura Hyakunin Isshu]].  This literary legacy in Teika's collection of poems has accorded Juntoku a continuing popular prominence beyond the scope of his other lifetime achievements.  The poets and poems of the Hyakunin isshu form the basis for a card game (''[[uta karuta]]'') which is still widely played today.<ref>Mostow, Joshua, ed. (1996). ''Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image,'' p. 437.</ref>

===''Kugyō''===
''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time.  These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.  During juntoku's reign, this apex of the  ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* ''[[Kampaku]]'', [[Konoe Iezane]], d. 1242.<ref>Brown, p. 341.</ref>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]''
* ''[[Udaijin]]''
* ''[[Nadaijin]]''
* ''[[Dainagon]]''

==Eras of Juntoku's reign==
{{Commons category|Emperor Juntoku}}
The years of Juntoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref>Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341.</ref>
* ''[[Jōgen (Kamakura period)|Jōgen]]''       (1207–1211)
* ''[[Kenryaku]]''          (1211–1213)
* ''[[Kempo (era)|Kempō]]'' (1213–1219)
* ''[[Jōkyū]]''       (1219–1222)

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
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|ref=<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp084|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=30 April 2010 |access-date=10 January 2021|language=ja}}</ref>
|1= 1. '''Emperor Juntoku'''
|2= 2. [[Emperor Go-Toba]] (1180-1239)
|3= 3. [[:ja:藤原重子|Fujiwara no Shigeko]] (1182-1264)
|4= 4. [[Emperor Takakura]] (1161-1181)
|5= 5. [[Shichijō-in]] (Fujiwara no Shokushi) (1157-1228)
|6= 6. [[:ja:藤原範季|Fujiwara no Norisue]] (1130-1205)
|7= 7. [[:ja:平教子|Taira no Noriko]]
|8= 8. [[Emperor Go-Shirakawa]] (1127-1192)
|9= 9. [[:ja:平滋子|Taira no Shigeko]] (1142-1176)
|10=10. [[:ja:藤原信隆|Bōmon (Fujiwara no) Nobutaka]] (1126-1179)
|11=11. Fujiwara no Kyūshi
|12=12. Fujiwara no Yoshikane (1086-1139)
|13=13. Takashina
|14=14. [[Taira no Norimori]] (1128-1185)
|15=   
}}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). ''National Geographic Traveler Japan.'' Washington, D.C.: [[National Geographic Society]].
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ [[Jien]], c. 1220], ''[[Gukanshō]]'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=2KOxHQAACAAJ&q=The+Future+and+the+Past,+a+translation+and+study+of+the+Gukansh%C5%8D,+an+interpretative+history+of+Japan+written+in+1219 ''The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219'']). Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|0-520-03460-0}}
* Mostow, Joshua S., ed. (1996). ''Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image.'' Honolulu: [[University of Hawaii Press]]. {{ISBN|0-8248-1705-2}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley]], H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], 1359], ''[[Jinnō Shōtōki]]''  (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ&q=A+Chronicle+of+Gods+and+Sovereigns:+Jinn%C5%8D+Sh%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dki+of+Kitabatake+Chikafusa  A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki].'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-231-04940-4}}
{{Refend}}

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{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Tsuchimikado]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Emperor of Japan]]:<br>Juntoku|years=1210–1221}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Chūkyō]]}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Juntoku}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1197 births]]
[[Category:1242 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Kamakura-period Japan|Emperor Juntoku]]
[[Category:1210s in Japan|Emperor Juntoku]]
[[Category:1220s in Japan|Emperor Juntoku]]
[[Category:13th-century Japanese poets]]
[[Category:13th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Hyakunin Isshu poets]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]