Editing Emperor Junnin

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Emperor Junnin<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|淳仁天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Junnin.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 758–764
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = [[Empress Kōken|Kōken]]
| successor    = [[Empress Kōken|Shōtoku]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Junnin ({{lang|ja|淳仁天皇}})
| issue        = Princess Abe
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Prince Toneri]]
| mother       = Tagima no Yamashiro
| birth_name   = Ōi ({{lang|ja|大炊}})
| birth_date   = 733
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|765|11|10|733}}
| death_place  = [[Awaji Island]] ([[Hyōgo Prefecture|Hyōgo]])
| burial_place = ''Awaji no misasagi'' (淡路陵) (Hyōgo)|
}}

{{nihongo|'''Emperor Junnin'''|淳仁天皇|Junnin-[[tennō]]|733 – November 10, 765}} was the 47th [[emperor]] of [[Japan]],<ref name="kunaicho">[[Imperial Household Agency]] (''Kunaichō''): [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/047/index.html  淳仁天皇 (47)]</ref> according to the traditional [[List of Emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 59.</ref> The seventh son of [[Prince Toneri]] and a grandson of [[Emperor Tenmu]], his reign spanned the years [[Nara period|758 to 764]].<ref>Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', p. 275; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. pp. 143–144; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 75–78.|page=75}}</ref>

==Traditional narrative==
Before his ascension to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne|throne]], his name (''[[imina]]'')<ref>Brown, pp. 264; prior to [[Emperor Jomei]], the personal names of the emperors were very long, and people did not generally use them.  The number of characters in each name decreased after Jomei's reign.</ref> was Ōi-no-ō.<ref>Brown, p. 275, Varley, p. 143.</ref> He was the seventh son of [[Prince Toneri of Japan|Prince Toneri]], a son of [[Emperor Tenmu]].<ref name="b275">Brown, p. 275.</ref> And although his father died when he was three, he was not given any rank or office at the court. After the forced abdication he received the newer rank, thus addressed Ōi''-shinnō''. In the older Japanese documents, he is usually referred to as Haitai (廃帝), the dethroned emperor.  The [[posthumous name]] of Emperor Junnin was given by [[Emperor Meiji]] a thousand years later.

===Ascension and reign===
In 757 the [[Empress Kōken]], his third cousin appointed him to be her [[crown prince]] instead of Prince Funado, who had been appointed to this position in the will of the [[Emperor Shōmu]]. In the tenth year of Kōken''-tennō''{{'}}s reign ({{lang|ja|称徳天皇十年}}), on December 7, 758 (''[[Tenpyō-shōhō]] 2, 1st day of the 8th month'')<!-- [http://web.me.com/meyer.eva/www.yukikurete.de/nengo_calc.htm  NengoCalc] 天平宝字二年八月一日 -->, the empress abdicated and the succession (''senso'') passed to her adopted son. Shortly afterwards, Emperor Junnin is said to have ascended to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 75; Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 44, 144; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] achieved ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year, until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref> In 760 (''[[Tenpyō-hōji]] 4''), additional coins were put into  circulation—copper coins bearing the words ''Mannen Ten-hō'', silver coins bearing the words ''Teihei Genhō'', and gold coins bearing the words ''Kaiki Shōhō''.<ref>Appert, Georges ''et al.'' (1888). ''Ancien japon,'' pp. 29–30.</ref>

The years of Junnin's reign, 758–765, are more specifically encompassed within a single [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]'', <ref>Titsingh, p. 75.</ref>''[[Tenpyō-hōji]]''. Junnin seemingly had very little power and was possibly a mere figurehead. In 764, six years after Empress Kōken had abdicated, the former empress reclaimed the throne during [[Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion|Fujiwara no Nakamaro's Rebellion]], forcing Junnin to abdicate.

===Death and mausoleum===
On November 10, 765 (''[[Tenpyō-jingo]] 1, 23rd day of the 10th month''),<!-- 天平神護一年十月二十三日 --> the former emperor died while in exile. The official cause of death was illness, but according to one theory, it was the assassination by the order of [[Emperor Koken|Emperor Shōtoku]]. The site of Junnin's actual [[grave (burial)|grave]] is unknown,<ref name="kunaicho"/> and he is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[shrine]] (''misasagi'') at Awaji. The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Junnin's [[mausoleum]]: It is formally named ''Awaji no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref>

Though Junnin had, technically, been emperor, he was not featured on the official [[List of Japanese Emperors]] until the late nineteenth century. In 1870, [[Emperor Meiji]] conferred the posthumous name and title by which Emperor Junnin is now known.  His place in the traditional order of succession was confirmed at the same time as announcements about [[Emperor Kōbun]] and [[Emperor Chūkyō]] were made public.

==Kugyō==
{{nihongo|''[[Kugyō]]''|公卿}} is a collective term for the few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras. In general, this elite group included only three or four men at a time, and they were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of their careers.  During Junnin's reign, the ranks of this group of ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* Taishi ([[Daijō-daijin]]): Fujiwara Oshikatsu, also known as Emi no Oshikatsu (恵美押勝) (formerly [[Fujiwara no Nakamaro]]) (藤原仲麻呂).<ref name = "b275"/>
* Taiho ([[Udaijin]]): Fujiwara Oshikatsu.<ref name = "b275"/>
* [[Sadaijin]]:, [[Fujiwara no Toyonari]] (藤原豊成).<ref name = "b275"/>
* [[Udaijin]],  Fujiwara no Toyonari (藤原豊成).<ref name="b275"/>
* [[Naidaijin]] (not appointed)
* [[Dainagon]]

==Consorts and children==
Consort: Awata no Morone (粟田諸姉), widow of Fujiwara no Mayori, the first son of [[Fujiwara no Nakamaro]]

By Unknown woman:
* Daughter: Imperial Princess Abe (安倍内親王) married Prince Isobe

==Ancestry==
<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6#emp047|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=27 January 2018|language=ja}}</ref>
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Emperor Junnin'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Toneri]] 
|3= 3. Tagima no Yamashiro 
|4= 4. [[Emperor Tenmu]] (c. 631–686)
|5= 5. [[Princess Niitabe]] (d. 699)
|6= 6. Tagima no Rō
|7=  
|8= 8. [[Emperor Jomei]] (593–641) 
|9= 9. [[Empress Kōgyoku|Empress Kōgyoku/Empress Saimei]] (594–661)
|10=10.[[Emperor Tenji]] (626–672)
|11=11. [[:ja:橘娘|Abe no Tachibana-no-iratsume]] (d. 681)
|12= 
|13= 
|14=
|15=
}}

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Appert, Georges and Hiroji Kinoshita. (1888). [https://books.google.com/books?id=4ngLAAAAIAAJ  ''Ancien japon.'']  Tokyo: Kokubunsha. {{OCLC|4429674}}
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}};  {{OCLC|251325323}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.  {{OCLC|5850691}}
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ  ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.''] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}};  {{OCLC|59145842}}

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]
* [[Japanese empresses]]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Empress Kōken]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[Emperor of Japan]] '''Junnin'''|years=758–764}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Empress Kōken|Empress Shōtoku]]}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Junnin}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:733 births]]
[[Category:765 deaths]]
[[Category:8th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Dethroned monarchs]]