Editing Emperor Jomei

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Emperor Jomei<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|舒明天皇}}}}
| title        = [[Okimi|Great King of Yamato]]
| image        = Emperor Jomei.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 629–641
| coronation   = 
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| predecessor  = [[Empress Suiko|Suiko]]
| successor    = [[Empress Kōgyoku|Kōgyoku]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Jomei ({{lang|ja|舒明天皇}})<br/><br/>[[Posthumous name#Japanese-style shigō|Japanese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Okinagatarashihihironuka no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|息長足日広額天皇}})
| spouse       = Takara (later [[Empress Kōgyoku]])
| issue        = {{plainlist|
* [[Emperor Tenji]]
* [[Emperor Tenmu]]
* [[Princess Hashihito]]
* Prince Furuhito-no-Ōe
* Princess Nunoshiki
* Princess Oshisaka-no-watamuki
* Princess Yata
* Prince Kaya
}}
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = {{ill|Prince Oshisako-no-hikohito-no-Ōe|ja|押坂彦人大兄皇子|vertical-align=sup}}
| mother       = Princess Nukate-hime
| birth_name   = Tamura ({{lang|ja|田村}})
| birth_date   = 17 April 593
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 17 November  641 (aged 48)
| death_place  = ''Kudara no Miya''|
| place of burial = ''Osaka no uchi no misasagi''  (Nara)|
}}
{{nihongo|'''Emperor Jomei'''|舒明天皇|Jomei-[[tennō]]|April 17, 593 – November 17, 641}} was the 34th [[emperor]] of [[Japan]],<ref name="kunaicho">Kunaichō: [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/034/index.html  斉明天皇 (34)]</ref> according to the traditional [[List of Emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 48.</ref>

Jomei's reign spanned the years from [[Asuka period|629 through 641]].<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 42–43|page=42}}; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp.263; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. p. 129–130.</ref>

==Traditional narrative==
Before Jomei's ascension to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]], his personal name (''[[imina]]'') was {{nihongo|Tamura|田村}} or {{nihongo|Prince Tamura|田村皇子|Tamura-no-Ōji}}.<ref>Brown, p. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their ''imina'') were very long and people did not generally use them.  The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> As emperor, his name would have been ''Okinagatarashihi Hironuka Sumeramikoto'' (息長足日広額天皇).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nihonsinwa.com/page/1941.html|title=舒明天皇（一）出自について}}</ref>

He was a grandson of [[Emperor Bidatsu]], both paternally and maternally. His father was Prince Oshisakanohikohito-no-Ōe, his mother was Princess Nukate-hime, who was a younger sister of his father.<ref>Varley, p. 129.</ref>

==Events in Jomei's reign==
He succeeded his great aunt, [[Empress Suiko]]. Suiko did not make it clear who was to succeed her after her death. Before her death in 629, she called Tamura and [[Prince Shōtoku]]'s son, [[Prince Yamashiro|Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe]], and gave some brief advice to each of them. After her death the court was divided into two factions, each supporting one of the princes for the throne. [[Soga no Emishi]], the head of [[Soga clan]], supported Tamura. He claimed that Empress Suiko's last words suggested her desire that Tamura succeed her to the throne. Scholars then construed that the succession (''senso'')<ref>Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref> was received by Tamura.<ref name="v130">Varley, p. 130.</ref> Shortly thereafter, he is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'') as Emperor Jomei.<ref>Titsingh, p. 42; Brown, p. 264; Varley, p. 130.</ref> Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe was later attacked by the Soga clan and committed suicide along with his entire family.

Jomei's contemporary title would not have been ''tennō'', as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of [[Emperor Tenmu]] and [[Empress Jitō]]. Rather, it was presumably ''Sumeramikoto'' (written the same way as ''tennō'': 天皇) or ''Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi'' (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Jomei might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato".

During Emperor Jomei's reign, Soga no Emishi seized several political initiatives. After Jomei's death, the throne was passed to his wife and niece, [[Empress Kōgyoku]], and then to her younger brother, [[Emperor Kōtoku]], before eventually being inherited by two of his sons, [[Emperor Tenji]] and Emperor Tenmu.

Emperor Jomei's reign lasted 13 years. In the 13th year of his reign (舒明天皇十三年), he died at the age of 49.<ref name="v130"/>

=== Grave ===
The actual site of Jomei's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is known.<ref name="kunaicho" /> The emperor is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[shrine]] (''misasagi'') located in [[Sakurai, Nara]]. The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Jomei's [[mausoleum]]. It is formally named ''Osaka no uchi no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref>
[[File:Mausoleum_of_Emperor_Jomei.jpg|thumb|Dannozuka Kofun]]
It is commonly called {{ill|Dannozuka Kofun|ja|段ノ塚古墳}}. It is an {{ill|Octagonal Kofun|lt=Octagonal Kofun|ja|八角墳}}. It is identified as the tomb of Emperor Jomei by the [[Imperial Household Agency]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hays |first=Jeffrey |title=ASUKA, FUJIWARA AND ASUKA-ERA CITIES AND TOMBS {{!}} Facts and Details |url=https://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub106/entry-5299.html#chapter-16 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=factsanddetails.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-16 |title=Dan-no-tsuka Kofun [Dannotsuka Kofun 段ノ塚古墳, Jomei Tennō-ryō Jomei Tennnoryo 舒明天皇] Passage Grave : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |url=https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=33044 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016234831/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=33044 |archive-date=2023-10-16 |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref> and of the same form as the {{ill|Mausoleum of Emperor Tenji|lt=attributed tomb of his son|ja|御廟野古墳}}.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kofun Culture |url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.t-net.ne.jp}}</ref> and of his wife [[Empress Kōgyoku]] buried in [[Kengoshizuka Kofun]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Kengoshizuka Kofun Tumulus, Koshitsuka-gomon Kofun Tumulus |url=http://asuka-japan-heritage.jp/global/en/saimei/detail/kengosiduka_sa.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Exploring the Footsteps of the Heroines of Asuka |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-04 |title=Octagonal burial mound said to belong to ancient Japan empress reconstructed in Nara Pref. |language=en |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20220304/p2a/00m/0na/040000c |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>

===Poetry===
The ''[[Man'yōshū]]'' includes poems attributed to emperors and empresses, including "Climbing Kagu-yama and looking upon the land", which is said to have been composed by Emperor Jomei:
 
:::Countless are the mountains in Yamato,
::: But perfect is the heavenly hill of Kagu;
:::When I climb it and survey my realm,
:::Over the wide plain the smoke-wreaths rise and rise,
:::Over the wide lake the gulls are on the wing;
:::A beautiful land it is, the land of Yamato!
:::::: – Emperor Jomei<ref>Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai. (1969). ''The Manyōshū'', p. 3.</ref>

==Consorts and children==
*''Consort (Hi)'': Princess Tame (田眼皇女), [[Emperor Bidatsu]]’s daughter
*Empress (Kōgō): Princess Takara (宝皇女) later [[Empress Kōgyoku]], Prince Chinu's daughter (also Prince Oshisaka-no-Hikohito-no-Ōe's grand daughter and [[Emperor Bidatsu]]’s great grand daughter)
**Second Son: Prince Kazuraki/Naka-no-Ōe (葛城/中大兄皇子) later [[Emperor Tenji]]
**Prince Ōama (大海人皇子) later [[Emperor Tenmu]]
**[[Princess Hashihito]] (間人皇女, d. 665), Empress Consort of [[Emperor Kōtoku]]
*''Madame (Bunin)'': Soga no Hote-no-iratsume (蘇我法提郎女), [[Soga no Umako]]‘s daughter
**First Son: Prince Furuhito-no-Ōe (古人大兄皇子) (ca. 612–645)
**Princess Nunoshiki (布敷皇女)
*Court lady (''Uneme''): Kaya no Uneme (蚊屋采女), lower court lady from Kaya (蚊屋采女姉子)
**Prince Kaya (蚊屋皇子)

*''Madame (Bunin):'' Awata no Kagushi-hime (粟田香櫛媛)
**Princess Oshisaka-no-watamuki (押坂錦向皇女)
*''Madame (Bunin):'' Soga no Tetsuki-no-iratsume (蘇我手杯娘), [[Soga no Emishi]]‘s daughter
**Princess Yata (箭田皇女)
*Unknown:
** Prince Isobe (磯部皇子), founder of Kuge clan

==See also==
{{Wikisource|Author:Emperor Jomei}}
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
* [[William George Aston|Aston, William George.]] (1896). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ  ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697''.] London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/448337491  OCLC 448337491]
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past''.] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan''.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''.] Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691  OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ  ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns''.] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59145842  OCLC 59145842]
* {{in lang|ja}} Yamada, Munemutsu. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=PHceMwAACAAJ  ''Nihon Shoki''.] Tokyo: Newton Press (''Nyūton-puresu''). {{ISBN|978-4-315-51248-9}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/166448992 OCLC 166448992]

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{{succession box | before=[[Empress Suiko]] | after=[[Empress Kōgyoku]] | title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Emperor of Japan]]:<br>Jomei | years=629–641}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

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[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:593 births]]
[[Category:641 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Asuka-period Japan]]
[[Category:6th-century Japanese people]]
[[Category:7th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Man'yō poets]]