Editing Emperor Ingyō

{{Short description|19th Emperor of Japan}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Ingyō<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|允恭天皇}}}}
| image        = Emperor Ingyō.jpg
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| reign        = 412–453 (traditional)<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322210732/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|archivedate=March 22, 2011|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf|title=Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan|work=Kunaicho.go.jp|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref>
| coronation   = 
| cor-type     = Japan
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Hanzei|Hanzei]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Ankō|Ankō]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō|Chinese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Ingyō ({{lang|ja|允恭天皇}})<br/><br/>[[Posthumous name#Japanese-style shigō|Japanese-style ''shigō'']]:<br/>Oasazuma-wakugo-no-sukune no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|雄朝津間稚子宿禰天皇}})
| spouse       = [[Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime]]<ref name="Fane1915-2"/>
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Prince Kinashi no Karu]]
*[[Emperor Ankō]]
*[[Emperor Yūryaku]]}}
| issue-link   = #Consorts and children
| issue-pipe   = among others...
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Emperor Nintoku]]
| mother       = [[Iwano-hime]]<ref name="Fane1915">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Hansho%20%20Iwa%20no%20hime|chapter=Table of Emperors Mothers|title=The Imperial Family of Japan|author=Ponsonby-Fane, Richard|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1915|page=xiii|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane}}</ref>
| birth_date   = 373–375{{efn|name="B&D"|Emperor Ingyō's exact year of birth and age at death is debatable among sources.<ref name="Henshall">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&q=Ingy%C5%8D+374&pg=PA487|title=Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945|author=Kenneth Henshall|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2013|page=488|isbn=9780810878723}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wDAQAAIAAJ&q=Ingy%C5%8D+373&pg=PA304|title=List of Emperors: II. The Dawn of History and The great Reformers|author=[[Joseph Henry Longford]]|work=Japan|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|year=1923|page=304}}</ref> Historian [[William George Aston]] mentions that Ingyō lived to the age of 78 as recorded by the ''[[Kojiki]]''.<ref name="Aston1">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ5OAQAAIAAJ|title=Boox XIII - The Emperor Wo-Asa-Tsuma Wakugo No Sukune: Ingio Tenno|author=[[William George Aston]]|work=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. (Volume 1)|publisher=London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner|year=1896|pages=312–327}}</ref><ref name="KojikiIngyo">{{cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj147.htm|title=Sect. CXI. — Emperor Ingyō (PART IV. — His age and place of burial).|author=[[Basil Hall Chamberlain]]|work=A translation of the "Kojiki" or Records of ancient matters|publisher=R. Meiklejohn and Co.|year=1882}}</ref> While academic [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane]] remarked that "80" was the generally accepted age of death at the time (c.1915).<ref name="Fane1915-2"/>}}
| death_date   = 453 (aged 78–80){{efn|name="B&D"}}
| burial_place = {{Nihongo||恵我長野北陵|''Ega no Naganu no kita no misasagi''}} (Osaka)
| religion     = [[Shinto]]
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Ingyō'''|允恭天皇|Ingyō-tennō}} was the 19th [[Emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional [[List of Emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref name="kunaicho">{{cite web|url=http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/019/|title=允恭天皇 (19)|work=[[Imperial Household Agency]] (Kunaichō)|language=ja|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Titsingh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25|title=Annales des empereurs du japon|author=Titsingh, Isaac.|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland|language=fr|year=1834|page=26|author-link=Isaac Titsingh}}</ref> Both the ''Kojiki'', and the ''Nihon Shoki'' (collectively known as the ''Kiki'') recorded events that took place during Ingyō's alleged lifetime. No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 410 to 453.<ref name="Fane1915-2">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Emperor+Ingyo|title=Ingyō (412–453)|work=The Imperial Family of Japan|author=Ponsonby-Fane, Richard|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|year=1915|page=11|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane}}</ref>

While the location of Ingyō's grave (if any) is unknown, he is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[kofun|tomb]].

==Protohistoric narrative==
The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Ingyō is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the [[Pseudohistory|pseudo-historical]] ''[[Kojiki]]'' and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'', which are collectively known as {{Nihongo|''Kiki''|記紀}} or ''Japanese chronicles''. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been [[Tall tale|exaggerated and/or distorted]] over time. It's recorded in the ''Kiki'' that Ingyō was born to {{Nihongo|''[[Princess Iwa]]''|磐之媛命|Iwa no hime no Mikoto}} somewhere between 373 and 375 AD and was given the name {{Nihongo|''Oasazuma Wakugo no Sukune''|雄朝津間稚子宿禰}}.<ref name="Aston1"/><ref name="Fane1915"/> He was the fourth son of [[Emperor Nintoku]], making him the youngest brother of [[Emperor Richū|Richū]] and [[Emperor Hanzei|Hanzei]]. After the death of his brother Hanzei in 410 AD Oasazuma was approached by ministers who had unanimously chosen him as the next Emperor. Oasazuma declined the offer stating that his brothers had "despised him as a fool". He also called himself "unlucky" as he claimed to be suffering from an unmentioned [[Paralysis|paralyzing]] illness.<ref name="Aston1"/><ref name="Fane1915-2"/>

After more than two years had passed, Oasazuma was finally persuaded by his favorite concubine [[Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime]] to accept the throne.<ref name="Fane1915-2"/> Oasazuma was formally enthroned as Emperor Ingyō and his concubine became the next [[Kōgō (empress)|Kōgō]]. Sometime in early 414 an envoy was sent to [[Silla]] and procured a physician for the ailing Emperor. The physician attributed the problem to Ingyō's legs and was able to cure him in August of that year.<ref name="Aston1"/><ref name="Fane1915-2"/> In 415 AD, Ingyō reformed the system of family and clan names. This had been an ongoing issue as many families either gave false names or used a clan title with a ranking they hadn't earned.<ref name="Aston1"/> In the middle of 416 AD, an earthquake hit Japan which disrupted the "temporary" burial process of [[Emperor Hanzei]].<ref name="Aston1"/>

Sometime in the winter of 418 AD, empress Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime unintentionally introduced her husband to her younger sister at a banquet. Emperor Ingyō fell deeply in love and sent a messenger afterwards to summon her.<ref name="Aston1"/><ref name="Fane1915-2"/> He learned that the woman's name was "[[Princess Sotoorihime|Otohime]]" ("youngest princess"), but was given the designation of "Sotohori Iratsume" ("clothing pass maiden"{{efn|This name comes from the way her "beauty" shone through her clothes.<ref name="Kintsuhime">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A1%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%A7%AB-90215|title=衣通姫 そとおりひめ|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Nipponica]]|accessdate=August 12, 2023}}</ref>}}) by local men for her beauty.<ref name="Aston1"/> Otohime initially refused to comply as she didn't want to hurt her sister's feelings. Not wanting to face punishment for disobeying, the messenger stayed with Otohime until she agreed to come.<ref name="Aston1"/> Oshisaka was not pleased by this and refused to let Otohime into the Imperial palace. Ingyō thus built Otohime a separate residence nearby where he often sneaked off to.<ref name="Aston1"/><ref name="Fane1915-2"/>

Empress Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime bore Ingyō a total of nine children (5 sons and 4 daughters). In 434 AD Ingyō chose to name his first son [[Prince Kinashi no Karu|Kinashi no Karu]] as Crown Prince.<ref name="Aston1"/> This was unknowingly a controversial choice as Kinashi was later accused of an [[incest]]uous relationship with his sister, Princess Karu no Ōiratsume.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqWjwalbmx4C&pg=PA804|title=A waka anthology: The gem-glistening cup|author=Cranston, Edwin A.|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|year=1998|page=804|isbn=9780804731577 }}</ref> Ingyō couldn't punish his son due to the title he had bestowed upon him, so instead chose an indirect approach by banishing his daughter Karu no Ōiratsume to [[Iyo Province|Iyo]].<ref name="Aston1"/> When Emperor Ingyō died sometime in 453 AD, the king of [[Silla]] grieved so much that he presented Japan with 80 musicians to comfort Ingyo's soul.<ref>''[[Nihonshoki]]'', Vol. 13, [http://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/syoki/syoki13.htm#sk13_i07  Story of Ingyō]<!-- 允恭紀四十二年 - 於是新羅王聞天皇既崩,驚愁之,貢上調船八十艘及種種樂人八十 --></ref> Kinashi no Karu meanwhile faced a challenge as his younger brother [[Emperor Ankō|Anaho]] was favored to be heir apparent.<ref name="Aston1"/>

==Historical assessment==
[[File:Ichinoyama Kofun, haisho.jpg|thumb|200px|Ichinoyama Kofun in [[Fujiidera]].]]
Ingyō is regarded by historians as a ruler during the early [[5th century]] whose existence is generally accepted as fact.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html|title=Kofun Culture|author=Kelly, Charles F.|work=www.t-net.ne.jp|access-date=August 9, 2023}}</ref> Scholar [[Francis Brinkley]] lists Emperor Ingyō under "Protohistoric sovereigns" whose reign was overshadowed by an affair and scandal regarding his son.<ref name="Brinkley">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOJxAAAAMAAJ&q=Hansho|title=Chapter XII: The Protohistoric Sovereigns|author=[[Francis Brinkley]]|work=A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|year=1915|pages=110–111}}</ref> Other scholars identify Ingyō with [[Sai of Wa|King Sai]] in the ''[[Book of Song]]''. This would have been a king of Japan (referred to as ''[[Wa (name of Japan)|Wa]]'' by contemporary Chinese scholars) who is said to have sent messengers to the [[Liu Song dynasty]] at least twice, in 443 and 451. However, there is no record in the ''Kiki'' of messengers being sent.

===Titles and dating===
There is no evidence to suggest that the title ''tennō'' was used during the time to which Ingyō's reign has been assigned. Rather, it was presumably {{Nihongo|''Sumeramikoto'' or ''Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi''|治天下大王}}, meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". An alternate title could have also been {{Nihongo2|ヤマト大王/大君}} "Great King of Yamato". The name Ingyō''-tennō'' was more than likely assigned to him [[Posthumous name|posthumously]] by later generations.<ref name="name">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog|title=''A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era''|author=Brinkley, Frank|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica Company|year=1915|page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog/page/n33 21]|quote=Posthumous names for the earthly ''Mikados'' were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the ''Records'' and the ''Chronicles.''|author-link=Francis Brinkley}}</ref> His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Ingyō, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the [[Imperial House of Japan|imperial dynasty]] were compiled as the chronicles known today as the ''[[Kojiki]]''.<ref name="aston109 & 217-223">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ|title=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2|author=Aston, William George.|publisher=The Japan Society London|date=1896|page=109 & 217–223|isbn=9780524053478 |author-link=William George Aston}}</ref>

Outside of the ''Kiki'', the reign of [[Emperor Kinmei]]{{efn|The 29th Emperor<ref name="Titsingh"/><ref name="Brown">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA261|title=A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219|author=[[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida|publisher=University of California Press|year=1979|pages=248, 261–262|isbn=9780520034600}}</ref>}} ({{circa|509}}&nbsp;– 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+legend%2C+the+first+Japanese+Emperor+was+Jimmu.+Along+with+the+next+13+Emperors%2C+Jimmu+is+not+considered+an+actual%2C+historical+figure.+Historically+verifiable+Emperors+of+Japan+date+from+the+early+sixth+century+with+Kimmei.|title=''Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds''|author=Hoye, Timothy.|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=1999|page=78|quote=According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.|isbn=9780132712897}}</ref> The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of [[Emperor Kanmu]]{{efn|Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty}} between 737 and 806 AD.<ref name="aston109 & 217-223"/>

===Events during reign===
Early on in his reign, Emperor Ingyō chose to send envoys to Korea for medical assistance. Brinkley took note of this and stated that Korea was evidently regarded as the "home of healing science". He also attributed the "many other" arts which were borrowed from China.<ref name="Brinkley"/> In regard to reforms, Sholar [[William George Aston]] notes in his translation of the [[Nihon Shoki]] that when Ingyō reformed the system of family and clan names, it would have only applied to [[dominant caste]]. At the time the general populace of Japan kept their personal names and "cared little for geopolitics".<ref name="Aston1"/> Emperor Ingyō's later affair with "Otohime" is regarded as important by Brinkley as it illustrates the manners and customs at the time. He also suggests that the "atmosphere of loose morality" was in part responsible for Kinashi no Karu's incestuous relationship.<ref name="Brinkley"/>

It is agreed upon by [[Basil Hall Chamberlain]]'s translation of the [[Kojiki]], and Aston's translation of the Nihon Shoki that Prince Kinashi no Karu was probably appointed crown prince during his father's lifetime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj148.htm|title=Sect. CXLI. — Emperor Ingyō (Part V — Prince Karu Loves His Sister Princess So-Tohoshi)|author=Basil Hall Chamberlain|work=A translation of the "Kojiki" or Records of ancient matters|publisher=R. Meiklejohn and Co.|year=1882}}</ref> At the time, marriage between children of the same father had always been allowed as long as the mothers involved were different. Marriage of children of the same mother of whom Kinashi no Karu was guilty of was considered incest.<ref name="Brinkley"/> Aston notes in his translation of the Nihon Shoki that it's doubtful Karu no Ōiratsume was banished by her father. Historically women have always been more lightly punished than men for the same offense, and "the particular character of the fault in this case makes such a discrimination all the more reasonable".<ref name="Aston1"/>

Francis Brinkley comments that four facts present themselves during Emperor Ingyō's reign: "Men wore wristbands and garters to which grelots were attached, that a high value was set for pearls, that metal was used for the construction of great man's gates, and the [[List of earthquakes in Japan|first earthquake]] is said to have been experienced in 416 AD". The latter of these things allegedly leveled the Imperial Palace at [[Kyoto]] from the severity of the Earth's tremors.<ref name="Hammer">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&pg=PA62|title=The Catfish and the Keystone|work=Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II|author=Joshua Hammer|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2006|pages=62–63|isbn=9780743264655 }}</ref> Modern sources have since questioned the reliability of this "first earthquake", opting instead to recognize another that took place in Nara prefecture on May 28, 599 during the reign of [[Empress Suiko]].<ref name="Hammer"/>

===Gravesite===
While the actual site of Ingyō's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is not known, this regent is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] shrine in [[Fujiidera]] [[Osaka]].<ref name="kunaicho"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Burial Mounds and Dolmens of the Early Emperors of Japan|author=[[William Gowland|Gowland, William]]|publisher=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=37|year=1907|pages=10–46}}
</ref> The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Ingyō's [[mausoleum]]/''[[kofun]]''-type Imperial tomb. Formally, this tomb is called {{Nihongo|Emperor Ingyō's misasagi|恵我長野北陵,|''Ega no nagano no kita no misasagi''}}, but is also given the name {{Nihongo|[[Ichinoyama Kofun]]|市ノ山古墳（市野山古墳}}. Another burial candidate for Emperor Ingyō's is the {{Nihongo|[[Furuichi Kofun Cluster|Tsudoshiroyama Kofun]]|津堂城山古墳}}, which is also located in Fujiidera.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Noboru Sotoike|title=Encyclopedia Mausoleum Reference Site: Another Emperor's Mausoleum|publisher=Yoshikawa Kobunkan|year=2005|isbn=4642013458|url=https://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000007815714-00|pages=49–52}}</ref> Ingyō is also enshrined at the [[Imperial Palace, Tokyo|Imperial Palace]] along with other emperors and members of the Imperial Family at the [[Three Palace Sanctuaries]].

==Consorts and children==
===Spouse/Concubine===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Position || Name || Father || Issue<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6#emp019|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=30 April 2010 |accessdate=August 12, 2023|language=ja}}</ref>
|-
| Empress<br>(''[[Kōkyū|Kōgō]]'')
| {{Nihongo|[[Oshisaka no Ōnakatsuhime]]|忍坂大中姫}}<ref name="Aston2">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ5OAQAAIAAJ|title=Boox XIII - The Emperor Wo-Asa-Tsuma Wakugo No Sukune: Ingio Tenno|author=[[William George Aston]]|work=Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. (Volume 1)|publisher=London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner|year=1896|pages=313}}</ref>
| Prince {{Nihongo|Wakanuke no Futamata|稚野毛二派皇子}}<ref name=descent/>
| {{*}}{{Nihongo|[[Prince Kinashi no Karu]]|木梨軽皇子}}<br>{{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Nagata no Ōiratsume|名形大娘皇女}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Sakai no Kurohiko|境黒彦皇子}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Anaho|穴穂皇子}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Karu no Ōiratsume|軽大娘皇女}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Yatsuri no Shirahiko|八釣白彦皇子}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Prince Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru|大泊瀬稚武皇子}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Tajima no Tachibana no Ōiratsume|但馬橘大娘皇女}}<br> {{*}}{{Nihongo|Princess Sakami|酒見皇女}}
|-
| Concubine<br>(''[[Kōkyū|Hi]]'')
| {{Nihongo|[[Princess Sotoorihime|Otohime]]|弟姫}}{{efn|Otohime is also known as "''Sotoorihime''", "''Sotori no Iratsume''", and "''Princess Karu no Oiratsume''".<ref name="Kintsuhime"/>}}
| Prince {{Nihongo|Wakanuke no Futamata|稚野毛二派皇子}}<ref name=descent/>
| align="center"| None
|}

===Issue===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Status || Name<ref name=descent/><ref name="Kojikigen">{{cite web|url=https://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj144.htm|title=Sect. CXXXVII - Emperor Ingyō (Part I - Genealogies)|author=Basil Hall Chamberlain|work=A translation of the "Kojiki" or Records of ancient matters|publisher=R. Meiklejohn and Co.|year=1882}}</ref> || Comments
|-
| Prince
| {{Nihongo|[[Prince Kinashi no Karu]]|木梨軽皇子}}<ref name=descent/>
| Prince Kinashi was later defeated by Prince Anaho (see below)
|-
| Princess
| {{Nihongo|Princess Nagata no Ōiratsume|名形大娘皇女}}<ref name=descent/>
| 
|-
| Prince
| {{Nihongo|Prince Sakai no Kurohiko|境黒彦皇子}}<ref name=descent/>
| Prince Sakai allegedly died sometime in 456 AD.
|-
| Prince
| {{Nihongo|[[Emperor Ankō|Prince Anaho]]|穴穂皇子}}<ref name=descent/>
| Emperor Ingyō's 3rd son later became Emperor Ankō.
|-
| Princess
| {{Nihongo|{{ill|Princess Karu no Ōiratsume|ja|軽大娘皇女|vertical-align=sup}}|軽大娘皇女}}
| "Princess Karu" and "[[Princess Sotoorihime|Otohime]]" are synonymous in the Kojiki.<ref name="Kintsuhime"/>
|-
| Prince
| {{Nihongo|Prince Yatsuri no Shirahiko|八釣白彦皇子}}
| Yatsuri's lifespan was allegedly 401 to 456 AD.
|-
| Prince
| {{Nihongo|[[Emperor Yūryaku|Prince Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru]]|大泊瀬稚武皇子}}
| Emperor Ingyō's 5th son later became [[Emperor Yūryaku]].
|-
| Princess
| {{Nihongo|Princess Tajima no Tachibana no Ōiratsume|但馬橘大娘皇女}}
| 
|-
| Princess
| {{Nihongo|Princess Sakami|酒見皇女}}
| 
|}

==See also==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
* [[Imperial cult]]
* [[Five kings of Wa]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [[William George Aston|Aston, William George.]] (1896). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ  ''Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.''] London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.  {{OCLC|448337491}}
* [[Delmer Brown|Brown, Delmer M.]] and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}};  {{OCLC|251325323}}
* Hammer, Joshua. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6O8VyhDbUPgC&q=Tokyo+1923  ''Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II.''] New York: [[Simon & Schuster]].  {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6465-5}} (cloth)
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.  {{OCLC|5850691}}
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ  ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.''] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}};  {{OCLC|59145842}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Hanzei]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Emperor of Japan]]:<br>Ingyō|years=412–453<br>''(traditional dates)''}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Ankō]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Emperors of Japan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ingyo}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:People of Kofun-period Japan]]
[[Category:5th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:453 deaths]]