Editing Emperor Go-Reizei

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan from 1045 to 1068}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty 
| name           = {{plainlist|
* Emperor Go-Reizei
* {{nobold|{{lang|ja|後冷泉天皇}}}}
}}
| succession     = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image          = Emperor Go-Reizei.jpg
| caption        =
| reign          = February 5, 1045 – May 22, 1068
| coronation     = April 27, 1045
| cor-type       = Japan
| predecessor    = [[Emperor Go-Suzaku|Go-Suzaku]]
| successor      = [[Emperor Go-Sanjō|Go-Sanjō]]
| posthumous name = ''[[Tsuigō]]'': {{awrap|Emperor Go-Reizei ({{lang|ja|後冷泉院}} or {{lang|ja|後冷泉天皇}})}}
| spouse         = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Princess Shōshi (1027–1105)|Shōshi]]|1037}}
* {{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Kanshi]]|1047}}
* {{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Hiroko]]|1050}}}}
| issue          =
| royal house    = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father         = [[Emperor Go-Suzaku]]
| mother         = {{ill|lt=Fujiwara no Kishi |Fujiwara no Kishi(Michinaga's daughter)|ja|藤原嬉子|vertical-align=sup}}
| birth_date     = August 28, 1025
| birth_place    = Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
| death_date     = {{death date and age|1068|5|22|1025|8|28}}
| death_place    = Kaya no In (高陽院), Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
| burial_place   = ''Enkyo-ji no misasagi'' (円教寺陵) (Kyoto)
|}}

{{nihongo|'''Emperor Go-Reizei'''|後冷泉天皇|Go-Reizei-[[tennō]]|August 28, 1025<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reischauer |first1=Robert Karl |title=Early Japanese History |date=1967 |publisher=Peter Smith |page=330 |url=https://archive.org/details/earlyjapanesehis00reis |volume=A |via=[[OpenLibrary]]}}</ref> – May 22, 1068}} was the 70th [[emperor of Japan]],<ref name="kunaicho">[[Imperial Household Agency]] (''Kunaichō''): [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/070/index.html  後冷泉天皇 (70)]</ref> according to the traditional [[List of emperors of Japan|order of succession]].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 76.</ref>

Go-Reizei's reign spanned the years [[Heian period|1045–1068]].<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 162–166;  Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 311–314; ; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' p. 197-198.</ref>

This 11th century sovereign was named after the 10th century [[Emperor Reizei]] and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Reizei". The Japanese word "''go''" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Reizei, the second", or as "Reizei II".

==Biography==
Before his ascension to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]], his personal name (''[[imina]]'')<ref>Brown, pp. 264; prior to [[Emperor Jomei]], the personal names of the emperors were very long and people did not generally use them.  The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> was Chikahito''-shinnō'' (親仁親王).<ref>Titsingh, p. 162; Brown, p. 311, Varley, p. 197.</ref> He was the eldest son of [[Emperor Go-Suzaku]].  His mother was [[Fujiwara clan|Fujiwara]] no Kishi (藤原嬉子), formerly Naishi-no kami, daughter of [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]]. Go-Reizei had three Empresses and no Imperial sons or daughters.<ref name="b311">Brown, p. 311.</ref>

==Events of Go-Reizei's life==
[[Image:Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg|thumb|left|140px|Decorative emblems (''kiri'') of the Hosokawa clan are found at [[Ryōan-ji]].  Go-Reizei is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence of [[Hosokawa Katsumoto]] before the [[Ōnin War]].]]

When Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated on February 5, 1045, his eldest son received the succession (‘‘senso’’) on the same day. Emperor Go-Reizei formally acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’) shortly after, and the era name was changed the following year to mark the beginning of his reign.<ref>Brown, p. 311; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref><ref name="b311" /> His father Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37 on February 7, 1045, of unknown causes<ref>Titsingh, p. 160; Brown, p. 311.</ref> The one major event in Go-Reizei's life occurred in the year 1051, when [[Abe no Sadato|Abe no Sadatō]] and [[Abe no Munetō|Munetō]] instigated a rebellion that became known as the [[Zenkunen War]] (1051–1062). In response, [[Minamoto no Yoriyoshi]] is appointed governor of Mutsu and he is named ''chinjufu shōgun.'' He is given these titles and powers so that he will be able to restore peace in the north. Yoriyoshi would have been the first to receive this specific shogunal title, although his grandfather ([[Minamoto no Tsunemoto]]) had been ''seitō fuku-shōgun'' (assistant commander for pacification of the east).<ref>Varley, pp. 197–198.</ref> Go-Reizei later died on May 22, 1068, at the age of 44 leaving no direct heirs to the throne.<ref name="b313">Brown, p. 313; Varley, p. 198.</ref> He was succeeded by his father's second son Takahito-shinnō aka [[Emperor Go-Sanjō]].

The actual site of Go-Reizei's [[grave (burial)|grave]] is known.<ref name="kunaicho"/>  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a [[memorial]] [[Shinto]] [[shrine]] (''misasagi'') though at Kyoto. The [[Imperial Household Agency]] designates this location as Go-Reizei's [[mausoleum]].  It is formally named ''Enkyo-ji no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 421.</ref> Go-Reizei is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at [[Ryōan-ji]] Temple in [[Kyoto]].<ref>The "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji are the burial places of [[Emperor Uda|Uda]], [[Emperor Kazan|Kazan]], [[Emperor Ichijō|Ichijō]], [[Emperor Go-Suzaku|Go-Suzaku]], Go-Reizei, [[Emperor Go-Sanjō|Go-Sanjō]], and [[Emperor Horikawa|Horikawa]].</ref> The mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Reizei is today named ''Shu-zan.''  The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Reizei died.<ref name="msocher277">Moscher, Gouveneur. (1978). ''Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide,'' pp. 277–278.</ref> These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers (''misasagi'') which were ordered by Emperor Meiji.<ref name="msocher277"/>

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===Kugyō===
{{nihongo|''[[Kugyō]]''|公卿}} is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time.  These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.  During Go-Reizei's reign, this apex of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* ''[[Kampaku]]'', Fujiwara Yorimichi, 992–1074.<ref name="b312">Brown, p. 312.</ref>
* ''[[Kampaku]]'', Fujiwara Norimichi, 997–1075.<ref name="b312">Brown, p. 312.</ref>
* ''[[Daijō-daijin]]'', Fujiwara Yorimichi.<ref name="b312"/>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]'', Fujiwara Norimichi.<ref name = "b312"/>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]''
* ''[[Udaijin]]'', Fujiwara Sanesuke, 957–1046.<ref name = "b312"/>
* ''[[Udaijin]]'', Fujiwara  Yorimune, 993–1065.<ref name="b312"/>
* ''[[Udaijin]]'', Fujiwara Morozane, 1042–1101.<ref name = "b313"/>
* ''[[Nadaijin]]'', {{ill|Minamoto Morofusa|ja|源師房|vertical-align=sup}}, 1009–1077.<ref name="b313" />
* ''[[Dainagon]]''

==Eras of Go-Reizei's reign ==
The years of Go-Reizei's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref>Titsingh, pp. 161–166; Brown, p. 313.</ref>
* ''[[Kantoku]]''      (1044–1046)
* ''[[Eishō (Heian period)|Eishō]]''    (1046–1053)
* ''[[Tengi]]''        (1053–1058)
* ''[[Kōhei]]''  (1058–1065)
* ''[[Jiryaku]]''      (1065–1069)

==Empresses and consorts==
*Empress (''Chūgū''): [[Princess Shōshi (1027–1105)|Imperial Princess Shōshi]] (章子内親王, 1027–1105) later Nijō-in (二条院), [[Emperor Go-Ichijo]]’s daughter.
*Empress (''Kōgō''): [[Fujiwara no Hiroko]] (藤原寛子; 1036–1127) later Shijō no Miya (四条宮), [[Fujiwara no Yorimichi]]‘s daughter
*Empress (''Kōgō''): [[Fujiwara no Kanshi]] (藤原歓子; 1021–1102) later Ono-no-Kōtaigō (小野皇太后), [[Fujiwara no Norimichi]]‘s daughter
** First Son (1049)
*Consort: Sugawara family's daughter
**Second son: Takashina Tameyuki (高階為行; 1059–1107)

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
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|ref=<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp070|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|date=April 30, 2010 |access-date=May 26, 2018|language=ja}}</ref>
|1= 1. '''Emperor Go-Reizei'''  
|2= 2. [[Emperor Go-Suzaku]] (1009-1045)
|3= 3. [[:ja:藤原嬉子|Fujiwara no Yoshiko]] (1007-1025)
|4= 4.  [[Emperor Ichijō]] (980-1011)
|5= 5.  [[Empress Shōshi]] (988-1074)
|6= 6. [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]] (966-1028)
|7= 7. [[:ja:源倫子|Minamoto no Rinshi]] (964-1053)
|8= 8. [[Emperor En'yū]] (959-991)
|9= 9. [[:ja:藤原詮子|Fujiwara no Senshi]] (962-1002)
|10=10. [[Fujiwara no Michinaga]] (966-1028)
|11=11.[[:ja:源倫子|Minamoto no Rinshi]] (964-1053)
|12=12. [[Fujiwara no Kaneie]] (929-990)
|13=13. [[:ja:藤原時姫|Fujiwara no Tokihime]] (d. 980)
|14=14. [[Minamoto no Masanobu]] (920-993)
|15=15. [[:ja:藤原穆子|Fujiwara no Bokushi]] (931-1016)  
}}

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho  ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''] Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323  OCLC 251325323]
* Moscher, Gouverneur. (1978). ''Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide.'' {{ISBN|9780804812948}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4589403  OCLC 4589403]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac.]] (1834). ''[[Nihon Odai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691  OCLC 5850691]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul.]] (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ ''Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.''] New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59145842  OCLC 59145842]

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Go-Suzaku]]}} 
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Reizei}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1025 births]]
[[Category:1068 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:People of Heian-period Japan]]
[[Category:People from Kyoto]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]