Editing Emperor Go-Kameyama

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan from 1383 to 1392}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Go-Kameyama<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|後亀山天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Go-Kameyama.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 1383 – November 19, 1392
| coronation   = 
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Chōkei|Chōkei]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Go-Komatsu|Go-Komatsu]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Tsuigō|''Tsuigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Go-Kameyama ({{lang|ja|後亀山院}} or {{lang|ja|後亀山天皇}})
| reg-type     = ''[[Shōgun]]''
| regent       = [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]]
| spouse       = Kitabatake Nobuko
| issue        = See [[Emperor Go-Kameyama#Genealogy|below]]
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = [[Emperor Go-Murakami]]
| mother       = [[Kaki Mon'in]]
| birth_name   = {{nihongo|Hironari|熙成}}
| birth_date   = 1347
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1424|5|10|1347}}
| death_place  = 
| place of burial = ''Saga no Ogura no Misasagi'' (嵯峨小倉陵) (Yamashiro)|
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Go-Kameyama'''|後亀山天皇|Go-Kameyama Tennō}} (c. 1347 – May 10, 1424) was the 99th [[emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional order of succession. He ruled from [[Muromachi period|1383 to October 21, 1392]], becoming the last Emperor of the [[Southern Court]].  His personal name was {{Nihongo| Hironari |熙成}}.

This 14th century sovereign was named after the 13th century [[Emperor Kameyama]] and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Kameyama". The Japanese word "''go''" has also been translated to mean the "second one"; and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Kameyama, the second" or as "Kameyama II".

==Genealogy==
He was the second son of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].  His mother was Fujiwara Katsuko (藤原勝子), better known as [[Kaki Mon'in]].{{sfnm|1a1=Hamaguchi|1y=1983|1p=588}}<!-- This cite is for the main statement that Kaki Mon'in was his mother, not that she was "better known" by that name. It does say we don't actually know that her name was 勝子, though. This is why we shouldn't use questionable Edo-period sources written/translated by early orientalists as citations for Wikipedia. -->

Little is known of his empress or other consorts.  Imperial Prince Tsuneatsu (恒敦) is believed to be his son.
*Empress: Minamoto (Kitabatake) Nobuko, [[Kitabatake Akinobu]]'s daughter
**Third Son: Imperial Prince Yoshiyasu (良泰親王; 1370–1443)
** Imperial Prince Priest Gyōgo (行悟法親王; 1377–1406)
** First Daughter: Imperial Princess Yasuko (泰子内親王) married Nijō Fuyuzane

*Consort: Fujiwara (Nijo) Noriko, Nijo Norimoto's daughter
** First Son: Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (世泰親王, 1360–1377)
*Lady-in-waiting: Fujiwara (Hino) Kuniko, Hino Kunimitsu's daughter
** Second Son: Imperial Prince Moroyasu (師泰親王; 1362–1423)
** Shino (真阿, 1374–1440)

*Mother unknown
** Imperial Prince Tsuneatsu (恒敦, d.1422), First Head of Ogawa clan.
** Sonkoku (琮頊, d.1448)

==Life==
Go-Kameyama acceded to the throne during the turbulent ''[[Nanboku-chō]]'' period during which rival claimants to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]] gathered supporters around them in what were known as the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern court]] and the Southern Court. Go-Kameyama became Emperor in what was called the Southern court when [[Emperor Chokei|Emperor Chōkei]] abdicated in 1383. On October 15, 1392, at the insistence of the peace faction amongst his own courtiers, he applied to [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] for peace; and he subsequently returned to the capital where he did hand over the [[Japanese imperial regalia|Sacred Treasures]] to his Northern Court rival. In doing so, Go-Kameyama was understood to have abdicated.<ref name=Sansom2>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan, 1334–1615 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans |url-access=registration |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1961 |isbn=0804705259 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/117 117]–118}}</ref>

By the conditions of the peace treaty, the Northern Court and the Southern Court were supposed to alternate control of the throne. However, this was thrown out in 1412 as [[Emperor Go-Komatsu]] reneged on the treaty by abdicating in favour of his own son. Henceforth, no Southern Court claimant ever sat on the Chrysthansemum Throne again. Still, since 1911, the Japanese government has declared the southern claimants were actually the rightful emperors despite the fact that all subsequent emperors including the then-Emperor Meiji were descended from the Northern Court, reasoning the Southern Court retained possession of the three sacred treasures, thus converting the emperors of the former Northern court into mere pretenders.

Following his abdication, he went into seclusion; but, in 1410, he returned to Yoshino.

The [[Imperial Household Agency]] recognizes ''Saga no ogura no misasagi'' (嵯峨小倉陵) in [[Ukyō-ku, Kyoto]] as his tomb.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 423.</ref>

===Kugyō===
''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Kameyama's reign, this apex of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* ''[[Sadaijin]]''
* ''[[Udaijin]]''
* ''[[Nadaijin]]''
* ''[[Dainagon]]''

==Eras of Go-Kameyama's reign==
The years of Go-Kameyama's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.

:'''''Nanboku-chō'' southern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
** ''[[Kōwa (Muromachi period)|Kōwa]]''            (1381–1384)
** ''[[Genchū]]''  (1384–1393)

:'''''Nanboku-chō'' northern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
** ''[[Eitoku]]''          (1381–1384)
** ''[[Shitoku]]''         (1384–1387)
** ''[[Kakei]]''           (1387–1389)
** ''[[Kōō (Nanboku-chō period)|Kōō]]''             (1389–1390)
** ''[[Meitoku]]''         (1390–1393)‡

:'''Post''-Nanboku-chō'' reunified court'''
*Eras merged as ''Meitoku'' 3 replaced ''Genchū'' 9 as Go-Kameyama abdicated.
** ''[[Meitoku]]''         (1393–1394)‡

== References ==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist|1}}

== Works cited ==
* {{cite book
|last         = Hamaguchi
|first        = Hiroaki
|author-link  = Hiroaki Hamaguchi
|chapter      = Kaki Mon'in
|pages        = 588
|title        = Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten
|script-title = ja:日本古典文学大辞典
|language     = Japanese
|year         = 1983
|volume       = 1
|location     = Tokyo
|publisher    = Iwanami Shoten
|oclc         = 11917421
|title-link = Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten
}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon.]''  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

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{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Chōkei]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Emperors of Japan|Emperor of Japan]]:<br/>Go-Kameyama|years=1383–1392}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Go-Komatsu]]}}
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{{Emperors of Japan}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Kameyama}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1340s births]]
[[Category:1424 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Muromachi-period Japan|Emperor Go-Kameyama]]

[[Category:14th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:15th-century Japanese people]]
[[Category:Japanese emperors who abdicated]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]