Editing Emperor Go-Kōgon

{{Short description|Japanese Northern Emperor from 1352 to 1371}}
{{Infobox royalty 
| name           =Emperor Go-Kōgon<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|後光厳天皇}}}}
| succession     =4th [[Northern Court|Northern Emperor]]
| image          =Emperor Go-Kōgon.jpg
| caption        =
| reign          =25 September 1352 – 9 April 1371
| coronation     =21 January 1354
| cor-type       =Japan
| predecessor    =[[Emperor Sukō|Sukō]]
| successor      =[[Emperor Go-En'yū|Go-En'yū]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Tsuigō|''Tsuigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Go-Kōgon ({{lang|ja|後光厳院}} or {{lang|ja|後光厳天皇}})
| spouse         =Hirohashi Nakako
| issue          =[[Emperor Go-En'yū]]
| issue-link     =#Genealogy
| issue-pipe     =among others...
| royal house    = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father         =[[Emperor Kōgon]]
| mother         ={{ill|Sanjō Hideko|ja|正親町三条秀子|vertical-align=sup}}
| birth_date  =23 March 1338
| birth_place =
| death_date  ={{Death date and age|1374|3|12|1338|3|23|df=y}}
| death_place =
| burial_place=Fukakusa no Kita no Misasagi (深草北陵), Kyoto
| signature = [[File:Go-Kōgon shomei.svg|50px]]
}}

{{nihongo|'''Emperor Go-Kōgon'''|後光厳天皇|Go-Kōgon-tennō|23 March 1338 – 12 March 1374}} was the 4th of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Emperors of Northern Court]] during the [[Nanboku-cho|Period of the Northern and Southern Courts]]. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 302–309.</ref>

This [[Nanboku-chō]] "sovereign" was named after his father [[Emperor Kōgon]] and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor Kōgon", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Kōgon, the second", or as "Emperor Kōgon II."

==Genealogy==
His personal name was Iyahito (彌仁).

He was the second son of the [[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Pretender]] [[Emperor Kōgon]], and brother of his predecessor, [[Emperor Sukō]].  His mother was Hideko (秀子), Sanjō Kinhide's daughter

*Lady-in-waiting: Hirohashi (Fujiwara) Nakako (廣橋（藤原）仲子; 1336/9-1427) later Sukenmon’in (崇賢門院), Hirohashi Kanetsuna's daughter
**Second son: Imperial Prince Ohito (緒仁親王) later [[Emperor Go-En'yū]]
**Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Eijo (1362–1437; 永助入道親王)
**Sixth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōnin (堯仁法親王; 1363–1430）
**Twelfth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōsho (堯性法親王; 1371–1388)
*Consort: Uemon-no-Suke no Tsubone (右衛門佐局)
**First son: Imperial Prince Priest Ryōnin (1355–1370; 亮仁入道親王)
**Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyojo (行助法親王; 1360–1386）
**son: (1361–1369)
**Seventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuzō (1363–1390; 覺増法親王)
*Consort: Sakyōdaibu-no-Tsubone (左京大夫局), Hōin Chōkai's daughter
**First daughter: Imperial Princess Haruko (d. 1390; 治子内親王)
**Fourth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuei (覺叡法親王; 1361–1377)
**Eighth son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōen (道圓入道親王; 1364–1385)
**Eleventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Shōjo (聖助法親王; b.1371)
*Consort:Shonagon-naishi (少納言内侍), Tachibana no Mochishige ‘s daughter
**Tenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Myōshō (1367–1396; 明承法親王)
*from unknown women
**Ninth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kanshu (1366–1401; 寬守法親王)
**Thirteenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kankyō (1373–1405; 寬教入道親王)
**Second daughter: Imperial Princess Kenshi (見子內親王)
**Fourteenth son: ?
**Daughter: Princess Shūnin (秀仁女王)

==Events of Go-Kōgon's life==
In his own lifetime, Go-Kōgon and those around him believed that he occupied the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]] from 25 September 1352 to 9 April 1371.
  
In 1351, [[Ashikaga Takauji]] briefly returned to the allegiance of the Southern Dynasty, causing the Southern Court to briefly consolidate control of the Imperial Line.  However, this peace fell apart in April 1352.  On this occasion, the Southern Court abducted Retired (Northern) Emperors [[Emperor Kōgon]] and [[Emperor Kōmyō]] as well as [[Emperor Sukō]] and the Crown Prince Tadahito from [[Kyoto]] to Anau, the location of the Southern Court.  This produced a state of affairs in which there was no [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] in Kyoto. Because of this, Imperial Prince Iyahito became emperor in 1352 with the support of [[Ashikaga Yoshiakira]].<ref name=Sansom2>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan, 1334-1615 |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1961 |isbn=0804705259 |page=85,88,93}}</ref>

During this period, the [[Nanboku-cho|Era of the Northern and Southern Courts]], because of the antagonism between the two competing dynasties, public order in Kyoto was disturbed.  The Southern Court repeatedly recaptured Kyoto.  Emperor Go-Kōgon was forced to repeatedly flee from Kyoto to [[Ōmi Province]] and other places.  Around the time that [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu]] was named ''[[shōgun]]'' (1368), the Southern Courts power weakened, and order was restored to Kyoto.  Also around this time, the Emperor's authority began to show its weakness.

On 9 April 1371, he abdicated in favor of his son, who became [[Emperor Go-En'yū]].  He continued to rule as [[Cloistered rule|Cloistered Emperor]] until he died of illness on 12 March 1374. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called ''Fukakusa no kita no misasagi'' (深草北陵) in [[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto]].

==Eras of Go-Kōgon's reign==
The years of Go-Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.

:'''''Nanboku-chō'' Southern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
* ''[[Shōhei]]''       (1346–1370)
* ''[[Kentoku]]''             (1370–1372)

:'''''Nanboku-chō'' Northern court'''
*Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
* ''[[Kannō]]''         (1350–1352)
* ''[[Bunna]]''               (1352–1356)
* ''[[Enbun|Embun]]''               (1356–1361)
* ''[[Kōan (Muromachi period)|Kōan]]''  (1361–1362)
* ''[[Jōji]]''           (1362–1368)
* ''[[Ōan]]''             (1368–1375)

==Southern Court rivals==
*[[Emperor Go-Murakami]]
*[[Emperor Chōkei]]

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist|1}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|194887}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
{{Refend}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Emperor Sukō]]}} 
{{s-ttl|title=[[Northern Court (Japan)|Northern Emperor]]|years=1352–1371}} 
{{s-aft|after=[[Emperor Go-En'yū]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Emperors of Japan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Kogon, Emperor}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1338 births|Go-Kogon of Japan]]
[[Category:1374 deaths|Go-Kogon of Japan]]
[[Category:People of Nanboku-chō-period Japan|Emperor Go-Kogon]]
[[Category:1350s in Japan|Emperor Go-Kogon]]
[[Category:1360s in Japan|Emperor Go-Kogon]]
[[Category:1370s in Japan|Emperor Go-Kogon]]
[[Category:14th-century Japanese monarchs]]
[[Category:Japanese emperors who abdicated]]
[[Category:Sons of Japanese emperors]]