Editing Emperor Go-Horikawa

{{Short description|Emperor of Japan from 1221 to 1232}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Emperor Go-Horikawa<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|後堀河天皇}}}}
| succession   = [[Emperor of Japan]]
| image        = Emperor Go-Horikawa.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 29 July 1221 – 17 November 1232
| coronation   = 14 January 1222
| cor-type     = Japan
| predecessor  = [[Emperor Chūkyō|Chūkyō]]
| successor    = [[Emperor Shijō|Shijō]]
| posthumous name = [[Posthumous name#Tsuigō|''Tsuigō'']]:<br/>Emperor Go-Horikawa ({{lang|ja|後堀河院}} or {{lang|ja|後堀河天皇}})
| reg-type     = ''[[Shōgun]]''
| regent       = [[Kujō Yoritsune]]
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Ariko]]|1223}}
*{{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Chōshi]]|1226}}
*{{marriage|[[Fujiwara no Shunshi]]|1230|1233|end=died}}}}
| issue        = [[Emperor Shijō]]
| issue-link   = #Genealogy
| issue-pipe   = more...
| royal house  = [[Imperial House of Japan]]
| father       = Prince Morisada
| mother       = 
| birth_date   = 22 March 1212
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1234|8|31|1212|3|22|df=y}}
| death_place  = 
| place of burial = ''Kannon-ji no Misasagi'' (觀音寺陵) (Kyoto)|
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Emperor Go-Horikawa'''|後堀河天皇|Go-Horikawa-tennō}} (22 March 1212 – 31 August 1234) was the 86th [[emperor of Japan]], according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from [[Kamakura period|1221 through 1232]].<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon,'' pp. 238–241; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 344–345; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki.'' pp. 226–227.</ref>

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 11th-century [[Emperor Horikawa]] and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Horikawa". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Horikawa, the second," or as "Horikawa II."

==Genealogy==
Before his ascension to the [[Chrysanthemum Throne]], his personal name (his ''imina'')<ref>Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of [[Emperor Jomei]], the personal names of the emperors (their ''iminia'') were very long and people did not generally use them.  The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.</ref> was {{Nihongo| Yutahito''-shinnō'' |茂仁親王}},<ref>Brown, p. 344; Varley, p. 226.</ref> also known as Motsihito''-shinnō''.<ref name="t238">Titsingh, p. 238.</ref>
The third son of Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) (Go-Takakura-in, 後高倉院), the second son of [[Emperor Takakura]].

*Empress (''Jingū''): Sanjō (Fujiwara) [[Fujiwara no Ariuko|Ariuko]] (三条（藤原）有子) later Ankimon’in (安喜門院), Sanjo Kinfusa's daughter
*Empress (''Chūgū''): Konoe (Fujiwara) [[Konoe Nagako|Nagako]] (近衛（藤原）長子)<ref>Titsingh, p. 240.</ref> Later Takatsukasa’in (鷹司院), [[Konoe Iezane]]’s daughter.
*Empress (''Chūgū''): Kujō (Fujiwara) [[Kujō Shunshi|Shunshi]] (九条（藤原）竴子)<ref>A History of Japan to 1334, George Sansom, p406</ref> Later Sōhekimon’in (藻璧門院), [[Kujo Michiie]]’s daughter
**First son: Imperial Prince Mitsuhito (秀仁親王) later [[Emperor Shijō]]
**Fourth daughter: Imperial Princess Hoshi (暤子内親王; 1232-1237)
**Second Son: (1233)
*Lady-in-waiting: Betto-Naishi (別当典侍), Jimyōin Ieyuki’s daughter<ref>The Emergence of Japanese Kingship, p5</ref>
**First daughter: Imperial Princess Kishi (暉子内親王; 1228-1300) later Muromachi-in (室町院)
**Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taishi (体子内親王; 1231-1302) later Shinsenmon’in (神仙門院)
*Lady-in-waiting: Dainagon-no-Tsubone (大納言局), Fujiwara Kaneyoshi’s daughter
**Third daughter: Imperial Princess Akiko (昱子内親王; 1231-1246)

==Events of Go-Horikawa's life==
In 1221, because of the [[Jōkyū War|Jōkyū Incident]], an unsuccessful attempt by [[Emperor Go-Toba]] to seize real power, the [[Kamakura shogunate]] completely excluded those of the imperial family descended from [[Emperor Go-Toba]] from the [[Chrysanthemum throne]],  thus forcing [[Emperor Chūkyō]] to abdicate.  After the [[Genpei War]], he, as the grandson of the late [[Emperor Takakura]], who was also a nephew of the then-exiled Retired Emperor Go-Toba, and Chūkyō's first cousin, was enthroned as Go-Horikawa.  He ruled from July 29, 1221 to October 26 (?), 1232.

* '''29 July 1221''' (''[[Jōkyū]] 3, 9th day of the 7th month''): In the 1st year of what is now considered to have been Chūkyō''-tennō''{{'}}s reign (仲恭天皇一年), he abruptly abdicated without designating an heir; and contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (‘‘senso’’)<ref>Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to [[Emperor Tenji]]; and all sovereigns except [[Empress Jitō|Jitō]], [[Emperor Yōzei|Yōzei]], [[Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Toba]], and [[Emperor Fushimi|Fushimi]] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of [[Emperor Go-Murakami]].</ref>  was received by a grandson of former Emperor Go-Toba.<ref>Brown, p. 344; Titsingh, p. 238.</ref>
* '''14 January 1222''' (''[[Jōkyū]] 3, 1st day of the 12th month''): Emperor Go-Horikawa acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).<ref>Titsingh, p. 95; Brown, p. 344; Varley,  p. 44.</ref>

As Go-Horikawa was only ten-years-old at this time, his father Imperial Prince Morisada acted as [[cloistered rule|cloistered emperor]] under the name Go-Takakura-in.<ref>Titsingh, p. 238; Brown, pp. 344–345; Varley, p. 226.</ref>

In 1232, he began his own [[cloistered rule]], abdicating to his 1-year-old son, [[Emperor Shijō]].  However, he had a weak constitution, and his cloistered rule lasted just under two years before he died.

Emperor Go-Horikawa's Imperial tomb (''misasagi'') is at Sennyū-ji in the {{Nihongo|''Nochi no Tsukinowa no Higashiyama no misasagi''|後月輪東山陵|}}.<ref>Sennyū-ji: [http://www.taleofgenji.org/sennyuji.html images of front of Imperial mausoleum enclosure]</ref>

===''Kugyō''===
''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time.  These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career.  During Go-Horikawa's reign, this apex of the  ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* ''[[Sesshō]]'', [[Konoe Iezane]], d. 1242.<ref name="b345">Brown, p. 345.</ref>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]'', [[Konoe Iemichi]], 1204–1224.<ref name = "b345"/>
* ''[[Udaijin]]'',  Fujiwara Kintsugu, 1117–1227.<ref name = "b345"/>
* ''[[Naidaijin]]'', Saionji Kintsune, 1171–1224.<ref name="b345"/>
* ''[[Dainagon]]''

==Eras of Go-Horikawa's reign==
The years of Go-Horikawa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names|era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref name="t238"/>
* [[Jōkyū]]      (1219–1222 CE)
* [[Jōō (Kamakura period)|Jōō]]  (1222–1224 CE)
* [[Gennin]]           (1224–1225 CE)
* [[Karoku]]           (1225–1227 CE)
* [[Antei]]            (1227–1229 CE)
* [[Kangi]]            (1229–1232 CE)

==See also==
* [[Emperor of Japan]]
* [[List of Emperors of Japan]]
* [[Imperial cult]]

==Notes==
[[File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|thumb|right|120px|[[Imperial Seal of Japan|Japanese Imperial kamon]] — a stylized [[chrysanthemum]] blossom]]
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ [[Jien]], c. 1220], ''[[Gukanshō]]'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=2KOxHQAACAAJ&q=The+Future+and+the+Past,+a+translation+and+study+of+the+Gukansh%C5%8D,+an+interpretative+history+of+Japan+written+in+1219 ''The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219'']). Berkeley: [[University of California Press]]. {{ISBN|0-520-03460-0}}
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane]], Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan  ''The Imperial House of Japan.''] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'']  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]].
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley]], H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ [[Kitabatake Chikafusa]], 1359], ''[[Jinnō Shōtōki]]''  (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ&q=A+Chronicle+of+Gods+and+Sovereigns:+Jinn%C5%8D+Sh%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dki+of+Kitabatake+Chikafusa A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki].'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-231-04940-4}})
{{Refend}}

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{{Emperors of Japan}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Horikawa}}
[[Category:Emperors of Japan]]
[[Category:1212 births]]
[[Category:1234 deaths]]
[[Category:People of Kamakura-period Japan|Emperor Go-Horikawa]]
[[Category:1220s in Japan|Emperor Go-Horikawa]]
[[Category:1230s in Japan|Emperor Go-Horikawa]]
[[Category:13th-century Japanese monarchs]]