Editing Empanda

{{Short description|Roman goddess}}
{{for|the genus of jumping spiders|Empanda (spider)}}

In [[Religion in ancient Rome|ancient Roman religion]], '''Empanda''' or '''Panda''' was a [[goddess]], or possibly an [[epithet]] of [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]].

[[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]]<ref>Festus, entry on "Empanda," p. 67 in the 1997 Teubner edition of Lindsay.</ref> identifies her only as a ''dea paganorum'', "goddess of the rustics." Varro associates her with Ceres, and notes that there is a Roman gate named after her, the ''Porta Pandana''. A similarly named gate is mentioned in the [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] [[Iguvine Tablets]] (VIa 14): ''pertome Padellar''. [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]]<ref>ap. Non. p. 44; comp. Gell. xiii. 22; [[Arnobius]] iv. 2 – cited by Schmitz</ref> connects the word with ''pandere'', "to open," but also explains it by ''panem dare'', "to give bread," so that Empanda would be the goddess of bread or food. 

Modern scholarship associates the Latin Empanda with the Oscan '''Patanaí''' (in the dative singular), and the Umbrian ''Padellar'' (<*''Padenla:s'' < *''Patnla:s'' < *''Patnola:s''), with Latin ''-nd-'' regularly from ''*-tn-'', and Oscan regular vowel insertion to break up consonant clusters. All are ultimately related to not only ''pando/pandere'', but also to Latin ''pateo'' "I open" and ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root  ''*peth₂-'' "to spread" seen also in English ''fathom'' (originally meaning "outstretched arms").<ref>Poultney, J.W. "Bronze Tables of Iguvium"  1959 pp. 236, 314 https://archive.org/details/bronzetablesofig00poul/page/n19/mode/2up</ref> 

Empanda had a sanctuary near the gate which led to the [[Capitoline Hill|capitol]] and which was called the ''[[Porta Pandana]]'' after her.<ref>Festus, s. v. Pandana; Varro, de Ling. Lat. v. 42, as cited by Schmitz</ref> Her temple was an [[Right of asylum|asylum]] which was always open. Needy supplicants who came to it were supplied with food from the resources of the temple. In the opinion of [[Leonhard Schmitz]], this custom shows the meaning of the name ''Panda'' or ''Empanda'': it is connected with ''pandere'', to open; she is accordingly the goddess who is open to or admits any one who wants protection. [[Hartung]]<ref>(die Religion der Röm. ii. p. 76, &c.) – cited by Schmitz</ref> thinks that ''Empanda'' and ''Panda'' are only surnames of Juno.

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{SmithDGRBM|author=Leonhard Schmitz}}

[[Category:Roman goddesses]]


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