Editing Ellsworth Huntington

{{Short description|American geographer (1876–1947)}}
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{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Ellsworth Huntington
| image             = Ellsworth Huntington.jpg
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1876|9|16}}
| birth_place       = 
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1947|10|17|1876|9|16}}
| death_place       = 
| residence         = 
| citizenship       = 
| nationality       = [[United States|American]]
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| doctoral_students = 
| known_for         = 
| influences        = 
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| signature         = 
| footnotes         = 
| ethnicity         = 
| field             = [[Geography]]<br/>[[Climatology]] 
Human Ecology
| work_institutions = [[Yale University]]
| alma_mater        = [[Beloit College]]<ref name=ei>{{Cite web | url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/huntington-ellsworth |title = Huntington, Ellsworth |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica}}</ref><br/>[[Harvard University]]<br />[[Yale University]]<ref name=ei/>
| prizes            = 
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}}{{Eugenics sidebar}}
'''Ellsworth Huntington''' (September 16, 1876 – October 17, 1947) was a professor of [[geography]] at [[Yale University]] during the early 20th century, known for his studies on [[environmental determinism]]/climatic determinism, [[economic growth]], and [[economic geography]]. He served as president of the [[Ecological Society of America]] in 1917, the [[Association of American Geographers]] in 1923 and president of the board of directors of the [[American Eugenics Society]] from 1934 to 1938.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Geoffrey |date=1971 |title=The Ellsworth Huntington Papers |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40859481 |journal=The Yale University Library Gazette |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=185–195 |issn=0044-0175}}</ref>

He taught at [[Euphrates College]], [[Turkey]] (1897&ndash;1901); accompanied the [[Raphael Pumpelly|Pumpelly]] (1903) and Barrett (1905&ndash;1906) expeditions to [[central Asia]]; and wrote of his Asian experiences in ''Explorations in Turkestan'' (1905) and ''The Pulse of Asia'' (1907). He taught geography at Yale (1907&ndash;1915) and from 1917 was a research associate there, devoting his time chiefly to [[climatology|climatic]] and [[anthropogeography|anthropogeographic]] studies. He was the 1916 recipient of the Elisha Kent Kane Gold Medal from the [[Geographical Society of Philadelphia]].

In 1909, Huntington led the Yale Expedition to [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. It was his mission to determine "step by step the process by which geologic structure, topographic form, and the present and past nature of the climate have shaped man's progress, moulded his history; and thus played an incalculable part in the development of a system of thought which could scarcely have arisen under any other physical circumstances."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.yale.edu/judaica/exhibits/webarch/front/Huntingtoncollection.html |title=The Huntington Collection |accessdate=2009-03-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511234941/http://www.library.yale.edu/judaica/exhibits/webarch/front/Huntingtoncollection.html |archivedate=2008-05-11 }}</ref>

During the [[Progressive Era]], Huntington expressed concern about immigration and the race mixing. He claimed that liberal immigration policy would lead to the "highest racial values" being "irrevocably swamped by those of lower calibre."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lavery |first=Colm |date=October 2022 |title=The Power of Racial Mapping: Ellsworth Huntington, Immigration, and Eugenics in the Progressive Era |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-gilded-age-and-progressive-era/article/power-of-racial-mapping-ellsworth-huntington-immigration-and-eugenics-in-the-progressive-era/D6122BD467E4095444B5CB46F6D93434 |journal=The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era |language=en |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=262–278 |doi=10.1017/S1537781422000299 |issn=1537-7814|doi-access=free }}</ref>

He was on the original standing committee of the [[Foundation for the Study of Cycles]] from 1941.

==Bibliography==
[[File:Ellsworth Huntington Mill Spring California 1911.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ellsworth Huntington at the Mill Spring, California, tree ring study, 1911]]

* ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Explorations_in_Turkestan.html?id=aYARAAAAIAAJ Explorations in Turkestan: With an Account of the Basin of Eastern Persia and Sistan, Expedition of 1903, under the Direction of Raphael Pumpelly]'' (1905)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/pulseasiaajourn00huntgoog The Pulse of Asia: A Journey in Central Asia Illustrating the Geographic Basis of History]'' (1907)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/palestineandits00huntgoog Palestine and Its Transformation]'' (1911)
* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b000788895&view=1up&seq=227 "Changes of Climate and History,"] ''American Historical Review'' Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jan., 1913), pp. 213–232 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1835325 in JSTOR]
* [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011719976 ''The Climatic Factor As Illustrated in Arid America''] (1914)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/civilizationand01huntgoog Civilization and Climate]'' (1915, rev. ed. 1924)
* "Climatic Change and Agricultural Exhaustion as Elements in the Fall of Rome," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'' Vol. 31, No. 2 (Feb., 1917), pp. 173–208 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1883908 in JSTOR]
* ''[https://archive.org/details/redmanscontinen00huntgoog The Red Man's Continent: A Chronicle of Aboriginal America]'' (1919)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/worldpowerandev00huntgoog World-power and Evolution]'' (1919)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/cu31924001688591/page/n1 The Secret of the Big Trees: Yosemite Sequoia and General Grant National Parks]'' (1921) 
* ''[https://archive.org/details/climaticchanges00vishgoog Climatic Changes]'' with Stephen Sargent Visher (1922)
* ''The Character Of Races'' (1924) {{ISBN|0-405-09955-X}}
* ''West of the Pacific'' (1925)
* ''[https://archive.org/details/humanhabitat013866mbp Human Habitat]'' (1927)
* "Agricultural Productivity and Pressure of Population," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' Vol. 198, Present International Tensions (Jul., 1938), pp. 73–92 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1021204 in JSTOR]
* ''[https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfHumanGeography Principles of Human Geography]'' (with S. W. Cushing, 5th ed. 1940)
* "The Geography of Human Productivity," ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' Vol. 33, No. 1 (Mar., 1943), pp. 1–31 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2560968 in JSTOR]
* ''Mainsprings of Civilization'' (1945)

==See also==
* [[Huntington family]]

==References==
{{Reflist|}}

==Further reading==
* Fonaroff, L. Schuyler. "Was Huntington Right about Human Nutrition?" ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' Vol. 55, No. 3 (Sep., 1965), pp. 365–376 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2561563 in JSTOR]
* Martin, Geoffrey J. ''Ellsworth Huntington: His Life and Thought'' (1973)
* Spate, O. H. K. "Ellsworth Huntington: A Geographical Giant: Review," ''Geographical Journal'' Vol. 140, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp.&nbsp;117–119 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1797015 in JSTOR]

== External links ==
* {{Gutenberg author |id=1106| name=Ellsworth Huntington}}
* {{Librivox author |id=12962}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Ellsworth Huntington}}
* [http://www.harpers.org/subjects/EllsworthHuntington Articles authored in Harper's Magazine]
* [[hdl:10079/fa/mssa.ms.0001|Ellsworth Huntington Papers (MS 1)]]. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huntington, Ellsworth}}
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Economic geography]]
[[Category:20th-century American geographers]]
[[Category:Geopoliticians]]
[[Category:Presidents of the American Association of Geographers]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:American Eugenics Society members]]
[[Category:American white supremacists]]