Editing Elative case

{{Short description|Grammatical case}}
{{distinguish|Elative (gradation)}}

In [[grammar]], the '''elative case''' ([[list of glossing abbreviations|abbreviated]] {{sc|'''ela'''}}; from {{langx|la|efferre}} "to bring or carry out") is a [[Locative case|locative]] [[grammatical case]] signifying that something comes from something, somewhere or someone.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=uusikielemme |date=2022-02-14 |title=The Elative Case (Mistä) – Finnish Grammar |url=https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar/finnish-cases/location-cases/the-elative-case-mista-finnish-grammar |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=Uusi kielemme |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Usage==
===Uralic languages===
In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], the elative is typically formed by adding {{wikt-lang|fi|-sta|sta/stä}}, in [[Estonian language|Estonian]] by adding {{wikt-lang|et|-st}} to the genitive stem, {{lang|liv|-õst}} in [[Livonian language|Livonian]] and {{lang|myv|-sto}} in [[Erzya language|Erzya]]. In [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], the suffix {{wikt-lang|hu|-ból|-ból/-ből}} expresses the elative:<ref name=":0" />

:{{langx|fi|talosta}} - "out of the house, from the house" (Finnish {{lang|fi|talo}} = "house") {{lang|fi|taloista}} -  "out of the houses, from the houses" (Finnish {{lang|fi|talot}} = "houses")
:{{langx|et|majast}} - "out of the house, from the house" (Estonian {{lang|et|maja}} = "house")
:[[Erzya language|Erzya]]: {{lang|myv-Latn|kudosto}} - "out of the house, from the house" (Erzya {{lang|myv|kudo}} = "house")
:{{langx|hu|házból}} - "out of the house" (Hungarian {{lang|hu|ház}} = "house")

In some [[Finnish dialects|dialects of Finnish]] it is common to drop the final [[vowel]] of the elative ending, which then becomes identical to the elative [[morpheme]] of Estonian; for example: {{lang|fi|talost}}. This pronunciation is common in southern Finland, appearing in the [[Southwest Finnish dialects|southwestern dialects]] and in some [[Tavastian dialects]]. Most other dialects use the standard form ''-sta''.

===Russian===
In some rare cases the elative still exists in contemporary Russian, though it was used more widely in 17-18th cc. texts: {{lang|ru|и́з лес'''у'''}} (out of the forest), {{lang|ru|кровь и́з нос'''у'''}} (blood from the nose), {{lang|ru|из Яросла́вл'''ю'''}} (from Yaroslavl).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ilola |first=Eeva |date=July 1995 |title=Spatial prepositions in Russian and their Finnish equivalents |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01080721 |journal=Russian Linguistics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=187–218 |doi=10.1007/bf01080721 |issn=0304-3487}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|elative case}}
Other locative cases are:
*[[Inessive case]] ("in")
*[[Superessive case]] ("on")
*[[Adessive case]] ("by/at")
*[[Illative case]] ("into")
*[[Sublative case]] ("onto")
*[[Allative case]] ("towards")
*[[Ablative case]] ("away from")
*[[Delative case]] ("off")

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last= Karlsson |first= Fred |year= 2018 |title= Finnish - A Comprehensive Grammar |location= London and New York |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 978-1-138-82104-0}}
* {{cite web |last= Anhava |first= Jaakko |year= 2015 |title= Criteria For Case Forms in Finnish and Hungarian Grammars |location= Helsinki |website= journal.fi |publisher= Finnish Scholarly Journals Online |url= https://journal.fi/store/article/view/52392/16242}}

{{Grammatical cases}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elative Case}}
[[Category:Grammatical cases]]