Editing Effingham, New Hampshire

{{short description|Town in New Hampshire, United States}}
{{for|other places named Effingham|Effingham (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Effingham, New Hampshire
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = EffinghamNH LordsHillHD View.jpg
| image_seal         = Seal of Effingham, New Hampshire.png
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = [[Lord's Hill Historic District]], one of the village centers of Effingham
| image_flag         = 
| image_map          = Carroll-Effingham-NH.png
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location in [[Carroll County, New Hampshire|Carroll County]], [[New Hampshire]]
| settlement_type    = Town
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[New Hampshire]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in New Hampshire|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Carroll County, New Hampshire|Carroll]]
| parts_type         = Villages
| parts              = {{ubl|Effingham|Center Effingham|Effingham Falls|South Effingham}}
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = [[Board of Selectmen|Select Board]]
| leader_name        = {{ubl|Leo Racine, Chair|Chris Seamans|Chuck Fuller}}
| leader_title1      = Town Administrator
| leader_name1       = Caitlyn Pitts
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = 1778
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021">{{cite web |title=2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2021_Gazetteer/2021_gaz_cousubs_33.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 103.4
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_km2      = 100.4
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 3.0
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 2.87
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web| url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=0600000US3300323620&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1| title=Effingham town, Carroll County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref>
| population_total   = 1691
| population_density_km2 = 16.8
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| timezone           = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Daylight Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| coordinates        = {{coord|43|45|40|N|70|59|47|W|region:US-NH|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 182
| elevation_ft       = 597
| website            = {{URL|www.effinghamnh.net}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 03882 (Effingham)<br/>03864 ([[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]])
| area_code          = [[Area code 603|603]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 33-23620
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 0873588
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Effingham''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Carroll County, New Hampshire]], United States. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the town population was 1,691,<ref name="Census 2020"/> up from 1,465 at the 2010 census.<ref>United States Census Bureau, [https://www.census.gov American FactFinder], 2010 Census figures. Retrieved March 23, 2011.</ref> Effingham includes the villages of Effingham Falls,  [[Lord's Hill Historic District|Effingham (Lord's Hill)]], Center Effingham (Drake's Corner), and South Effingham. Pine River State Forest is in the south.

==History==
The town was settled by members of the Leavitt family of [[Hampton, New Hampshire|Hampton]], [[New Hampshire]], led by Captain John Leavitt, a soldier whose father, Moses, was a prosperous Hampton tavern keeper. From them the settlement first took the name "Leavitt's Town".<ref>Hunt, Elmer Munson (1970). ''New Hampshire Town Names and Whence They Came'', p. 52. Peterborough, New Hampshire: Noone House. {{ISBN|0-87233-009-5}}.</ref> In 1749, the land was granted by Governor [[Benning Wentworth]], and he renamed it "Effingham" for the [[Howard family]], who were [[Earl of Effingham|Earls of Effingham]] and who were related to the Wentworths by marriage. The town was incorporated in 1778.

North Effingham was set off in 1831 and incorporated as [[Freedom, New Hampshire|Freedom]]. By 1859, when the population was 1,252, Effingham Falls had developed into a small [[mill town]], with a [[woolen]] factory, five [[sawmill]]s, three [[gristmill]]s, and a [[carriage]] factory.<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book  | last = Coolidge  | first = Austin J.|author2=John B. Mansfield  | title = A History and Description of New England| publisher = A.J. Coolidge  | year = 1859| location = Boston, Massachusetts| pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n523 483]–484| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ| quote = coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.  }}</ref>

Per a [[New Hampshire historical marker]], [[List of New Hampshire historical markers (76–100)#83|number 83]]: Effingham was home to the first [[normal school]] in New Hampshire, established in 1830 on the second floor of the [[Effingham Union Academy]] building, erected in 1819. [[James W. Bradbury]], later a [[U.S. senator]] from [[Maine]], took charge of the school only on condition that it should be for the "instruction and training of teachers". The idea was his own and, at that time, entirely novel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.geocities.ws/afka_bob/nhhistmk/nhhist083.htm |title=83. First Normal School in New Hampshire |website=geocities.ws |accessdate=February 5, 2024}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
Image:Post Office, Effingham, NH.jpg|Post Office in 1908
Image:Isaac Lord Mansion, Effingham, NH.jpg|Lord Mansion in 1908
Image:First Normal School in New England, Effingham, NH.jpg|Normal School in 1910
File:Freedom Road, Effingham Falls, NH.jpg|Effingham Falls in 1915
</gallery>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town of Effingham has a total area of {{convert|103.4|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|100.4|sqkm|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|3.0|sqkm|order=flip|1}} are water, comprising 2.87% of the town.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2021"/> Green Mountain, elevation {{convert|1884|ft|m}}, is the highest point in town. Effingham is drained by the [[Ossipee River]] and the Ossipee's tributaries, the [[Pine River (New Hampshire)|Pine]] and [[South River (Ossipee River)|South]] rivers. [[Province Lake]] lies partially within the town's borders to the south, and small portions of [[Ossipee Lake]] ([[Broad Bay (New Hampshire)|Broad Bay]] and Berry Bay) are contained to the north. The community is bounded on the east by the Maine state line, and on the north by the Ossipee River. Effingham lies fully within the [[Saco River]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]].<ref name=watershed>{{cite book |title=Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers |url=http://nh.water.usgs.gov/Publications/nh.intro.html |last=Foster |first=Debra H. |author2=Batorfalvy, Tatianna N. |author3= Medalie, Laura  |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey |year=1995}}</ref> The Ossipee River subwatershed, partially in Effingham, is home to the largest stratified-drift [[aquifer]] in New Hampshire.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.gmcg.org/research/ossipee-aquifer-protection/| title=Ossipee Aquifer Protection| publisher=Green Mountain Conservation Group| access-date=November 1, 2021}}</ref> Much of Effingham's land serves as aquifer recharge areas.

The town is served by state routes [[New Hampshire Route 25|25]] and [[New Hampshire Route 153|153]].

===Adjacent municipalities===
* [[Freedom, New Hampshire|Freedom]] (north)
* [[Parsonsfield, Maine]] (east)
* [[Wakefield, New Hampshire|Wakefield]] (southeast)
* [[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]] (west)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1790= 154
|1800= 451
|1810= 876
|1820= 1368
|1830= 1911
|1840= 1195
|1850= 1252
|1860= 1209
|1870= 904
|1880= 865
|1890= 720
|1900= 600
|1910= 558
|1920= 393
|1930= 352
|1940= 377
|1950= 341
|1960= 329
|1970= 360
|1980= 599
|1990= 941
|2000= 1273
|2010= 1465
|2020= 1691
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="Census 2020"/><ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=June 4, 2016 }}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,273 people, 490 households, and 336 families residing in the town.  The population density was {{convert|33.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 791 housing units at an average density of {{convert|20.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 98.35% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.39% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.31% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.24% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.08% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.63% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.39% of the population.

There were 490 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. Of all households, 23.3% were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.1 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,000, and the median income for a family was $38,000. Males had a median income of $29,650 versus $22,188 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $17,089.  About 8.1% of families and 15.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Notable people==
*[[David Burbank]] (1821 – 1895), [[dentist]] and [[real estate]] investor; founder and namesake of [[Burbank, California]]; born in Effingham

==See also==
{{portal|New Hampshire}}
* [[New England Masonic Charitable Institute]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.effinghamnh.net}}
* [http://effingham.lib.nh.us/ Effingham Public Library]
* [https://historiceffingham.org Historic Town Hall-Library]
* [http://www.nhes.nh.gov/elmi/products/cp/profiles-htm/effingham.htm New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile]

{{Geographic location
 | Center    = Effingham
 | North     = [[Freedom, New Hampshire|Freedom]]
 | Northeast = [[Porter, Maine]]
 | East      = [[Parsonsfield, Maine]]
 | Southeast = [[Parsonsfield, Maine]] 
 | South     = [[Wakefield, New Hampshire|Wakefield]]
 | Southwest = [[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]]
 | West      = [[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]]
 | Northwest = [[Ossipee, New Hampshire|Ossipee]]
}}
{{Carroll County, New Hampshire}}
{{Saco River}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Carroll County, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Towns in New Hampshire]]