Editing Economy of Nepal

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox economy
| country = Nepal
| image = Kathmandu City on lockdown.jpg
| caption = [[Kathmandu]], the [[financial centre]] and [[Capital city|capital]] of Nepal
| currency = [[Nepalese rupee]] (NPR, रू)
| year = 16 July - 15 July
| organs = [[WTO]] and [[South Asian Free Trade Area|SAFTA]]
| group = {{plainlist|
*[[Developing countries|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>
*Lower-middle income economy<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>}}
| population = {{increase}} 29,164,578 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/official-size-nepal-population-2021.html |title=Population, total - Nepal |date=24 March 2023 |publisher=[[Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_(Nepal)]] |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
| gdp = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $50.83 billion (nominal, 2025 est)<ref 
name="IMFWEONP">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/NPL|title=World Economic Outlook Database, 2024 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
*{{increase}} $110.61 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2025 est)<ref name="IMFWEONP"/>}}
| growth = {{plainlist|
*{{Increase}}4.2%&nbsp;(FY2020-21)
*{{Increase}}5.8%&nbsp;(FY2021-22)
*{{Increase}}4.4%&nbsp;(FY2022-23) <ref>{{cite web |title=International Monetary Fund |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/NPL#countrydata |website=www.img.org |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref>}}
| per capita = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $1,460 (nominal, 2025 est.)<ref name="IMFWEONP"/>
*{{increase}} $5,720 (PPP, 2025 est.)<ref name="IMFWEONP"/>}}
| sectors = {{plainlist|
*[[Primary sector of the economy|Agriculture]]: 24.5%
*[[Secondary sector of the economy|Industry]]: 13.7%
*[[Tertiary sector of the economy|Services]]: 61.8%
*(2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBT">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal |title=The World Factbook | publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | website=CIA.gov |access-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>}}
| inflation = 4.10% (September 2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrb.org.np/contents/uploads/2024/09/Current-Macroeconomic-and-Financial-Situation-English-Based-on-One-Month-data-of-2024.25.pdf |title=Nepal's September Inflation |access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
| poverty = {{plainlist|
*10.8% (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) - Nepal |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-07/23/c_139235741.htm |website=xinhuanet.net |publisher=Xinhuanet |access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>{{rs|sure=y|reason=deprecated; WP:RSP|date=September 2023}}
*25.3% on less than $3.20/day (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) - Nepal |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC?locations=NP&name_desc=false |website=data.worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>}}
| gini = 32.8 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=NP |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=25 January 2019}}</ref>
| hdi = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 0.601
{{color|darkorange|medium}} (2023)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|142nd]])
*{{increase}} 0.649 {{color|yellow|medium}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/138806 |website=hdr.undp.org |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>}}
| labour = {{plainlist|
*{{decrease}} 16,016,973 (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=NP&name_desc=true |title=Labor force, total |publisher=World Bank |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
*semi skilled labor<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
*76.2% employment rate (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=NP&name_desc=false |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) |publisher=World Bank |access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref>}}
| occupations = {{plainlist|
*agriculture: 43.1%
*industry: 21.24%
*services: 35.66%
*(2020)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>}}
| unemployment = 12.6% (2022)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| industries = tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| edbr = {{increase}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|94th (easy, 2020)]]<ref name="World Bank and International Financial Corporation">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/nepal |title=Ease of Doing Business in Nepal |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=2019-10-24 }}</ref>
| exports = {{decreaseNegative}} $1.13 billion (2023-24)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| export-goods = clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, jute goods<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| export-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|India}}(-) 67.7% (2023-24)
*{{flag|China}}(+) 1.7% (2023-24)
*Others(-) 30.6% (2023-24)
<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>}}
| imports = {{decreasePositive}} $11.8 billion (2023-24)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| import-goods = petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| import-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|India}}(+) 62.6%(2023-24)
*{{flag|China}}(-) 18.8%(2023-24)
* Others(-) 18.7% (2023-24)
<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>}}
| Current account = {{increasePositive}} −$68 million (2020)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| FDI = {{plainlist|
*$20 billion (31 July 2013 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
*Abroad: NA<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>}}
| gross external debt = {{decreasePositive}} $11 billion (31 December 2020)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| debt = {{increaseNegative}} 41.38% of GDP (2021/22)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/nepal-s-outstanding-debt-increased-by-rs-228-billion-during-mid-april-and-mid-october |title=Nepal's Debt |access-date=1 Jan 2023}}</ref>
| revenue = 10.925 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| expenses = 15.945 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| balance = −1% (of GDP) (2022 est.)<ref name="CIAWFBT"/>
| reserves = {{increase}} $15.58 
|ref name =“CIAWFBT”/>
| Number  =Number one poor country in world 
billion (September 2024)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrb.org.np/contents/uploads/2024/09/Current-Macroeconomic-and-Financial-Situation-English-Based-on-One-Month-data-of-2024.25.pdf |title=Nepal's Forex Reserves |access-date=26 September 2024}}</ref>
| spelling = Oxford
| cianame = nepal
}}


The '''economy of Nepal''' is a developing category and is largely dependent on [[agriculture]] and [[remittance]]s.<ref name="CIAWFBT"/> Until the mid-20th century [[Nepal]] was an isolated pre-industrial society, which entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, [[telecommunications]], electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward [[sustainable economic growth]] since the 1950s. The country was opened to [[economic liberalization]], leading to economic growth and improvement in living standards when compared to the past. The biggest challenges faced by the country in achieving higher economic development are the frequent changes in political leadership, as well as [[Corruption in Nepal|corruption]].

Nepal has used a [[Five-year plans of Nepal|series of five-year plans]] in an attempt to make progress in economic development.  It completed its ninth economic development plan in 2002; its currency has been made convertible, and 17 state enterprises have been privatised. [[Foreign aid to Nepal]] accounts for more than half of the development budget. Government priorities over the years have been result in  the development of transportation and communication facilities, agriculture, and industry. Since 1975, improved government administration and rural development efforts have been emphasised. The economy is heavily dependent on imports of basic materials and on foreign markets for its forest and agricultural products.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal/Economy</ref> Nepal possesses immense potential for sustainable energy resources that can be harnessed for energy security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability.<ref>https://www.adb.org/where-we-work/nepal/economy</ref>

[[Agriculture]] remains Nepal's principal economic activity, employing about 65% of the population and providing 31.7% of [[gross domestic product|GDP]]. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 40.7% is forested (i.e., covered by shrubs, pastureland and forest); most of the rest is mountainous. Fruits and vegetables (apples, pears, tomatoes, various salad greens, peach, nectarine, potatoes), as well as rice and wheat are the main food crops. The lowland [[Terai]] region produces an agricultural surplus, part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas.

GDP is heavily dependent on remittances (9.1%) of foreign workers.  Subsequently, economic development in social services and infrastructure in Nepal has not made dramatic progress. A countrywide primary education system is under development, and [[Tribhuvan University]] has several campuses under it . Although eradication efforts continue, [[malaria]] had been controlled in the fertile but previously uninhabitable Terai region in the south. [[Kathmandu]] is linked to [[India]] and nearby hill regions by road and an expanding highway network. The capital was almost out of fuel and supplies, due to a crippling general strike in southern Nepal on 17 February 2008.<ref>[https://archive.today/20070813051512/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/17/nepal.ap/index.html Kathmandu nearly out of fuel, Nepal says]. ''CNN''. 17 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-13.</ref>

Major towns are connected to the capital by telephone and domestic air services. The export-oriented carpet and garment industries like pasmina have grown rapidly in recent years. Together, they account for approximately 70% of the country's merchandise exports. The [[Cost of Living Index]] in Nepal is comparatively lower than many countries but not the least. The quality of life has declined to a much less desirous value in recent years.<ref name="CoLI">[http://ekendraonline.com/nepal/cost-living-index-nepal/ Cost of Living Index in Nepal  - Statistics & Graphs of Nepalese Citizen's Economic Power]. Retrieved 10 January 2014.</ref> In the 2021 Global Hunger Index, Nepal ranks 76th out of the 116 countries with sufficient data to calculate 2021 GHI scores. With a score of 19.1, Nepal has a level of hunger that is moderate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/nepal.html |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels |language=en}}</ref> Nepal has the worst road infrastructure in Asia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationthailand.com/international/30339429 | title=Best and worst Asian countries for road quality | date=22 February 2018 }}</ref> World Economics estimates Nepal's 2024 GDP at $243 billion in PPP terms (Purchasing Power Parity) and an initial estimate of $255 billion for 2025. This figure is 65% higher than the official estimate published by the World Bank.

==Foreign investments and taxation==
Huge numbers of Small Foreign Investments come to Nepal via the [[Non Resident Nepali]], who are investing in many sectors. Nepal has a huge potential for hydroelectricity. Accordingly, a large number of foreign companies are willing to invest in Nepal, but political instability has stopped the process.
Nepal has entered into agreements for avoidance of double taxation (all in credit method) with 10 countries ([https://web.archive.org/web/20111104182119/http://bndahal.hpage.com/ PSRD]) since 2000. Similarly, it has [[Investment protection]] agreements with 5 countries ([https://web.archive.org/web/20111104182119/http://bndahal.hpage.com/ PSRD]) since 1983. In 2014, Nepal restricted the [[Foreign aid]] by setting a minimum limit for foreign grants, soft and commercial loans from its development partners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal puts a minimum amount limit on foreign aid and loans |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/nepal-puts-a-minimum-amount-limit-on-foreign-aid-and-loans/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=3 July 2014}}</ref>

==Imports and exports==
Nepal's merchandise trade balance has improved somewhat since 2000 with the growth of the carpet and garment industries. In the fiscal year 2000–2001, exports posted a greater increase (14%) than imports (4.5%), helping bring the [[trade deficit]] down by 4% from the previous year to $749 million. Recently, the [[European Union]] has become the largest buyer of ready-made garments; fruits and vegetables (mostly apples, pears, tomatoes, various salads, peach, nectarine, potatoes, rice) from Nepal. Exports to the EU accounted for 46.13 percent of the country's garment exports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ktm2day.com/2011/10/11/eu-is-largest-buyer-of-nepali-garments/|title=EU as Nepal's largest exporter |date=11 October 2011 |publisher=ktm2day |access-date=11 October 2011}}</ref>

The annual monsoon rain strongly influences economic growth. From 1996 to 1999, real GDP growth averaged less than 4%. The growth rate recovered in 1999, rising to 6% before slipping slightly in 2001 to 5.5%.

Strong export performance, including earnings from tourism, and external aid have helped improve the overall balance of payments and increase international reserves. Nepal receives substantial amounts of external assistance from the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>{{cite news|title=UK should cut aid to Nepal if "endemic" corruption persists: report|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-nepal-aid-corruption-idUSKBN0MN00F20150327|access-date=16 May 2015|work=Reuters|date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=DFID's bilateral programme in Nepal|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201415/cmselect/cmintdev/854/85403.htm|publisher=The [[International Development Committee]] of the House of Commons|access-date=17 May 2015|date=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Conversation with Departing Nepal Chief of the UK Aid Agency|url=http://blog.com.np/2013/06/15/a-conversation-with-departing-nepal-chief-of-the-uk-aid-agency/|website=United We Blog! for a Democratic Nepal|access-date=16 May 2015|date=15 June 2013}}</ref> the [[United States]], [[Japan]], [[Germany]], and the [[Nordic countries]].

Several multilateral organisations such as the [[World Bank]], the [[Asian Development Bank]], and the [[UN Development Programme]] also provide assistance. In June 1998, Nepal submitted its memorandum on a foreign trade regime to the [[World Trade Organization]] and in May 2000 began direct negotiations on its accession.

==Resources==
[[File:Tourists trekking in Annapurna region.jpg|thumb|right|Tourists trekking in [[Annapurna]] region in western [[Nepal]]. Tourism plays a vital role in Nepal's economy.]]
Progress has been made in exploiting Nepal's natural resources, [[tourism]], and [[hydroelectricity]]. With eight of the world's 10 highest mountain peaks, including [[Mount Everest]] at 8,848.86 m. In the early 1990s, one large public sector project and a number of private projects were planned; some have been completed. The most significant private sector financed hydroelectric projects currently in operation are the [[Khimti Khola]] (60 MW) and the [[Bhote Koshi Project]] (36 MW). The project is still undergoing and has dependency on China, India and Japan to take the further steps.
[[File:माथिल्लो तामाकोशी निर्माणस्थल.png|alt=Upper Tamakoshi hydropower, biggest hydropower in Nepal.|thumb|Upper Tamakoshi hydropower, biggest hydropower in Nepal.]]
[[File:Kulekhani dam8.jpg|thumb|Kulekhani dam also known as "Indra sarobar"or "[[Kulekhani Reservoir]]" combinely producing 106 MW, in Makwanpur, Nepal]]
[[File:Kaligandaki A HPS Tailrace Channel.jpg| thumb|upright| [[Middle Marsyangdi Hydropower Station]], producing 70 MW. Nepal has significant potential to generate [[hydropower]], which it plans to export across South Asia.]]
Nepal has 83,000 MW of theoretical and 42,133 MW of technically/financially viable hydroelectric potential, however the total installed capacity, at present, is 2500 MW and increasing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal's Electricity|date=8 August 2024 |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/nepal-s-electricity-production-capacity-reaches-more-than-2-577-mw/}}</ref>

The environmental impact of Nepal's hydroelectric Own calendar (Bikram Sambat) New year in mid- April projects has been limited by the fact that most are "[[Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity|run-of-the-river]]" with only one storage project undertaken to date. The largest hydroelectric plant under consideration is the [[West Seti Dam]] (750 MW) storage project dedicated to exports to be built by the private sector. Negotiations with India for a [[power purchase agreement]] have been underway for several years, but agreement on pricing and financing remains a problem. Currently demand for electricity is increasing at 8-10% a year whereas Nepal's option to have agreement with India will make this fulfilment against demand. As of June 2022  surplus electricity up to 364 MWp by Nepal is exported to India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal starts exporting surplus electricity to India|date=2 June 2022 |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nea-export-surplus-electricity-india.html|publisher=english.onlinekhabar.com|access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref>

Population pressure on natural resources is increasing. Over-population is already straining the "carrying capacity" of the middle hill areas, particularly the Kathmandu Valley, resulting in the depletion of forest cover for crops, fuel, and fodder and contributing to erosion and flooding. Although steep mountain terrain makes exploitation difficult, [[mineral]] surveys have found small deposits of [[limestone]], [[magnesite]], [[zinc]], [[copper]], [[iron]], [[mica]], [[lead]], and [[cobalt]]. [[Coal mining in Nepal|Coal mining]] is also done with 11522 tones produced in 2018 alone.

The development of hydroelectric power projects also cause some tension with local indigenous groups, recently{{when|date=February 2011}} empowered by Nepal's ratification of [[ILO 169|ILO Convention 169]].<ref>[http://blog.nibrinternational.no/#post13 Jones, Peris: When the lights go out. Hydroelectric power and indigenous rights in Nepal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430042505/http://blog.nibrinternational.no/ |date=30 April 2011 }}. ''NIBR International Blog 11.03.10''</ref>

==Macro-economic trend==

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Nepal at market prices [https://web.archive.org/web/20050227201814/http://www.econstats.com/IMF/IFS_Nep1_99B__.htm#Year estimated] by the International Monetary Fund and EconStats with figures in millions of Nepali Rupees.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

{{static row numbers}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text" 
|-
! Year || Gross domestic product
|-
| 1960 || 3,870
|-
| 1965 || 5,602
|-
| 1970 || 8,768
|-
| 1975 || 16,571
|-
| 1980 || 23,350
|-
| 1985 || 46,586
|-
| 1990 || 103,415
|-
| 1995 || 219,174
|-
| 2000 || 379,488
|}
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=253,343,558,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref>
{{static row numbers}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text" style="text-align: center;"
!Year
!GDP (in billion US$ PPP)
!GDP per capita (in US$ PPP)
!GDP (in billion US$ nominal)
!GDP growth (real)
!Inflation (in Percent)
!Government debt (in % of GDP)
|-
|'''1980'''
|7.68
|491
|2.26
|−2.3%
|9.8%
|n/a
|-
|'''1985'''
|12.59
|718
|3.21
|6.1%
|4.1%
|n/a
|-
|'''1990'''
|18.37
|936
|4.44
|4.6%
|8.9%
|n/a
|-
|'''1995'''
|26.70
|1197
|5.38
|3.5%
|7.7%
|n/a
|-
|'''2000'''
|36.70
|1494
|6.54
|6.1%
|3.4%
|50.8%
|-
|'''2005'''
|49.01
|1865
|9.33
|3.5%
|4.5%
|45.1%
|-
|'''2006'''
|52.23
|1969
|10.32
|3.4%
|8.0%
|42.9%
|-
|'''2007'''
|55.47
|2076
|11.78
|3.4%
|6.2%
|37.9%
|-
|'''2008'''
|59.99
|2232
|14.31
|6.1%
|6.7%
|36.8%
|-
|'''2009'''
|63.10
|2335
|14.66
|4.5%
|12.6%
|39.5%
|-
|'''2010'''
|66.94
|2465
|18.25
|4.8%
|9.6%
|35.4%
|-
|'''2011'''
|70.66
|2591
|21.69
|3.4%
|9.6%
|32.4%
|-
|'''2012'''
|75.34
|2756
|21.70
|4.7%
|8.3%
|34.5%
|-
|'''2013'''
|79.32
|2897
|22.16
|3.5%
|9.9%
|31.9%
|-
|'''2014'''
|85.55
|3115
|22.72
|6.0%
|9.0%
|27.6%
|-
|'''2015'''
|89.78
|3252
|24.36
|4.0%
|7.2%
|25.7%
|-
|'''2016'''
|91.02
|3267
|24.52
|0.4%
|9.9%
|25.0%
|-
|'''2017'''
|100.97
|3583
|28.97
|9.0%
|4.5%
|25.0%
|-
|'''2018'''
|111.09
|3897
|33.11
|7.6%
|4.1%
|31.1%
|-
|'''2019'''
|121.06
|4199
|34.19
|6.7%
|4.6%
|34.0%
|-
|'''2020'''
|122.69
|4180
|33.43
| −2.4%
|6.2%
|43.3%
|-
|'''2021'''
|134.00
|4461
|36.93
|4.8%
|3.6%
|43.3%
|-
|'''2022'''
|151.64
|4964
|41.18
|5.6%
|6.3%
|42.7%
|-
|'''2023'''
|160.16
|5153
|40.91
|2.0%
|7.8%
|47.1%
|-
|'''2024'''
|169.12
|5348
|43.67
|3.1%
|5.6%
|49.7%
|}

==Statistics==

'''GDP:'''  purchasing power parity - $84.37 Billion (2018 est.)<ref name="indexmundi.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indexmundi.com/nepal/economy_profile.html|title=Nepal Economy Profile 2019|website=www.indexmundi.com}}</ref>{{Dubious|date=December 2019}}

'''GDP - real growth rate:''' 21.77% (2017)

'''GDP - per capita:'''  purchasing power parity (current international $) - $2700 (2017 est.)
'''GDP - composition by sector:'''
<br />''agriculture:'' 17%
<br />''industry:''    13.5%
<br />''services:''    60.5% (2017 est.)
<br />''tourism:''     9%

'''Population below poverty line:''' 25.6% (2017/2018)<ref name="2017/2018 economic survey, Nepal ministry of finance">https://mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/for%20web_Economic%20Survey%202075%20Full%20Final%20for%20WEB%20_20180914091500.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

'''Household income or consumption by percentage share:'''
<br />''lowest 10%:''   3.2%
<br />''highest 10%:'' 29.8% (1995–96)

'''Inflation rate (consumer prices):'''  4.5% (2017)

'''Labour force:''' 4 million (2016 est.) {{Citation needed|date=December 2021}}

'''Labor force - by occupation:''' agriculture 19%, services 69%, industry 12% (2014 est.)

'''Unemployment rate:'''  1.47% (2017 est.)

'''Budget:'''
<br />''revenues:'' $5.954 billion
<br />''expenditures:'' $5.974 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2017 est.)

'''Industries:'''
tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, [[jute]], [[sugar]], and [[oilseed]] mills; [[cigarette]]; [[cement]] and brick production

'''Industrial production growth rate:'''  10.9% (2017 est.):

'''Electricity - production:'''  41,083 GWh (2017)

'''Electricity - production by source:'''
<br />''fossil fuel:'' 7.5%
<br />''hydro:''      91.5%
<br />''nuclear:''        0.3%
<br />''other:''          0.7% (2001)

'''Available energy:'''6957.73 GWh (2017)
'''NEA Hydro:'''2290.78 GWh (2014)
'''NEA Thermal:'''9.56 GWh (2014)
'''purchase (total):'''2331.17 GWh (2014)
'''India (purchase):'''2175.04 GWh (2017)
'''Nepal (IPP):'''1258.94 GWh (2014)

'''Electricity - consumption:'''  4,776.53 GWh (2017)

'''Electricity - exports:'''  856 GWh (2001)
'''Electricity - imports:'''  12 GWh (2001)

'''Oil - production:'''  {{convert|0|oilbbl/d}} (2001 est.)

'''Oil - consumption:''' {{convert|1600|oilbbl/d}} 2001

'''Agriculture - products:'''
Fruits and vegetables, mostly: [[apple]]s, [[pear]]s, [[tomatoes]], [[peach]]es, [[nectarine]]s, [[potato]]es, [[rice]], [[maize]], [[wheat]], [[sugarcane]], [[root crops]], [[milk]], and [[buffalo meat]].

'''Exports:'''  $1.29 billion f.o.b., but does not include unrecorded border trade with [[India]] (2020 est.)

'''Exports - commodities:''' [[carpet]]s, clothing, [[leather]] goods, [[jute]] goods, [[cereal|grain]]

'''Exports - partners:''' [[India]] 56.6%, [[United States|US]] 11.5%, [[Turkey]] 9.2% (2016 est.)

'''Imports:'''  $1.6 billion f.o.b. (2021 est.)

'''Imports - commodities:''' [[gold]], machinery and equipment, [[petroleum]] products, electrical goods, medicine

'''Imports - partners:'''  India 70.1%, China 10.3%, [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] 2.6%, [[Singapore]] 2.1%, [[Saudi Arabia]] 1.2%. (2016 est.)

'''Debt - external:'''  $9.1 billion (2022 est.)

'''Economic aid - recipient:'''  [https://hamroblogger.com/ $2 billion] (FY 2019/20)

'''Currency:''' 1 Nepali [[rupee]] (NPR) = 100 paisa

'''Fiscal year:''' 16 July - 15 July

==See also==
{{Portal|Nepal}}
*[[Special Economic Zones (Nepal)]]
*[[Mineral resources of Nepal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2003}}
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==External links==
*[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21160796~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html Global Economic Prospects: Growth Prospects for South Asia] [[The World Bank]], 13 December 2006
*[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/NPL/Year/2011/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Nepal]
*[https://barala.com.np/nepalbudget.php Nepal Budget Summary &  formulation process]

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