Editing Economy of Mauritius

{{Short description|none}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox economy
| country = Mauritius
| image = Mauritius port louis.jpg
| caption = The capital [[Port Louis]]
| currency = [[Mauritian rupee]] (MUR, Rs)
| year = 1 July – 30 June
| organs = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]], [[WTO]], [[COMESA]], [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]], [[Indian Ocean Commission|IOC]], [[Indian Ocean Rim Association|IORA]]
| group = {{plainlist|
*[[Developing country|Developing/Emerging]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=2200&sg=All+countries+%2f+Emerging+market+and+developing+economies |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>
*Upper-middle income economy<ref name="World Bank">{{cite web |url=https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups |title=World Bank Country and Lending Groups |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=datahelpdesk.worldbank.org |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>}}
| population = {{increase}} 1,268,958 (2025)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=MU&name_desc=false |title=Population, total |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
| gdp = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $16.359 billion (nominal, 2024)<ref name="IMFWEOMU">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: April 2024|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|website=imf.org}}</ref>
*{{increase}} $40.468 billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2024)<ref name="IMFWEOMU"/>}}
| gdp rank = {{plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|133rd (nominal, 2024)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|136th (PPP, 2024)]]}}
| per capita = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $12,973 (nominal, 2024)<ref name="IMFWEOMU"/>
*{{increase}} $32,094 (PPP, 2024)<ref name="IMFWEOMU"/>}}
| per capita rank = {{plainlist|
*[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|69th (nominal, 2024)]]
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|60th (PPP, 2024)]]}}
| growth = {{plainlist|
* -14.9%&nbsp;(2020) 3.9%&nbsp;{{abbr|(2021e)|2021 estimate}}
* 5.9%&nbsp;{{abbr|(2022f)|2022 forecast}} 6.0%&nbsp;{{abbr|(2023f)|2023 forecast}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Economic Prospects, June 2022 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/37224/9781464818431.pdf |page=135 |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org |date=31 May 2022 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>}}
| gini = 36.8 {{color|darkorange|medium}} (2017)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=MU |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Mauritius |publisher=World Bank |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>
| hdi = {{plainlist|
*{{decrease}} 0.802 {{color|darkgreen|very high}} (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|63rd]])
*{{decrease}} 0.666 {{color|darkorange|medium}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/138806 |website=hdr.undp.org |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>}}
| sectors = {{plainlist|
*[[Primary sector of the economy|Agriculture]]: 4%
*[[Secondary sector of the economy|Industry]]: 21.8%
*[[Tertiary sector of the economy|Services]]: 74.1% 
*(2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>}}
| inflation = 4.7% (2020 est.)<ref name="2020/01">{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020 |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2020/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=66&pr.y=13&sy=2014&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=684&s=PPPGDP%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR&grp=0&a= |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref>
| poverty = 8% (2006 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/ |title=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |website=CIA.gov |access-date=20 April 2019}}</ref>
| labour = {{plainlist|
*{{decrease}} 559,558 (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=MU&name_desc=true |title=Labor force, total - Mauritius |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
*{{increase}} 65.3% employment rate (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMP.TOTL.SP.NE.ZS?locations=MU&name_desc=false |title=Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) - Mauritius |publisher=World Bank |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>}}
| occupations = {{plainlist|
*[[Primary sector of the economy|Agriculture]]: 8%
*[[Secondary sector of the economy|Industry]]: 29.8%
*[[Tertiary sector of the economy|Services]]: 62.2% 
*(2014 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>}}
| unemployment = {{increaseNegative}} 8.6% (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.NE.ZS?locations=MU&name_desc=false |title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) - Mauritius |publisher=World Bank |website=data.worldbank.org |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
| industries = Food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing, mining, rum distilling and chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism
| edbr = {{increase}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|13th (very easy, 2020)]]<ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/mauritius |title=Ease of Doing Business in Mauritius |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=24 November 2017 }}</ref>
| exports = {{increase}} $2.36 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| export-goods = Clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses, fish, primates (for research)
| export-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|European Union}} 28.5%
*{{flag|United States}} 12.5%
*{{flag|United Kingdom}} 12%
*{{flag|South Africa}} 9%
*{{flag|Madagascar}} 6.7%
*(2017)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>}}
| imports = {{increase}} $4.986 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| import-goods = Manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
| import-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|India}} 17.9%
*{{flag|China}} 15.7%
*{{flag|France}} 11.1%
*{{flag|South Africa}} 9.7% 
*(2017)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>}}
| current account = {{decrease}} −$875 million (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| FDI = {{plainlist|
*{{steady}} NA<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
*{{steady}} Abroad: NA<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>}}
| gross external debt = {{increaseNegative}} $19.99 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| debt = {{decreasePositive}} 64% of GDP (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| revenue = 2.994 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| expenses = 3.038 billion (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| balance = −0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| aid = $42 million (1997)
| reserves = {{increase}} $5.984 billion (31 December 2017 est.)<ref name="CIAWFMU"/>
| cianame = mauritius
}}

The '''economy of Mauritius''' is a mixed developing economy based on agriculture, exports, financial services, and tourism.<ref name = Britannica>{{cite web | title = Mauritius | url = https://www.britannica.com/place/Mauritius#ref4720 | website = Encyclopaedia Britannica | access-date = 29 October 2019}}</ref> Since the 1980s, the government of [[Mauritius]] has sought to diversify the country's economy beyond its dependence on just agriculture, particularly sugar production.<ref>[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-07-02-a-rum-assisted-explanation-of-the-mauritian-miracle/ Daily Maverick:July 2nd, 2023: A rum assisted explanation of the Mauritian Miracle]</ref>

==Overview==
[[Image:Efefef.jpg|thumb|left|Sugarcane.]]
[[Image:African working in the salt marshes.jpg|thumb|left|Working in the salt marshes.]]
In 1961, Professor James Meade painted a bleak picture of the economic prospects of Mauritius, which then had a population of 650,000. All the disadvantages associated with smallness of island states weighed heavily in his conviction that Mauritius was caught in a Malthusian trap and, therefore, if economic progress could at all be achieved, it would be to a very limited extent.{{cn|date=December 2024}} Since independence in 1968, [[Mauritius]] has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to an upper-middle income<ref name="World Bank" /> diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, ICT and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been roughly 4%. This compares very favourably with other [[sub-Saharan Africa]]n countries and is largely due to sustained progress in economic conditions; between 1977 and 2008, growth averaged 4.6% compared with a 2.9% average in sub-Saharan Africa.<ref name="ODI1">Milo Vandemoortele and Kate Bird 2010. [https://www.odi.org/publications/5184-progress-economic-conditions-mauritius-success-against-odds Progress in economic conditions in Mauritius: Success against the odds]. London: [[Overseas Development Institute]]</ref> Also important is that it has achieved what few fast growing economies achieve, a more [[Equity (economics)|equitable income distribution]] and inequality (as measured by the [[Gini coefficient]]) fell from 45.7 to 38.9 between 1980 and 2006.<ref name=ODI1/> This remarkable achievement has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings.{{cn|date=December 2024}} The government's development strategy centres on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the [[Africa Growth and Opportunity Act]] (AGOA).{{cn|date=December 2024}}

With a well-developed legal and commercial infrastructure and a tradition of entrepreneurship and representative government, Mauritius is one of the developing world's most successful democracies. The economy has shown a considerable degree of resilience, and an environment already conducive to dynamic entrepreneurial activity has moved further toward [[economic freedom]]. The island's institutional advantages are noticeable. A transparent and well-defined investment code and legal system have made the foreign investment climate in Mauritius one of the best in the region.{{cn|date=December 2024}} Taxation is competitive and efficient. The economy is increasingly diversified, with significant private-sector activity in sugar, tourism, economic processing zones, and financial services, particularly in offshore enterprises.{{cn|date=December 2024}} The government is trying to modernize the sugar and textile industries, which in the past were overly dependent on trade preferences, while promoting diversification into such areas as information and communications technology, financial and business services, seafood processing and exports, and free trade zones. Agriculture and industry have become less important to the economy, and services, especially tourism, accounted for over 72 percent of GDP.{{when|date=December 2024}} The government still owns utilities and controls imports of rice, flour, petroleum products, and cement.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

[[Europe]] and the [[United States]] are the traditional export markets of Mauritius; preferential trading deals with partners such as the [[European Union]] and the United States in some [[economic sector]]s, such as the sugar industry and in textile and clothing sectors, resulted in the significant growth of the total exports of Mauritius, especially from the 1970s to the 1990s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jonker |first=Kobus |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043830955 |title=China's impact on the African Renaissance : the baobab grows |date=2018 |others=Bryan Robinson |isbn=978-981-13-0179-7 |location=Singapore |oclc=1043830955}}</ref>{{Rp|page=253}} [[Clothing in Mauritius|Clothing and textile industry in Mauritius]] started in the 1970s, when foreign investors (mainly coming from [[Hong Kong]]) started setting up firms which would assemble imported textiles into clothing; most of those activities happed in the [[Free-trade zone|export processing zones]] (EPZs).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/758976097 |title=Fostering technology absorption in Southern African enterprises. |date=2011 |publisher=World Bank |others=Itzhak Goldberg, Smita Kuriakose, World Bank |isbn=978-0-8213-8886-0 |location=Washington, D.C. |oclc=758976097}}</ref>{{Rp|page=182}} The clothing and textile sector spearheaded the industrialization process in Mauritius; in 2019 it represented around 43% of exports.<ref>[https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/migration/mu/undp-strategic-options-for-the-mauritius-textile-and-apparel-industry-final-draft.pdf Strategic Options for the Mauritius Textile and Apparel Industry]</ref>

== History ==
The Mauritian economy has undergone remarkable transformations since independence.<ref name="Toth">{{citation-attribution|1={{cite encyclopedia|title=Indian Ocean: five island countries|publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]]|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/95016570/|last=Toth|first=Anthony|date=1995|editor-last=Metz|editor-first=Helen Chapin|editor-link=Helen Chapin Metz |edition=3rd|pages=120–121|isbn=0-8444-0857-3|oclc=32508646|entry=Mauritius: Economy}} }}</ref> From a poor country with high unemployment exporting mainly sugar and buffeted by the vagaries of world demand, Mauritius has become relatively prosperous and diverse, although not without problems.<ref name="Toth" />

The 1970s were marked by a strong government commitment to diversify the economy and to provide more high-paying jobs to the population.<ref name="Toth" /> The promotion of tourism and the creation of the EPZs did much to attain these goals.<ref name="Toth" /> Between 1971 and 1977, about 64,000 jobs were created.<ref name="Toth" /> However, in the rush to make work, the government allowed EPZ firms to deny their workers fair wages, the right to organize and strike, and the health and social benefits afforded other Mauritian workers.<ref name="Toth" /> The boom in the mid-1970s was also fuelled by increased foreign aid and exceptional sugar crops, coupled with high world prices.<ref name="Toth" />

The economic situation deteriorated in the late 1970s.<ref name="Toth" /> Petroleum prices rose, the sugar boom ended, and the balance of payments deficit steadily rose as imports outpaced exports; by 1979 the deficit amounted to a staggering US$111 million.<ref name="Toth" /> Mauritius approached the IMF and the World Bank for assistance.<ref name="Toth" /> In exchange for loans and credits to help pay for imports, the government agreed to institute certain measures, including cutting food subsidies, devaluing the currency, and limiting government wage increases.<ref name="Toth" />

By the 1980s, thanks to a widespread political consensus on broad policy measures, the economy experienced steady growth, declining inflation, high employment, and increased domestic savings.<ref name="Toth" /> The EPZ with investment principally from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and came into its own, surpassing sugar as the principal export-earning sector and employing more workers than the sugar industry and the government combined, previously the two largest employers.<ref name="Toth" /> In 1986 Mauritius had its first trade surplus in twelve years.<ref name="Toth" /> Tourism also boomed, with a concomitant expansion in the number of hotel beds and air flights.<ref name="Toth" /> An aura of optimism accompanied the country's economic success and prompted comparisons with other Asian countries that had dynamic economies, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea.<ref name="Toth" />

The economy had slowed down by the late 1980s and early 1990s, but the government was optimistic that it could ensure the long-term prosperity of the country by drawing up and implementing prudent development plans.<ref name="Toth" /> A stock exchange opened in Port Louis in 1989.<ref name="Toth" /> As of 1993, Mauritius had a gross domestic product (GDP) estimated at US$8.6 billion, with a growth rate of 5.5 percent, and an inflation rate of 10.5 percent.<ref name="Toth" />

== Policies for success ==
Recent reports on progress on the Millennium Development Goals by the [[Overseas Development Institute]] indicated four key reasons for economic success.<ref name=ODI1/>
# Heterodox liberalisation and diversification
# Concerted strategy of nation building
# Strong and inclusive institutions
# High levels of equitable public investment

=== Heterodox liberalisation and diversification ===
Mauritius has followed a pragmatic development strategy in which [[liberalisation]] process was sequenced and tailored to its [[competitive advantage]]s and weaknesses.<ref name=ODI1/> The export-orientated approach has encouraged liberalisation supported by strong state involvement as a facilitator (of the enabling environment for the private sector); as operator (to encourage competition); and as [[regulator (economics)|regulator]] (to protect the economy as well as vulnerable groups and sectors from shocks).<ref name=ODI1/> Strategies were evidence-based and adapted according to results.<ref name=ODI1/> There has been consistency and stability, regardless of which political party is in power.<ref name=ODI1/>

Liberalisation occurred in phases that were initiated to build on advantages the economy enjoyed on the international market.<ref name=ODI1/> 
* 1970s: Mauritius profited from sugar rents, established an [[export processing zone]] EPZ and successfully attracted capital and foreign investment in manufacturing, from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
* 1980s–1990s: EPZ expanded and led to a significant increase in [[foreign direct investment]] (FDI) and tourism. Preferential access to sugar and clothing markets amounted to 7% of GDP in the 1980s and 4.5% in the 1990s, capital and current accounts were liberalised, contributing to an investment and employment boom and the high inflow of FDI brought with it managerial skills.
* 1990s–2010: Further diversification, liberalisation and investment as Chinese investors left to pursue investments in Africa and China.

=== Concerted strategy of nation building ===
A concerted strategy of nation building since Independence created the foundations for sustained growth.<ref name=ODI1/> Partnerships across ethnic groups allowed economic redistribution to be negotiated and the resulting better balance of economic and political power allowed strong and independent institutions.<ref name=ODI1/> The emerging political system encouraged a consultative approach to policy formation that allowed strategies for growth to be continued regardless of changes in the parties in power.<ref name=ODI1/>

=== Strong and inclusive institutions ===
Strong institutions are critical in ensuring country's competitiveness, economic resilience and stability.<ref name=ODI1/> They have supported development strategies and ensured that export earnings are reinvested in strategic and productive sectors. In the financial sector, they have built a regulated and well-capitalised banking and financial system that protected it from toxic assets prior to the [[2008 financial crisis]].<ref name=ODI1/>

====Corruption laws====
In 2002, the government adopted the Prevention of Corruption Act, which led to the setting up of an [[Independent Commission Against Corruption (Mauritius)|Independent Commission Against Corruption]] (ICAC) a few months later. The ICAC has the power to detect and investigate corruption and money-laundering offences and can also confiscate the proceeds of corruption and money laundering. Corruption is not seen as an obstacle to foreign direct investment.  Mauritius ranks 55th out of 168 countries in [[Transparency International]]’s [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] for 2023.

=== High levels of equitable public investment ===
Mauritius has a strong human capital foundation developed through consistent and equitable investment in human development.<ref name=ODI1/> This enabled Mauritius to exploit advantages, learn from expertise brought in through FDI and maintain competitiveness in a fast evolving international market.<ref name=ODI1/> Education and health services are free and have been expanded in recent years, in order to create further employment opportunities and ensuring inclusive growth. The educated and adaptable workforce were essential elements of 1980s export-orientated growth.<ref name=ODI1/> Around 90% of [[entrepreneurs]] in the export processing zone (EPZ) and in the manufacturing sector were eventually Mauritian nationals, businesspeople had the human capital, education and knowledge needed to exploit market opportunities.<ref name=ODI1/>  According to the Government of Mauritius the general outlook for the manufacturing sector is positive, as the country offers many opportunities to entrepreneurs across the various value chains but insufficient skilled labour and limited research and development will remain impediments to potentially higher growth in this sector.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dedc.gov.ae/StudiesAndResearchDocument/MTR030082016MAURITIUS.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-11-04 |archive-date=2016-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032649/http://www.dedc.gov.ae/StudiesAndResearchDocument/MTR030082016MAURITIUS.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Financial services==
Mauritius provides an environment for banks, insurance and reinsurance companies, captive insurance managers, trading companies, ship owners or managers, fund managers and professionals to conduct their international business. The economic success achieved in the 1980s engendered the rapid growth of the financial services sector in Mauritius. The following types of offshore activities can be conducted in Mauritius:
* Offshore Banking
* Offshore Insurance
* Offshore Funds Management
* International Financial Services
* Operational Headquarters
* International Consultancy Services
* Shipping and Ship Management
* Aircraft Financing and Leasing
* International Licensing and Franchising
* International Data Processing and Information Technology Services
* Offshore Pension Funds
* International Trading
* International Assets Management

== Information and communication technology ==
Since 2002, Mauritius has invested heavily into the development of a hub in information and communication technology (ICT). The contribution of the ICT sector accounts for 5.7% of the GDP.<ref name="stats">{{Cite web|url=http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/Publications/Pages/ICT_Stats_Yr2016.aspx|title=Statistics Mauritius – ICT Statistics Year 2016|website=statsmauritius.govmu.org|access-date=2017-11-01}}</ref> The ICT Sector employs 15,390 people.<ref name="stats"/> Mauritius has also contributed to the development of [[Post-quantum cryptography|post quantum cryptography]] by contributing to [[GnuTLS]] with an implementation of MLKEM-1024 and SecP384R1MLKEM1024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=key_share: support SecP384r1MLKEM1024 group · gnutls/gnutls@14d00ca |url=https://github.com/gnutls/gnutls/commit/14d00caf172cc29a55848f1f5af77f898640719f |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=GitHub |language=en}}</ref>

== Agriculture ==
{{Main|Agriculture in Mauritius}}

=== Sugar industry ===
{{Main|Sugar industry of Mauritius}}

==Macroeconomic statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
!Name
!Source
!Year
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|rowspan = "4"|[[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]]
|-
|[[International Monetary Fund]]
|2012
|GDP (PPP) is $20.200 billion
|[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=97&pr.y=12&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=684&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=]
|-
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|GDP (PPP) is $19,245,631,329
|[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD/countries/order%3Dwbapi_data_value_2012%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_value-last?order=wbapi_data_value_2012%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc&display=default]<br />[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP_PPP.pdf]
|-
|[[The World Factbook]]
|2012
|GDP (PPP) is $20,950,000,000
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140403103408/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryname=Mauritius&countrycode=mp&regionCode=afr&rank=131#mp]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP (PPP) per capita]]
|-
|[[International Monetary Fund]]
|2012
|GDP (PPP) per capita is $15,591.974
|[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2013&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=16&pr1.y=7&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C624%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=PPPPC&grp=0&a=]
|-
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|GDP (PPP) per capita is $14,902
|[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc]
|-
|[[The World Factbook]]
|2013
|GDP (PPP) per capita is $16,100
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004710/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html]
|-
|rowspan = "3"|[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per person employed|GDP (PPP) per person employed]]
|-
|[[World Bank]]
|1990-2010
|
|[http://datacatalog.worldbank.org/]
|-
|[[The World Factbook]]
|2012
|
|[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510200259/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |date=2013-05-10 }}
|-
|rowspan = "5"|[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP (nominal)]]
|-
|[[United Nations]]
|2012
|GDP (nominal) is $10,086,649,093
|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnltransfer.asp?fID=2]
|-
|[[International Monetary Fund]]
|2013
|GDP (nominal) is US$11.930 billion
|[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=84&pr.y=17]
|-
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|GDP (nominal) is $10,486,037,634
|[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD]<br />[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf]
|-
|[[The World Factbook]]
|2013
|GDP (nominal) is $11.9 billion
|[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224231351/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html |date=2018-12-24 }}
|-
|rowspan = "5"|[[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|GDP (nominal) per capita]]
|-
|[[United Nations]]
|2012
|
|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selbasicFast.asp]
|-
|[[International Monetary Fund]]
|2013
|GDP (nominal) per capita is US$9,159.681
|[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=41&pr.y=13]
|-
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|
|[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx]
|-
|[[The World Factbook]]
|2013
|
|[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224231351/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html |date=2018-12-24 }}
|-
|[[Gross national income|Gross national income (Atlas method)]]
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|Gross national income is US$11,070 million
|[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNI.pdf]
|-
|[[List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita|GNI per capita (Atlas method and PPP)]]
|[[World Bank]]
|2012
|Average national income (PPP) of US$8,570 per person/Year
|[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIPC.pdf]
|}

'''Household income or consumption by percentage share''':

'''Distribution of family income – Gini index''':   39 <small>(2006 estimate)</small>

'''Agriculture – products''':   sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish

'''Industrial production growth rate''':    8% <small>(2000 estimate)</small>

'''Electricity – production''':    1,836 [[Kilowatt-hour|GWh]] <small>(2002)</small>

'''Electricity – consumption''':    1,707 GWh <small>(2002)</small>

'''Oil – consumption''':   {{convert|21000|oilbbl/d|abbr=on}} <small>(2003 estimate)</small>
<br />                      {{convert|21000|oilbbl/d|abbr=on}} <small>(2001 estimate)</small>

'''Current account balance''': $1,339 million <small>(2011 estimate)</small>
<br />                          $799.4 million <small>(2010 estimate)</small>

'''Reserves of foreign exchange and gold''':    $2,797 billion <small>(2012 estimate)</small>
<br />$2,601 billion <small>(2010 estimate)</small>

'''2013 Index of Economic Freedom rank''': 8th{{cn|date=December 2024}}

'''Exchange rates''':   Mauritian rupees per US dollar – 30.12 <small>(26 March 2014)</small>, 30.99 <small>(1 February 2010)</small>, 32.86 <small>(2006)</small>, 29.14 <small>(2005)</small>, 27.50 <small>(2004)</small>, 27.90 <small>(2003)</small>, 29.96 <small>(2002)</small>, 29.13 <small>(2001)</small>

== Climate change and the economy ==
Mauritius faces significant environmental challenges such as [[Flash flood|flash floods]] and [[coastal erosion]], which have substantial economic implications. In June 2024, the government announced plans to introduce a 2% climate levy on company profits to finance projects that combat [[climate change]] and restore the natural ecosystem. Companies with sales of less than 50 million rupees ($1.06 million) will be exempt from this levy. The proceeds from this corporate responsibility levy will be used to support national initiatives to protect, manage, invest in, and restore the country's natural ecosystem and combat the effects of climate change. The nation of 1.26 million people is experiencing more climate change-related events and needs to mobilize 300 billion rupees to meet its adaptation and mitigation goals.<ref name="Bhuckory">{{Cite web |last=Bhuckory |first=Kamlesh |date=June 7, 2024 |title=Mauritius Seeks 2% Climate Levy as Pristine Beaches Wash Out |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-07/mauritius-plans-to-levy-company-profits-to-combat-climate-change |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref>

In 2024, [[Flash flood|flash floods]] brought the capital, [[Port Louis]], to a halt, causing significant disruptions in banking and market activities. [[Tourism]], a crucial source of foreign currency for Mauritius, is expected to generate over $2 billion in earnings from visitors this year. However, more than {{convert|37|km}} of the coastline have been affected by erosion, posing a threat to this vital industry. In response, the government has allocated 3.2 billion rupees to the new climate fund, which will be used to rehabilitate approximately {{convert|26|km}} of shoreline and 30 degraded sites. For the fiscal year ending in June 2025, Mauritius' government expenditure is projected to rise by 17% to 237.3 billion rupees, with revenue expected to grow by 20% to 210.5 billion rupees. This will narrow the [[fiscal gap]] to 3.4% of GDP from 3.9% in 2024. Borrowing requirements will increase to 38 billion rupees from 30.7 billion rupees, including 14 billion rupees in foreign financing. Despite higher borrowing, public debt as a percentage of GDP is projected to decrease to 71.5% from 74.5% in 2024, though in absolute terms, it will rise to 567.49 billion rupees from 524.6 billion rupees. Additionally, a government-support agreement is expected to unlock over 15 billion rupees in private-sector investment in renewable energy projects, demonstrating the government's commitment to sustainable development and economic resilience.<ref name="Bhuckory" />

==See also==
* [[Board of Investment (Mauritius)]]
* [[Bank of Mauritius]] (central bank)
* [[Mineral industry of Mauritius]]
* [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060304020756/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/MOFSite Ministry Of Finance and Economic Development]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100625012804/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/cso Central Statistics Office] - Official gatherer and provider of statistics for Mauritius

{{Mauritius topics}}
{{World Trade Organization}}
{{Africa topic|Economy of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Economy Of Mauritius}}
[[Category:Economy of Mauritius| ]]<!--Keep with [space] index at start of list (eponymous category)-->
[[Category:African Union member economies]]
[[Category:World Trade Organization member economies|Mauritius]]