Editing Economy of Chad

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{multiple issues|
{{Update|date=February 2023}}
{{CIA}}
}}
{{Infobox economy
|country         = Chad
|image           = Tailor in Chad.jpg
|image_size      = 310px
|caption         = A tailor in [[Chad]]
|currency        = [[Central African CFA franc]] (XAF)
|fixed exchange  =
|year            = Calendar year
|organs          = [[African Union|AU]], [[African Continental Free Trade Agreement|AfCFTA]], [[World Trade Organization|WTO]]
|gdp             = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $11.051&nbsp;billion (nominal, 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=58&pr.y=7&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=628&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref>
*{{increase}} $30.507&nbsp;billion ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>}}
|growth          = {{plainlist|
*−3.0%&nbsp;(2017) 2.6%&nbsp;(2018)
*3.0%&nbsp;(2019e) 5.5%&nbsp;(2020f)<ref name=" World Bank">{{cite web |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Global Economic Prospects, January 2020: Slow Growth, Policy Challenges |page=147 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |website=openknowledge.worldbank.org |access-date=19 January 2020}}</ref>}}
|per capita      = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} $885 (nominal, 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>
*{{increase}} $2,442 ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]], 2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>}}
|sectors         = {{plainlist|
*[[Primary sector|agriculture]]: 52.7%
*[[Secondary sector|industry]]: 6.7%
*[[Service sector|services]]: 40.6%
*(2011 est.)}}
|components      =
|inflation       = 4.037% (2018 est.)<ref name="IMFWEOTD"/>
|poverty         = 66.2% (2019 est.)
|gini            =
|hdi             = {{plainlist|
*{{increase}} 0.394 {{color|red|low}} (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/137506 |title=Human Development Index (HDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|189th]])
*{{increase}} 0.251 {{color|red|low}} [[List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI|IHDI]] (2021)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/table-3-inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi |title=Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) |publisher=[[Human Development Report|HDRO (Human Development Report Office)]] [[United Nations Development Programme]] |website=hdr.undp.org |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref>}}
|edbr            = {{decrease}} [[Ease of doing business index#Ranking|182nd (below average, 2020)]]<ref name=" World Bank and International Financial Corporation ">{{cite web |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/chad |title=Ease of Doing Business in Chad |publisher=Doingbusiness.org |access-date=23 January 2017 }}</ref>
|labor           = 7.300&nbsp;million (2018)
|occupations     = agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing); industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)
|unemployment    =
|industries      = [[petroleum|oil]], cotton textiles, [[meatpacking]], brewing, [[natron]] (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, [[construction materials]]
|exports         = $1.695&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
|export-goods    = [[petroleum|oil]], cattle, cotton, [[gum arabic]]
|export-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|United States}} 58.5%
*{{flag|India}} 13.3%
*{{flag|Japan}} 11.3%
*{{flag|China}} 4.1%
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Export Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
|imports         = $2.262&nbsp;billion (2018 est.)
|import-goods    = machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, [[foodstuff]]s, textiles
|import-partners = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|France}} 16.5%
*{{flag|China}} 14.2%
*{{flag|Cameroon}} 11%
*{{flag|United States}} 6.4%
*{{flag|India}} 6%
*{{flag|Belgium}} 5.7%
*{{flag|Italy}} 4.8%
*(2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.html#cd|archive-date=13 June 2007|title=Import Partners of Chad|publisher=[[CIA World Factbook]]|year=2015|access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>}}
|FDI             = $567&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|gross external debt = $3.569&nbsp;billion (2019 est.)
|debt            =
|revenue         = $2.501&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
|expenses        = $3.482&nbsp;billion (2011 est.)
|aid             = $238.3&nbsp;million (recipient) note – $125&nbsp;million committed by [[Republic of China|Taiwan]] (1997); $30&nbsp;million committed by [[African Development Bank]]; [[Official development assistance|ODA]] $150&nbsp;million ({{As of|2001|alt=2001}})
|credit          =
|reserves        = $147.7&nbsp;million (2019 est.)
|cianame         = chad
|spelling        =
}}
The '''economy of Chad''' suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=Chad - Agricultural Sectors |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/chad-agricultural-sectors |access-date=2025-03-17 |website= International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Of Africa's Francophone countries, [[Chad]] benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the [[World Bank]], the [[African Development Bank]], and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of [[oil field]]s near [[Doba, Chad|Doba]], originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and is now operated by [[ExxonMobil]]. until 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad says it has nationalised all assets owned by Exxon Mobil |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/24/chad-says-it-has-nationalized-all-assets-owned-by-exxon-mobil |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Regarding [[gross domestic product]], Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

==Agriculture==
{{main|Agriculture in Chad}}
Chad produced in 2023:

* 878 thousand tons of [[sorghum]];
* 782 thousand tons of [[Peanut|groundnuts]];
* 634 thousand tons of [[millet]];
* 552 thousand tons of [[cereal]];
* 469 thousand tonnes of [[Yam (vegetable)|yam]] (8th largest producer in the world);<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2025 |title=Yam production and top producing countries |url=https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/yam/production}}</ref>
* 454 thousand tons of [[sugarcane]];
* 354 thousand tons of [[maize]];
* 288 thousand tons of [[cassava]];
* 224 thousand tons of [[rice]];
* 218 thousand tons of [[sweet potato]];
* 210 thousand tons of [[sesame seed]];
* 150 thousand tons of [[bean]]s;
* 165 thousand 480-lb bales of [[cotton]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chad Production |url=https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/countrysummary/default.aspx?id=CD |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=ipad.fas.usda.gov}}</ref>

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAOSTAT |url=https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref>

==Macro-economic trend==
The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=628,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! Year
! GDP
(in bn. US$ PPP)
! GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP)
!GDP
(in bn. US$ nominal)
! GDP Growth<br />(real)
!Government debt<br />(Percentage of GDP)
|-
|1980
|2.3
|498
|1.0
| -6.0%
|n/a
|-
|1985
|3.6
|704
|1.3
|7.9%
|n/a
|-
|1990
|5.2
|872
|2.5
|3.2%
|n/a
|-
|1995
|6.8
|970
|2.2
| -0.8%
|n/a
|-
|2000
|8.4
|1,005
|2.1
| -0.9%
|49.9%
|-
|2005
|18.9
|1,875
|9.1
|8.3%
|20.9%
|-
|2006
|19.8
|1,898
|10.2
|1.7%
|19.0%
|-
|2007
|21.2
|1,957
|12.0
|3.9%
|16.0%
|-
|2008
|22.5
|2,008
|14.4
|4.0%
|14.6%
|-
|2009
|23.3
|2,011
|13.0
|2.9%
|22.6%
|-
|2010
|26.0
|2,175
|14.3
|10.5%
|22.5%
|-
|2011
|26.9
|2,174
|16.2
|1.3%
|22.9%
|-
|2012
|29.3
|2,290
|16.2
|6.9%
|22.1%
|-
|2013
|31.4
|2,379
|16.9
|5.6%
|23.5%
|-
|2014
|34.0
|2,485
|18.2
|6.1%
|29.4%
|-
|2015
|34.7
|2,462
|14.5
|1.4%
|32.1%
|-
|2016
|32.9
|2,256
|13.4
| -6.3%
|38.1%
|-
|2017
|32.8
|2,182
|13.3
| -2.0%
|36.8%
|-
|2018
|36.0
|2,325
|15.3
|5.9%
|33.3%
|-
|2019
|39.3
|2,462
|14.9
|6.6%
|38.0%
|-
|2020
|36.8
|2,240
|14.6
| -2.1%
|41.2%
|-
|2021
|41.0
|2,422
|15.9
| -0.9%
|42.4%
|-
|2022
|45.5
|2,612
|16.3
|3.6%
|34.5%
|-
|2023
|49.4
|2,758
|17.6
|4.9%
|32.7%
|-
|2024
|52.2
|2,832
|18.7
|3.2%
|31.5%
|}

==Other statistics==
[[File:Chad Product Exports (2019).svg|thumb|Treemap of exports in 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Chad (TCD) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners |url=https://oec.world/en/profile/country/tcd |website=The Observatory of Economic Complexity |access-date=31 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>]]
'''GDP:'''
purchasing power parity – $28.62 billion (2017 est.)

'''GDP – real growth rate:'''
-3.1% (2017 est.)

'''GDP – per capita:'''
$2,300 (2017 est.)

'''Gross national saving:''' 
15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

'''GDP – composition by sector:'''
<br />''agriculture:''
52.3% (2017 est.) 
<br />''industry:''
14.7% (2017 est.)  
<br />''services:''
33.1% (2017 est.)

'''Population below poverty line::'''
46.7% (2011 est.)

'''Distribution of family income – Gini index:'''
43.3 (2011 est.)

'''Inflation rate (consumer prices):'''
-0.9% (2017 est.)

'''Labor force:'''
5.654 million (2017 est.)

'''Labor force – by occupation:'''
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2006 est.)

'''Budget:'''
<br />''revenues:''
1.337 billion (2017 est.) 
<br />''expenditures:''
1.481 billion (2017 est.)

'''Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):'''
-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

'''Public debt:''' 
52.5% of GDP (2017 est.) 
 
'''Industries:'''
oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

'''Industrial production growth rate:'''
-4% (2017 est.)

'''electrification:''' total population: 4%  (2013)

'''electrification:''' urban areas: 14% (<span class="subfield-note"></span>2013)

'''electrification:''' rural areas: 1% (<span class="subfield-note"></span>2013)

'''Electricity – production:'''
224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)

'''Electricity – production by source:'''
<br />''fossil fuel:''
~98%
<br />''hydro:''
0%
<br />''nuclear:''
0%
<br />''other renewable:''
~3% (2017)

'''Electricity – consumption:'''
208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

'''Electricity – exports:'''
0 kWh (2016 est.)

'''Electricity – imports:'''
0 kWh (2016 est.)

'''Agriculture – products:'''
cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

'''Exports:'''
$2.464 billion (2017 est.)

'''Exports – commodities:'''
oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

'''Exports – partners:'''
US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)

'''Imports:'''
$2.16 billion (2017 est.)

'''Imports – commodities:'''
machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

'''Imports – partners:'''
China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)

'''Debt – external:'''
$1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

'''Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:'''
$22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)

==See also==
* [[Chad]]
* [[Economy of Africa]]
* [[Petroleum industry in Chad]]
* [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

;General
*{{CIA World Factbook}}

==External links==
* [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=148 Chad latest trade data on ITC Trade Map]
* [http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTSITETOOLS/0,,contentMDK:20263700~menuPK:534320~pagePK:98400~piPK:98424~theSitePK:95474,00.html#6 World Bank – Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project]

{{Chad topics}}
{{Africa in topic|Economy of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Economy of Chad}}
[[Category:Economy of Chad| ]]
[[Category:African Union member economies|Chad]]
[[Category:World Trade Organization member economies|Chad]]