Editing Earth Summit 2002

{{Short description|International conferens in Johannesburg, South Africa in August–September 2002}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
The '''World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002''', took place in  South Africa, from 26 August to 4 September 2002. It was convened to discuss [[sustainable development]] organizations, 10 years after the first [[Earth Summit]] in Rio de Janeiro. (It was therefore also informally nicknamed "Rio 10".)

==Declarations==
The [[Johannesburg Declaration]] was the main outcome of the Summit; however, there were several other international agreements.

It laid out the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation as an action plan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/WSSD_POI_PD/English/POIToc.htm|title = Division for Sustainable Development Table of Contents}}</ref>

==Agreements==
Johannesburg, 27 August: agreement was made to restore the world's depleted fisheries for 2015. It was agreed to by negotiators at the World Summit.

Instead of new agreements between governments, the Earth Summit was organized mostly around almost 300 "partnership initiatives" known as [[Type II Partnerships|Type II]], as opposed to Type I Partnerships which are the more classic outcome of international treaties.  These were to be the key means to achieve the [[Millennium Development Goals]].  These are kept in a database of Partnerships for Sustainable Development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapps01.un.org/dsd/partnerships/public/welcome.do|title=United Nations Maintenance Page|website=webapps01.un.org}}</ref>

==U.S. participation==
The absence of the United States rendered the summit partially impotent. [[George W. Bush]] boycotted the summit and did not attend. Except for a brief appearance by [[Colin Powell]], who hurriedly addressed the closing stages of the conference while his airplane taxied on the runway of Johannesburg International, the US government did not send a delegation, earning Bush praise in a letter from conservative organizations such as [[Americans for Tax Reform]], [[American Enterprise Institute]], and [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Brainerd Dispatch, citing AP|title=Conservatives praise Bush for opting out of U.N. Earth Summit|url=http://brainerddispatch.com/stories/081502/nne_0815020004.shtml|access-date=21 June 2011|agency=Associated Press|date=15 August 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004062754/http://brainerddispatch.com/stories/081502/nne_0815020004.shtml|archive-date=4 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=WWSD Info News|url=http://www.iisd.ca/wssd/infonews9.html|work=IISD|publisher=IISD.ca|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref>

==History==

The United Nations [[Conference on the Human Environment]], was first held in [[Stockholm]], Sweden, in June 1972, and marked the emergence of international environmental law. The Declaration on the Human Environment also known as the Stockholm Declaration set out the principles for various international environmental issues, including human rights, natural resource management, pollution prevention and the relationship between the environment and development. The conference also led to the creation of the [[United Nations Environment Programme]].

The [[Brundtland Commission]] set up by [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]], the pioneer of [[sustainable development]], provided the momentum for first [[Earth Summit]] 1992 &ndash; the United Nations Conference on Environmental Development (UNCED), that was also headed by Maurice Strong, who had been a prominent member of the Brundtland Commission &ndash; and also for [[Agenda 21]].

South Africa's first [[South African National Conference on Environment and Development|National Conference on Environment and Development]] entitled, "Ecologise Politics, Politicise Ecology" was held at the [[University of the Western Cape]] in conjunction with the [[Cape Town Ecology Group]] and the Western Cape Branch of the [[World Conference on Religion and Peace]] in 1991. Prominent persons involved in this conference were [[Ebrahim Rasool]], [[Cheryl Carolus]], Faried Esack, and Julia Martin.

The initial informal discussions on a possible new Summit in 2002 were held in February 1998 and hosted by Derek Osborn who co-chaired the preparatory meetings for Rio+5 and [[Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future]]. A set of 10 governments started working informally to start putting together the possible agenda for a Summit. the non-papers produced in 1998 and 1999 ensured that when the UN Commission met in 2000 it could agree to host another Summit in 2002.

==See also==
* [[Agenda 21]]
* [[Energy development]]
* [[Global Map]]
* [[Green energy]]
* [[Sustainability]]
* [[United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development]], the follow-up conference in 2012
* [[United Nations Environment Programme]]
* [[United Nations Human Settlements Programme]]
* [[Women's Peace Train#ampala, Uganda to Johannesburg, South Africa (2002)|Women's Peace Train]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.earthsummit2002.org Earth Summit 2002]
*[http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/ Johannesburg Summit]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020815191445/http://archive.greenpeace.org/earthsummit/index.html Greenpeace Earth Summit Page]
*[http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1496&l=en Constitution of the Conference]

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[[Category:International sustainable development]]
[[Category:United Nations conferences on the environment]]
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in South Africa]]
[[Category:21st-century diplomatic conferences]]
[[Category:2002 in South Africa]]
[[Category:2002 in international relations]]
[[Category:2002 in the environment]]
[[Category:Environmental conferences]]
[[Category:United Nations development policy]]
[[Category:2000s in Johannesburg]]
[[Category:August 2002 in South Africa]]
[[Category:September 2002 in South Africa]]
[[Category:South Africa and the United Nations]]