Editing Eagle ray

{{Short description|Family of cartilaginous fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Eagle ray
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|100.5|0}} [[Late Cretaceous]] to Recent<ref name=FB/>
| image = Manta ray parking bay @ Ocean%C3%A1rio de Lisboa.jpg
| image_caption = [[Bull ray]] (''Aetomylaeus bovinus'')
| taxon = Myliobatidae
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1838
| display_parents = 2
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = 
* ''[[Aetomylaeus]]''
* ''[[Myliobatis]]''
}}

The '''eagle rays''' are a group of [[cartilaginous fish]]es in the family '''Myliobatidae''', consisting mostly of large species living in the open ocean rather than on the sea bottom.

Eagle rays feed on [[mollusk]]s, and [[crustacean]]s, crushing their shells with their flattened teeth. They are excellent swimmers and are able to breach the water up to several meters above the surface. Compared with other rays, they have long tails, and well-defined, [[rhomboid]]al bodies. They are [[ovoviviparous]], giving birth to up to six young at a time. They range from {{convert|0.48|to|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length and 7&nbsp;m (23&nbsp;ft) in wingspan.<ref name=FB>{{cite web |last1=Froese |first1=R. |last2=D. |first2=Pauly |title=FAMILY Details for Myliobatidae - Eagle and manta rays |website=FishBase |publisher=World Wide Web electronic publication |url=http://www.fishbase.org/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=22 |access-date=15 August 2005}}</ref>

==Classification==
Nelson's book ''[[Fishes of the World]]'' treats cownose rays, mantas, and devil rays as subfamilies in the Myliobatidae. However, most authors (including [[William Toby White]]) have preferred to leave the [[Rhinopteridae]] and [[Mobulidae]] outside of the Myliobatidae.<ref name=White2014>{{cite journal |last=White |first=W. T. |date=2014 |title=A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera |journal=Zootaxa |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3 |volume=3860 |number=2 |pages=149–166| pmid = 25283197 }}</ref> White (2014) retained three genera (''Aetobatus'', ''Aetomylaeus'', and ''Myliobatis'') in the Myliobatidae, while a fourth (''Pteromylaeus'') was [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymized]] with ''Aetomylaeus''.<ref name=White2014/> A 2016 paper placed ''Aetobatus'' in its own family, the [[Aetobatus|Aetobatidae]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=W. T. |last2=Naylor |first2=G. J. P. |date=2016 |title=Resurrection of the family Aetobatidae (Myliobatiformes) for the pelagic eagle rays, genus ''Aetobatus'' |journal=Zootaxa |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.10 |volume=4139 |number=3 |pages=435–438|pmid=27470816 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Genus  !! Species !! Description
|-
|[[File:Pteromylaeus bovinus valencia.jpg|175px]] || ''[[Aetomylaeus]]'' {{small|[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1908}} ||
* ''[[Aetomylaeus asperrimus]]'' <small>([[Charles Henry Gilbert|C. H. Gilbert]], 1898)</small> (rough eagle ray)<ref name=White2014/>
* ''[[Aetomylaeus bovinus]]'' <small>([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1817)</small> (bull ray) <ref name=White2014/>
* ''[[Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus]]'' <small>[[William Toby White|W. T. White]], [[Peter Robert Last|Last]] & [[Leontine Baje|Baje]], 2015</small> (blue-banded eagle ray)<ref name=White2015/>
* ''[[Aetomylaeus maculatus]]'' <small>([[John Edward Gray|J. E. Gray]], 1834)</small> (mottled eagle ray)
* ''[[Aetomylaeus milvus]]'' <small>([[Johannes Peter Müller|J. P. Müller]] & [[Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle|Henle]], 1841)</small> (smooth eagle ray)
* ''[[Spotted eagle ray|Aetomylaeus narinari]]'' <small>([[Bengt Anders Euphrasén|B. A. Euphrasén]], 1790)</small> (spotted eagle ray)
* ''[[Aetomylaeus nichofii]]'' <small>([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]] & [[Johann Gottlob Schneider|J. G. Schneider]], 1801)</small> (banded eagle ray)
* ''[[Aetomylaeus vespertilio]]'' <small>([[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1852)</small> (ornate eagle ray)
||This obscure genus is distributed in the Eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]], [[Indian Ocean]], and [[Pacific Ocean]]. These rays were named because they lack a stinger on the tail.<ref name=White2014/>
|-
|[[File:Myliobatis aquila.jpg|175px]] || ''[[Myliobatis]]'' {{small| [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1816}} ||
* ''[[Myliobatis aquila]]'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> (common eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis californica]]'' <small>[[Theodore Nicholas Gill|T. N. Gill]], 1865</small> (bat eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis chilensis]]'' <small>[[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi {Krumweide}]], 1893</small> (Chilean eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis freminvillei]]'' <small>[[Charles Alexandre Lesueur|Lesueur]], 1824</small> (bullnose eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis goodei]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1885</small> (southern eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis hamlyni]]'' <small>[[James Douglas Ogilby|J. D. Ogilby]], 1911</small> (purple eagle ray)<ref name=White2015>{{cite journal | last1 = White | first1 = W.T. | last2 = Kawauchi | first2 = J. | last3 = Corrigan | first3 = S. | last4 = Rochel | first4 = E. | last5 = Naylor | first5 = G.J.P. | year = 2015 | title = Redescription of the eagle rays ''Myliobatis hamlyni'' Ogilby, 1911 and ''M. tobijei'' Bleeker, 1854 (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from the East Indo-West Pacific | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3948 | issue = 3| pages = 521–548 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.7| pmid = 25947786 }}</ref> 
* ''[[Myliobatis longirostris]]'' <small>[[Shelton Pleasants Applegate|Applegate]] & [[John Edgar Fitch|Fitch]], 1964</small> (snouted eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis peruvianus]]'' <small>[[Samuel Garman|Garman]], 1913</small> (Peruvian eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis ridens]]'' <small>[[Natalia Lorena Ruocco|Ruocco]], [[Luis Oscar Lucifora|Lucifora]], [[Juan Martín Díaz de Astarloa|Díaz de Astarloa]], [[Ezequiel Mabragaña|Mabragaña]] & [[Sergio Matías Delpiani|Delpiani]], 2012</small> (shortnose eagle ray)
* ''[[Myliobatis tenuicaudatus]]'' <small>[[James Hector|Hector]], 1877</small> (Australian/New Zealand eagle ray) – ''M. australis'' a [[junior synonym]]
* ''[[Myliobatis tobijei]]'' <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854</small> (Japanese eagle ray)<ref name=White2015/>
||The [[common eagle ray]], ''M. aquila'', is distributed throughout the Eastern Atlantic, including the [[Mediterranean Sea]], and the [[North Sea]]. Another important species is the [[bat eagle ray]], ''M. californica'', in the Pacific Ocean. These rays can grow extremely large, up to {{convert|1.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} including the tail. The tail looks like a whip and may be as long as the body, and is armed with a stinger. Eagle rays live close to the coast in depths of {{convert|1|to|30|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and in exceptional cases, they are found as deep as {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The eagle ray is most commonly seen cruising along sandy beaches in very shallow waters, its two wings sometimes breaking the surface and giving the impression of two sharks traveling together.
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Stingray injury]]
* [[List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6629661}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Myliobatidae| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Extant Cenomanian first appearances]]