Editing Duke of Norfolk

{{Short description|Dukedom in the Peerage of England}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Norfolk 
| image             = [[File:Arms of the Duke of Norfolk.svg |150px]]
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = Arms: ''Quarterly, 1st: Gules on a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent an Escutcheon Or charged with a Demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first ([[Howard family|Howard]]); 2nd: Gules three Lions passant gardant in pale Or, Armed and Langued Azure, in chief a Label of three points Argent ([[Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk|Plantagenet of Norfolk]]); 3rd: Checky Or and Azure ([[Earl of Surrey|Warenne]]); 4th: Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure ([[Earl of Arundel|Fitzalan]]). ''
| creation_date     = {{plainlist|
*1397 <small>''(forfeit 1399–1425)'' (first creation)</small>
*1477 <small>(second creation)</small>
*1483 <small>''(forfeit 1485–1514, 1547–1553, 1572–1660)'' (third creation)</small>}} 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = {{plainlist|
*[[Richard II of England|Richard II]] <small>(first creation)</small>
* [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]] <small>(first creation, restored)</small>
* [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]] <small>(second creation)</small>
*[[Richard III of England|Richard III]] <small>(third creation)</small>
*[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] <small>(third creation, restored)</small>
*[[Mary I of England|Mary I]] <small>(third creation, restored)</small>
*[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] <small>(third creation, restored)</small>}} 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of England]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk|Thomas de Mowbray]] 
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] 
| heir_apparent     = [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel]] 
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = {{Unbulleted list|[[Earl of Arundel]]|[[Earl of Surrey]]|[[Earl of Norfolk]]|[[Earl Marshal]] (office)|[[Baron Beaumont]]|[[Baron Maltravers]]|Baron FitzAlan|Baron Clun|Baron Oswaldestre|[[Baron Howard of Glossop]]}} 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   = {{plainlist|
*1476 <small>(first creation)</small>
*1483<small> (second creation) </small>}} 
| family_seat       = {{plainlist|
*[[Arundel Castle]]
*[[Carlton Towers]]}} 
| former_seat       = {{plainlist|
*[[Framlingham Castle]]
*[[Bungay Castle]]
*[[Clun Castle]]}} 
| motto             =  
| footnotes         =  
}}
{{hatnote|For Duke of Norfolk Island in Ecuador, see [[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)|Santa Cruz Island]].}}
'''Duke of Norfolk''' is a title in the [[peerage of England]]. The premier non-royal peer, the Duke of Norfolk is additionally the premier duke and earl in the English peerage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranks and Privileges of the Peerage |url=https://debretts.com/peerage/the-peerage/ranks-and-privileges-of-the-peerage/ |website=Debrett's|access-date=11 January 2025}}</ref> The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is [[Arundel Castle]] in [[Sussex]], although the title refers to the county of [[Norfolk]]. The current duke is [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]]. The dukes have historically been [[Catholic]], a state of affairs known as [[recusancy]] in England.

All past and present dukes have been descended from [[Edward I]]. The son of [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]], was [[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey]]; the earl was descended from [[Edward III]]. As all subsequent dukes after [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]] are descendants of the Earl of Surrey, this means they are also descended from Edward III.

== History ==
[[File:John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk.jpg|thumb|[[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk]] (3rd creation)]]
[[File:Howard Augmentation.svg|thumb|Augmentation to the arms of [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]], for his services at the [[Battle of Flodden]]
'''[[Blazon]]:''' ''The Royal Shield of Scotland, having a demi-lion only, which is pierced through the mouth with an arrow.''
|165x165px]]
[[File:Coats of arms of Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk.svg|thumb|150px|Arms of [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]] (1st Creation)]]

Before the Dukes of Norfolk, there were the Bigod [[Earl of Norfolk|Earls of Norfolk]], starting with [[Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk|Roger Bigod]] from [[Normandy]] (died 1107). Their male line ended with [[Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk]], who died without an heir in 1306, so their titles and estates reverted to the crown. [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] then granted his brother, [[Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk|Thomas of Brotherton]], the title of [[Earl of Norfolk]] in 1312. It passed to Thomas's daughter (and granddaughter of Edward I), [[Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk|Margaret]], and then to her grandson, [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Mowbray]].

When [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] made Thomas Mowbray the Duke of Norfolk in 1397, he conferred upon him the estates and titles (including [[Earl Marshal]]) that had belonged to the Earls of Norfolk. His elderly grandmother, Margaret, was still alive, and so at the same time she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life. Mowbray died in exile in 1399, months after his grandmother, and his dukedom was repealed. His widow took the title of ''Countess of Norfolk''.<ref>C. Given-Wilson, 'Mowbray, Thomas (I), first duke of Norfolk (1366–1399)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004</ref>

Between 1401 and 1476, the [[House of Mowbray|Mowbray family]] held the title and estates of the Duke of Norfolk. [[John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk]], died without male issue in 1476, his only surviving child being the 3-year-old [[Anne Mowbray]]. A [[arranged marriage|marriage was arranged]] between Anne and [[Richard, Duke of York (Prince in the Tower)|Richard, Duke of York]], the 4-year-old son of [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]]. She remained Richard's [[child marriage|child bride]] until she died at the age of 8.

In accordance with the marriage arrangements, Richard inherited the lands and wealth of the Mowbray family. He was also made Duke of Norfolk. However, upon the death of Edward IV, the throne was offered to Edward's brother, [[Richard III of England|Richard III]]. After Prince Richard was lodged in June 1483 in the Tower of London, where his elder brother (briefly [[Edward V of England|Edward V]]) was too, both Richard and Edward were declared illegitimate. They subsequently [[The Princes in the Tower|disappeared]], and the titles of both York and Norfolk were forfeited to the crown.

This left [[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk|John Howard]], the son of Thomas Mowbray's elder daughter Margaret, as heir to the dukedom, and his support for Richard III's accession secured his creation as 1st Duke of Norfolk in 1483, in the title's third creation. From this point to the present, the title has remained in the hands of the descendants of John Howard, except for periods when it was temporarily forfeited.

The Catholic faith of the Howard dynasty often resulted in conflict with the reigning monarch, particularly during and after the reign of Henry VIII. In 1546, [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard, the third Duke]], fell out of favour with the dying Henry and was attainted on 27 January 1547; he was stripped of his titles and his lands reverted to the Crown. Imprisoned in the Tower of London, he narrowly escaped execution through Henry's death the following day, but remained imprisoned until the death of Edward VI and the accession of the Catholic Queen Mary to the English throne in 1553, upon which his lands and titles were restored to him. However, the Duke died the following year aged around 81, and was succeeded by his grandson Thomas as the fourth Duke of Norfolk.

Following Mary's death in 1558 and the accession of her sister Elizabeth I, the Duke was imprisoned for scheming to marry Elizabeth's cousin Mary, Queen of Scots. After his release under house arrest in 1570 and subsequent participation in the [[Ridolfi plot]] to enthrone Mary and Catholicism in England, he was executed in 1572 for treason and his lands and titles again became forfeit.

In 1660, the fourth Duke's great-great-grandson, the 23rd Earl of Arundel, was restored to the family lands and dukedom. Mentally infirm, the fifth Duke never married and died in 1677. He was succeeded by his younger brother [[Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk|Henry]] as the 6th Duke, through whom the [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk|7th Duke]], [[Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk|8th Duke]] and [[Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk|9th Duke of Norfolk]] were descended in the male-line.

At the death of the 9th Duke, the title was inherited in 1777 by his heir male, [[Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk|Charles Howard]], a grandson of Charles Howard of Greystoke, a younger brother of the 5th and 6th Dukes. He was succeeded by his son, [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk|Charles]], whose lack of a legitimate male heir resulted in the title passing to [[Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk|Bernard Howard]], a great-grandson of Bernard Howard of Glossop, the youngest brother of the 5th and 6th Dukes. The title then passed to his son in 1842, [[Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk]], who was the father of [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk]], and [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Glossop]]. By [[royal licence]] dated 26 April 1842, the 13th Duke added "Fitzalan" before his children's surnames (but not his own), so they all became Fitzalan-Howard, which surname their male-line descendants have borne ever since.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=20095 |date=29 April 1842 |page=1170 }}</ref> Their ancestor, [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]], married [[Mary FitzAlan]] (daughter and heiress of [[Henry Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel]]) in 1555.<ref>Mosley, Charles (ed.) ''Burke's Peerage, Baronetage &amp; Knightage'', 107th edition, volume 2. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Page 2821.</ref>

The title passed through the line of the elder brother from 1856 until the death in 1975 of [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk]] without male issue. Consequently, he was succeeded by his second cousin once removed, [[Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]], who was a great-grandson of the aforementioned [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Glossop|1st Baron Howard of Glossop]].

The current Duke of Norfolk is [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]], who succeeded his father, [[Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]], in 2002. He succeeded as  18th Duke of Norfolk (Premier Duke of England), 36th [[Earl of Arundel]] (Premier Earl of England), 19th [[Earl of Surrey]], 16th [[Earl of Norfolk]], 13th [[Baron Beaumont]], 26th [[Baron Maltravers]], 16th [[Baron FitzAlan]], 16th Baron Clun, 16th [[Baron Oswaldestre]], and 5th [[Baron Howard of Glossop]].<ref>Dod's Parliamentary Companion. Vacher Dod Publishing, Limited. 2004. p. 666.</ref>

The 15th Duke of Norfolk owned almost 50,000 acres with 19,400 acres in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 21,000 acres in Sussex and 4,400 acres in Norfolk.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/greatlandownerso00bateuoft/page/334/mode/1up The great landowners of Great Britain and Ireland]</ref>

== Duties and other titles ==
In addition to the ducal title, the dukes of Norfolk also hold the hereditary position of [[Earl Marshal]], which has the duty of organizing state occasions such as the [[Coronation of the British monarch|coronation of the monarch]] and the state opening of [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]]. For the last five centuries, save some periods when it was under [[attainder]], both the dukedom and the earl-marshalship have been in the hands of the Howard family. According to the [[House of Lords Act 1999]], due to his duties as Earl Marshal, Norfolk is one of only two hereditary peers automatically admitted to the [[House of Lords]], without being elected by the general body of hereditary peers (the other being the [[Lord Great Chamberlain]]).

Additionally, the Duke of Norfolk participates in the ceremony of the [[State Opening of Parliament]]. He is among the four individuals who precede the monarch, and one of the two of these who would traditionally walk facing the sovereign (thus backwards), but this has not been practised in recent years.

As the Earl Marshal, the Duke of Norfolk is head of the [[College of Arms]], through which he regulates all matters connected with armorial bearings and standards, in addition to controlling the arrangements for state functions. He is one of three claimants to the title of [[Chief Butler of England]].

The Duke of Norfolk currently holds the following subsidiary titles:
* [[Earl of Arundel]] (1289)
* [[Earl of Surrey]] (1483)
* [[Earl of Norfolk]] (1644)
* [[Baron Beaumont]] (1309)
* [[Baron Maltravers]] (1330)
* [[Baron FitzAlan]] (1627)
* Baron Clun (1627)
* [[Baron Oswaldestre]] (1627)
* [[Baron Howard of Glossop]] (1869)

All titles are in the [[Peerage of England]], save for the Barony of Howard of Glossop which is in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom]]. All descend to heirs male except the Barony of Beaumont, which can pass in the female line. The style ''Earl of Arundel'' is used as a [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] by the Duke's eldest son, the present holder being [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel]]. The style ''Lord Maltravers'' is used as a courtesy title by the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son (the Duke's grandson).

== Heraldic achievement (coat of arms) ==
{{Infobox coat of arms wide
| name =the Duke of Norfolk 
| image =Coat of arms of Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk.svg
| imagesize =300 
| notes = 
| year_adopted =1660 (by the [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk|5th Duke of Norfolk]])
| coronet =A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Duke]] 
| crest = 1st: Issuant from a Ducal Coronet Or a pair of Wings Gules each charged with a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent ([[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|Howard]]); <br /> 2nd: On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant gardant with tail extended Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Argent ([[Thomas of Brotherton]]); <br /> 3rd: On a Mount Vert a Horse passant Argent holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper ([[Earl of Arundel|Fitzalan]]). 
| torse = 
| helm =Helm of a peer 
| escutcheon =Quarterly, 1st: Gules on a Bend between six Cross-crosslets fitchy Argent an Escutcheon Or charged with a Demi-lion rampant pierced through the mouth by an arrow within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the first ([[Howard family|Howard]]); 2nd: Gules three Lions passant gardant in pale Or, Armed and Langued Azure, in chief a Label of three points Argent ([[Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk|Plantagenet of Norfolk]]); 3rd: Checky Or and Azure ([[Earl of Surrey|Warenne]]); 4th: Gules a Lion rampant Or, Armed and Langued Azure ([[Fitzalan]]). 
| supporters =Dexter a Lion, sinister a Horse both Argent the latter holding in the mouth a Slip of Oak Vert fructed proper. 
| compartment = 
| motto =''Sola Virtus Invicta'' ([[Latin]] for "Virtue alone is unconquered"). 
| orders =Circlet of the [[Royal Victorian Order]] (appointed Knight Grand Cross in 2022).<br>Often, the coat of arms of the Duke of Norfolk appears with the Garter circlet of the [[Order of the Garter]] surrounding the shield, as seen in the arms of the [[Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk|17th Duke of Norfolk]]. However, this is not hereditary; the 17th Duke did not become a Knight of the Garter until 22 April 1983. The [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk|18th Duke of Norfolk]], as of 2022, had not been appointed to the Order of the Garter. 
| other_elements =Placed behind the shield are two gold batons in [[saltire]] enamelled at the ends in black, which represent the Duke of Norfolk's office as [[Earl Marshal]] and Hereditary Marshal of England. 
| bannerimage = 
| banner = 
| badgeimage = 
| badge = 
| symbolism =The shield on the bend in the first quarter of the arms was granted as an [[augmentation of honour]] by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] to the [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|2nd Duke of Norfolk]], to commemorate his victory at the [[Battle of Flodden]]. It is a modification of the [[Royal coat of arms of Scotland]]. Instead of its normal rampant position, the lion is shown cut in half with an arrow through its mouth, commemorating the death of [[James IV of Scotland|King James IV]] at the battle.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brooke-Little |first=J.P., FSA |author-link=John Brooke-Little |title=Boutell's Heraldry |orig-year=1950 |edition=Revised |year=1978 |publisher=Frederick Warne LTD |location=London |isbn= 0-7232-2096-4 |page=125}}</ref> 
| previous_versions = 
}}

== Residences ==
[[File:Hans Holbein the Younger - Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (Royal Collection).JPG|thumb|[[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]], holding the baton of the [[Earl Marshal]]]]The main residences commonly associated with the Dukes of Norfolk are: [[Framlingham Castle]], [[Bungay Castle]], as well as [[Clun Castle]] in [[Shropshire]], which are now largely ruins; [[Worksop Manor]], [[Carlton Towers]], [[Norfolk House]] in [[London]], and most notably [[Arundel Castle]].
[[File:18th Duke of Norfolk Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|18th Duke of Norfolk, then the Earl of Arundel, at [[Carlton Towers]], 1981]]
'''Framlingham Castle''' was originally a part of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk, but when the title fell from use, the castle was administered by the crown. In 1397, it was given to Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by King Richard II. And when the Mowbray line became extinct, it passed eventually to the [[Howard family]]. Major repairs to this castle were carried out in 1485 by John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk (second creation). The castle would remain in the Howard family, and thus the Dukes of Norfolk, for a while, but would eventually pass from their possession. In 1553, for example, Framlingham was given to [[Mary I of England|Mary Tudor]], sister of [[Edward VI of England|King Edward VI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castles-abbeys.co.uk/Framlingham-Castle.html|title=www.castles-abbeys.co.uk|website=castles-abbeys.co.uk}}</ref>

'''Bungay Castle''' was also originally a part of the properties of the Earls of Norfolk. In 1483, it passed into the possession of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and the family continued to own it, apart from brief periods, until the late 20th century. However, the castle has long been in a state of decay. Consequently, in 1987, the 17th Duke of Norfolk presented the castle to the town, which  had already begun its own restoration attempts, with an endowment towards its preservation. It is now owned and administered by the Castle Trust.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bungay-suffolk.co.uk/history/castle.htm |title=Bungay Suffolk Town Guide |publisher=Bungay-suffolk.co.uk |access-date=2010-11-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514135546/http://www.bungay-suffolk.co.uk/history/castle.htm |archive-date=14 May 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Arundel Castle 2.jpg|thumb|[[Arundel Castle]]]]
'''Carlton Towers''' is in [[Carlton, Selby|Carlton]], [[North Yorkshire]]. It is a [[Victorian era|Victorian]] [[Gothic revival|gothic]] [[English country house|country house]] remodelled by [[Edward Welby Pugin]] for the 8th [[Baron Beaumont]]. It is the Yorkshire home of the Duke of Norfolk. Though the Duke of Norfolk's family still live in part of the house, it is now largely used for wedding receptions and similar events.

'''Arundel Castle''' has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Norfolk and their ancestors for more than 850 years. Built in the 11th century by [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury|Roger de Montgomery]], [[Earl of Arundel]], the castle was seized by the crown in 1102. [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], who added on to the castle, in 1155 confirmed [[William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel|William d'Aubigny]] as Earl of Arundel, with the honour and the castle of Arundel. Arundel Castle is still to this day the home of The Duke and Duchess of Norfolk and their children. The [[Fitzalan Chapel]], founded in 1390 by the 4th Earl of Arundel, is located on the western grounds outside the castle, and has been the burial place of the most recent Dukes of Norfolk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arundelcastle.org/index.htm |title=Arundel Castle |publisher=Arundel Castle |access-date=2010-11-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620044024/http://arundelcastle.org/index.htm |archive-date=20 June 2010}}</ref>

'''[[Glossop Hall]]''' as an occasional residence is situated in the High Peak District of Derbyshire.  As the family became closely connected with Sheffield, the Farm in [[Glossop]] became increasingly used, particularly when Henry Howard lived there in the 1760s; when the 14th Duke enlarged The Farm as an occasional residence; and during the time of the 15th Duke, Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, who had interest in the activities of the city. The Glossop estate was sold by the family in 1925.

== List of titleholders ==

=== Duchess of Norfolk (1397) ===

{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Richard II of England]] (''for life'')
|-
! style="width:20%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Spouse !! style="width:35%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| [[Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk|Margaret]]<br />({{Circa|1320}} – 1399) || 1397–1399|| ''widowed'' || Granddaughter of [[King Edward I]] || [[Earl of Norfolk|Countess of Norfolk]]
|}

=== Dukes of Norfolk (1397) ===
[[File:Henry Prince of Wales receiving or presenting a book - detail.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Henry V of England|Henry, Prince of Wales]], presenting [[Thomas Hoccleve|Hoccleve]]'s Regement of Princes to [[John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk]]]]
{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Richard II of England]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" | # !! style="width:20%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Spouse !! style="width:35%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| 1 || [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk|Thomas de Mowbray]]<br />(1365–1399) || 1397–1399|| [[Elizabeth Fitzalan, Duchess of Norfolk|Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan]] || Grandson of [[Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk]]; exiled by [[Richard II]] and stripped of the dukedom ||rowspan="4"| [[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Earl of Nottingham]]<br />[[Baron Mowbray]]<br />[[Baron Segrave]]
|-
| 2 || [[John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|John de Mowbray]]<br />(1392–1432) || 1425–1432|| [[Katherine Neville, Duchess of Norfolk|Lady Katherine Neville]] || Son of the preceding; restored to the dukedom
|-
| 3 || [[John de Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|John de Mowbray]]<br />(1415–1461) || 1432–1461|| Lady Eleanor Bourchier || Son of the preceding and an important figure in the [[Wars of the Roses]]
|-
| 4 || [[John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk|John de Mowbray]]<br />(1444–1476) || 1461–1476|| [[Elizabeth Talbot, Duchess of Norfolk|Lady Elizabeth Talbot]] || Son of the preceding; died without heirs male
|}

=== Dukes (Royal) of Norfolk (1477) ===

{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Edward IV of England]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" | # !! style="width:20%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Spouse !! style="width:35%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| 1 || Prince [[Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York|Richard of Shrewsbury]]<br />(1473–1483) || 1477–1483|| [[Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk]] || Son of King [[Edward IV]] and son-in-law of the [[John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk|4th Duke of Norfolk]] || [[Duke of York]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Earl of Nottingham]]
|}

=== Dukes of Norfolk (1483) ===

[[File:Thomas-howard-4th-duke-of-norfolk-02.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]]]]
[[File:Mary Howard née Blount.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (d. 1773)|Mary (née Blount), Duchess of Norfolk]], after whom [[Norfolk Island]] was named]]
[[File:17th Duke of Norfolk Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]]]]

{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Richard III of England]]
|-
! style="width:10%%" | # !! style="width:25%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:20%" | Spouse !! style="width:25%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
| 1 || [[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk|John Howard]]<br />(c. 1425 – 1485) || 1483–1485|| ''widowed'' || Grandson of [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], died at the [[Battle of Bosworth Field]], forfeiting the dukedom|| [[Baron Mowbray]]
|-
| 2 || [[Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]<br />(1443–1524) || 1514–1524|| [[Elizabeth Tilney, Countess of Surrey|Elizabeth Tilney]]<br />[[Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Agnes Tilney]] || Son of the preceding, restored to the dukedom. Great-grandfather of [[Queen Elizabeth I]]  ||rowspan="3"| [[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Baron Mowbray]]
|-
| 3 || [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]<br />(1473–1554) || 1524–1554|| [[Elizabeth Stafford, Duchess of Norfolk|Lady Elizabeth Stafford]] || Son of the preceding and uncle of [[Anne Boleyn]] and [[Catherine Howard]], forfeited the dukedom having incurred [[Henry VIII]]'s disfavour and restored by [[Mary I of England|Mary I]]
|-
| 4 || [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]<br />(1536–1572) || 1554–1572|| [[Mary FitzAlan|Lady Mary FitzAlan]]<br />[[Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk|Margaret Audley]]<br />[[Elizabeth Leyburne]] || Grandson of the preceding, executed for treason against [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]], forfeiting the dukedom
|-
| 5 || [[Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]<br />(1627–1677) || 1660–1677|| ''unmarried'' || Great-great-grandson of the preceding, restored to the dukedom|| [[Earl of Arundel]]<br />[[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Baron Mowbray]]<br />[[Baron Maltravers]]<br />[[Baron Furnivall]]
|-
| 6 || [[Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Howard]]<br />(1628–1684) || 1677–1684|| [[Jane Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Jane Bickerton]] || Brother of the preceding||rowspan="4"| [[Earl of Arundel]]<br />[[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Earl of Norwich]]<br />[[Baron Mowbray]]<br />[[Baron Maltravers]]<br />[[Baron Furnivall]]<br />[[Baron Howard of Castle Rising]]
|-
| 7 || [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Howard]]<br />(1655–1701) || 1684–1701|| [[Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (d. 1705)|Mary Mordaunt, 7th Baroness Mordaunt]] || Son of the preceding<br /><br />[[Baron Mowbray]] by [[writ of acceleration]] on 14 Jan. 1678
|-
| 8 || [[Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk|Thomas Howard]]<br />(1683–1732) || 1701–1732|| [[Maria Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Maria Shireburn]] || Nephew of the preceding
|-
| 9 || [[Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk|Edward Howard]]<br />(1685–1777) || 1732–1777|| [[Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (d. 1773)|Mary Blount]] || Brother of the preceding
|-
| 10 || [[Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk|Charles Howard]]<br />(1720–1786) || 1777–1786|| Catherine Brockholes || Second cousin of the preceding||rowspan="6"|[[Earl of Arundel]]<br />[[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Baron Maltravers]]
|-
| 11 || [[Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk|Charles Howard]]<br />(1746–1815) || 1786–1815|| [[Frances Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Frances Scudamore]] || Son of the preceding
|-
| 12 || [[Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk|Bernard Edward Howard]]<br />(1765–1842) || 1815–1842|| ''divorced'' || Third cousin of the preceding
|-
| 13 || [[Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Charles Howard]]<br />(1791–1856) || 1842–1856|| [[Charlotte Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Charlotte Leveson-Gower]] || Son of the preceding
|-
| 14 || [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard]]<br />(1815–1860) || 1856–1860|| [[Augusta Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Augusta Lyons]] || Son of the preceding
|-
| 15 || [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Fitzalan-Howard]]<br />(1847–1917) || 1860–1917|| [[Flora Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Lady Flora Paulyna Hetty Barbara Abney-Hastings]]<br />[[Gwendolen Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Gwendolen Constable-Maxwell, 12th Lady Herries of Terregles]] || Son of the preceding
|-
| 16 || [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk|Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard]]<br />(1908–1975) || 1917–1975|| [[Lavinia Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Lavinia Strutt]] || Son of the preceding || rowspan="1"|[[Earl of Arundel]]<br />[[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Baron Maltravers]]<br />[[Lord Herries of Terregles]]
|-
| 17 || [[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk|Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard]]<br />(1915–2002) || 1975–2002|| [[Anne Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Anne Constable-Maxwell]] || Second cousin once removed of the preceding||rowspan="2"|[[Earl of Arundel]]<br />[[Earl of Surrey]]<br />[[Earl of Norfolk]]<br />[[Baron Maltravers]]<br />[[Baron Beaumont]]<br />[[Baron Howard of Glossop]]
|-
| 18 || [[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk|Edward William Fitzalan-Howard]]<br />(b. 1956) || since 2002|| [[Georgina Fitzalan-Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Georgina Gore]] (<abbr>m.</abbr> 1987; <abbr>div.</abbr> 2022)
Francesca Herbert 
(<abbr>m.</abbr> 2022)
| Son of the preceding
|}

The [[heir apparent]] is the Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel|Henry Miles Fitzalan-Howard, ''styled'' Earl of Arundel]] (b. 1987).

==Remainder==
In 1660, the 23rd Earl of Arundel was restored to the Dukedom of Norfolk with remainder to:

#the heirs male of his body (''he never married'')
#the heirs male of his father [[Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel|Henry Howard, the 22nd Earl]]
##Hon. [[Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk|Henry Howard]]  (''extinct in 1777'')
##Hon. [[Philip Howard (cardinal)|Philip Howard]]  (''extinct in 1694'')
##Hon. Charles Howard (''extinct in 1815'')
##Hon. Talbot Howard
##Hon. Edward Howard
##Hon. Francis Howard
##Hon. Bernard Howard (''the present line'')
##Hon. Esme Howard (''extinct in 1728'')
##Hon. John Howard (''extinct in 1711'')
#the heirs male of his grandfather [[Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel|Thomas Howard, 21st Earl]]
##[[Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel|Henry Howard, the 22nd Earl]]
##[[William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford]] (''extinct in 1762'')
#the heirs male of his great-grandfather [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|Philip Howard, 20th Earl]], eldest son of the fourth Duke (''he had none apart from the 21st Earl'')
##[[Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel|Thomas Howard, 21st Earl]]
#the heirs male in the line of descent from [[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk|Thomas Howard]], younger half-brother of [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|Philip Howard, 20th Earl]]
##[[Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk]] (''extinct in 1745'')
##[[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire]] (''currently extant'')
##Hon. Henry Howard (''extinct in 1616'')
##Hon. Sir Charles Howard (''extinct in 1626'')
##Hon. Sir [[Robert Howard (Royalist)|Robert Howard]] (''extinct in 1653'')
##Hon. Sir [[William Howard (died 1672)|William Howard]]
##[[Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick]] (''extinct in 1715'')
#the heirs male descended from Lord William Howard, younger half-brother of [[Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel|Philip Howard, 20th Earl]]: (''both lines currently extant'')
##the heirs male in the senior line of descent from Lord William Howard through his elder son Sir Philip Howard, grandfather of the first [[Earl of Carlisle]]
##the heirs male in the junior line of descent from Lord William Howard through his second son Francis, ancestor of the Howards of Corby Castle, Cumberland, England.

In the event all the currently extant lines of descent from the fourth Duke fail in the male line, the Dukedom of Norfolk and its subsidiary titles will become extinct; though there exists a currently extant branch of the Howard dynasty, the [[Earl of Effingham|Earls of Effingham]], in descent from the second Duke, their line was unaccountably omitted from the 1660 remainder.

==Succession to the Dukedom==
{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}}}
{{tree list}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] ''Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (1536–executed 1572, when the dukedom was forfeited)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''Saint Philip Howard, 13th Earl of Arundel (1557–1595)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel (1585–1646)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''Henry Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel (1608–1652)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] ''Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk (1627–1677, succeeded as Earl of Arundel 1652, restored to Dukedom of Norfolk 1660 with the above remainder)''
*****''Hon. Bernard Howard (1641–1717)''
******''Bernard Howard (1674–1735)''
*******''Henry Howard (1713–1787)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] ''Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk (1765–1842)''
*********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] ''Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk (1791–1856)''
**********[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] ''[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Glossop]] (1818–1883)''
***********[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] ''Francis Fitzalan-Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Glossop (1859–1924)''
************[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] ''[[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 3rd Baron Howard of Glossop]] (1885–1972)''
*************[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] ''Miles Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk (1915–2002)''
**************[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|35px]] '''Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk''' (b. 1956)
***************'''(1).''' [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, Earl of Arundel]] (b. 1987)
***************'''(2).''' Lord Thomas Jack Fitzalan-Howard (b. 1992)
***************'''(3).''' Lord Philip Fitzalan-Howard (b. 1996)
**************'''(4).''' Lord Gerald Bernard Fitzalan-Howard (b. 1962)
***************'''(5).''' Arthur Stapleton Desmond Fitzalan-Howard (b. 1991)
*************''[[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007)''
**************male issue in line
*************''Lord Martin Fitzalan-Howard (1922–2003)''
**************male issue in line
*************other male issue in line
********''[[Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard]] (1766–1824)''
*********''[[Henry Howard (1802–1875)|Henry Howard]] (1802–1875)''
**********''[[Stafford Howard]] (1851–1916)''
***********''Stafford Vaughan Stepney Howard (1915–1991)''
************''Nicholas Stafford Howard (1937–2008)''
*************male issue in line
************other male issue in line
**********''[[Robert Mowbray Howard]] (1854–1928)''
***********''Henry Ralph Mowbray Howard-Sneyd  (1883–1950)''
************''Thomas Henry Gavin Howard-Sneyd  (1940–2010)''
*************male issue in line
**********[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|35px]] ''[[Esmé Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith]] (1863–1939)''
***********''[[Baron Howard of Penrith|Barons Howard of Penrith]]''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''[[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk]]'' (1561–1626)
***[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''[[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire]]'' (1587–1669)
****''[[Philip Howard (1629–1717)|Philip Howard]] (1629–1717)''
*****''Charles Howard (1681–1707)''
******''Philip Howard (1704–1741)''
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''[[John Howard, 15th Earl of Suffolk|John Howard, 15th Earl of Suffolk, 8th Earl of Berkshire]] (1739–1820)''
********''[[Earl of Suffolk|Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire]]''
**''[[Lord William Howard]] (1563–1640)''
***''Philip Howard''
****''William Howard''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|35px]] ''[[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle]] (1628–1685)''
******''[[Earl of Carlisle|Earls of Carlisle]]''
***''Francis Howard (1588–1660)''
****''William Howard (d. 1708)''
*****''Thomas Howard (d. 1740)''
******''Philip Howard (1730–1810)''
*******''[[Henry Howard (historian)|Henry Howard]] (1757–1842)''
********''[[Henry Francis Howard]] (1809–1898)''
*********''[[Henry Howard (diplomat)|Henry Howard]] (1843–1921)''
**********''George Howard (1869–1919)''
***********''Henry Howard (1907–1955)''
************male issue in line
**********''Henry Mowbray Howard (1873–1953)''
***********''Henry Edmund Howard (1923–1999)''
************male issue in line
{{tree list/end}}
<ref>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Norfolk, Duke of |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |pages=3818–3832 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>
{{collapse bottom}}

== Knights of the Garter ==

[[File:Bernard-Fitzalan-Howard-12th-Duke-of-Norfolk.jpg|thumb|12th Duke of Norfolk shown wearing the star and sash of the Order of the Garter]]

The following list is of the dukes of Norfolk, along with their year of investiture, who were also knights of the [[Order of the Garter]] across all creations of the title.

* 1383 – [[Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1421 – [[John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1451 – [[John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1472 – [[John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1475 – [[Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York|Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, 1st Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1483 – [[Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Surrey]]; degraded 1485; restored 1489; later 2nd Duke of Norfolk
* 1510 – [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1559 – [[Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk]]; degraded 1572
* 1685 – [[Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1834 – [[Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk|Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1848 – [[Henry Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1886 – [[Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1937 – [[Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk|Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk]]
* 1983 – [[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk|Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]]

== Family trees ==
{{Dukes of Norfolk family tree}}
{{Royal dukes family tree}}

== See also ==
* [[Duchess of Norfolk]]
* [[Baron Howard of Penrith]]
* [[Norfolk Herald Extraordinary]]
* [[Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* Robinson, John Martin. ''The Dukes of Norfolk: A Quincentennial History''. Oxford University Press, 1982.

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Dukes of Norfolk}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080507145140/http://www.adur.gov.uk/your-environment/river-adur.htm The River Adur (land ownership, Norfolk Bridge, etc.)]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Norfolk, Earls and Dukes of|volume=19|pages=742–744}}
* {{CathEncy|wstitle=Catholic Dukes of Norfolk}}

{{British royal titles}}
{{Extant British dukedoms}}
{{Dukes of Norfolk}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norfolk}}
[[Category:Dukes of Norfolk| ]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:English Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Howard family (English aristocracy)|*]]
[[Category:1397 establishments in England]]
[[Category:British landowners]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1397]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1481]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1483]]
[[Category:Peerages created with special remainders]]