Editing Duke of Aquitaine

{{Short description|Ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine}}
[[File:France 1154-en.svg|thumb|Map of France in 1154]]
{{Original research|date=May 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2023}}

The '''duke of Aquitaine''' ({{langx|oc|Duc d'Aquitània}}, {{langx|fr|Duc d'Aquitaine}}, {{IPA|fr|dyk dakitɛn|IPA}}) was the ruler of the [[Duchy of Aquitaine|medieval region of Aquitaine]] (not to be confused with modern-day [[Aquitaine]]) under the supremacy of [[List of Frankish kings|Frankish]], [[List of English monarchs|English]], and later [[French kings]].

As successor states of the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–721), [[Occitania|Aquitania]] (Aquitaine) and [[Languedoc]] ([[Counts of Toulouse|Toulouse]]) inherited both Visigothic law and [[Roman Law]], which together allowed women more rights than their contemporaries would enjoy until the 20th century. Particularly under the [[Visigothic Code|Liber Judiciorum]] as codified in 642/643 and expanded by the Code of [[Recceswinth]] in 653, women could inherit land and titles and manage their holdings independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, represent themselves and bear witness in court from the age of 14, and arrange for their own marriages after the age of 20.<ref name="Visgothic Women">Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane; A History of Women: Book II Silences of the Middle Ages, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Chapter 6, ''"Women in the Fifth to the Tenth Century" by Suzanne Fonay Wemple'', pg 74. According to Wemple, Visigothic women of Spain and the Aquitaine could inherit land and title and manage it independently of their husbands, and dispose of it as they saw fit if they had no heirs, and represent themselves in court, appear as witnesses (by the age of 14), and arrange their own marriages by the age of twenty</ref> As a consequence, male-preference [[primogeniture]] was the practiced succession law for the nobility.

==Coronation==
{{Unsourced|section|date=January 2025}}
The Merovingian kings and dukes of Aquitaine used [[Toulouse]] as their capital.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} The Carolingian kings used different capitals situated farther north. In 765, [[Pepin the Short]] bestowed the captured golden banner of the Aquitainian duke, [[Waifer of Aquitaine|Waiffre]], on the [[Abbey of Saint Martial, Limoges|Abbey of Saint Martial]] in Limoges.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} [[Pepin I of Aquitaine]] was buried in [[Poitiers]]. [[Charles the Child]] was crowned at [[Limoges]] and buried at [[Bourges]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} When Aquitaine briefly asserted its independence after the death of [[Charles the Fat]], it was [[Ranulf II of Aquitaine|Ranulf II of Poitou]] who took the royal title.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} In the late tenth century, [[Louis V of France|Louis the Indolent]] was crowned at [[Brioude]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

The Aquitainian ducal coronation procedure is preserved in a late twelfth-century ''ordo'' (formula) from [[Saint-Étienne]] in [[Limoges]], based on an earlier [[Holy Roman Empire|Romano-German]] ''ordo''. In the early thirteenth century a commentary was added to this ''ordo'', which emphasised Limoges as the capital of Aquitaine. The ''ordo'' indicated that the duke received a silk mantle, coronet, banner, sword, spurs, and the ring of [[Valerie of Limoges|Saint Valerie]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
<!--SHOULD BE TRANSLATED
A contemporary account of the coronation of [[Richard the Lion-hearted]] in June 1172 survives from [[Geoffrey of Vigeois]]:

{{bquote|{{lang|la|Tempore illo Rex Henricus senior filio Richardo ex voluntate matris Aquitanorum tradidit Ducatum. Post haec apud S. Hilarium Pictavis Dominica post Pentecostem, juxta consuetudinem, in Abbatis sedem elevatur: sed a Bertramno Burdegalensi et Joanne Pictavensi Praesulibus lancea ei cum vexilla praebetur.... Procedenti tempore Richardus Lemovicas veniens, in urbe cum processione suscipitur, annulo S. Valeriae decoratur, novusque Dux ab omnibus proclamatus.}}}}-->

==Visigothic dukes==
*Suatrius (flor. 493), captured by [[Clovis I]] during the ''First Franco-Visigothic War.''<ref>{{cite book |page=15|last1=Lemovicensis |first1=Ruricius |last2=Limoges) |first2=Ruricius I. (Bishop of |title=Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: A Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul |date=1999 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn=9780853237037 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-20k9DlHbVIC |language=en}}</ref>

==Dukes of Aquitaine under Frankish kings==
{{Unsourced|section|date=January 2025}}
[[Merovingian]] kings are in '''boldface'''.

*'''[[Chram]]''' (555–560)
* [[Desiderius of Aquitaine|Desiderius]] (583–587, jointly with Bladast)
* [[Bladast]] (583–587, jointly with Desiderius)
*'''[[Gundoald]]''' (584/585)
* [[Austrovald]] (587–589)
* [[Sereus]] (589–592)
*'''[[Chlothar II]]''' (592–629)
*'''[[Charibert II]]''' (629–632)
*'''[[Chilperic of Aquitaine|Chilperic]]''' (632)
* [[Boggis]] (632–660)
* [[Felix of Aquitaine|Felix]] (660–670)
* [[Lupus I of Aquitaine|Lupus I]] (670–676)
* [[Odo the Great]] (688–735), his reign commenced perhaps as late as 692, 700, or 715, unclear parentage
* [[Hunald I of Aquitaine|Hunald I]] (735–745), son of Odo the Great, abdicated to a monastery
* [[Waifer of Aquitaine|Waifer]] (745–768), son of Hunald I
* [[Hunald II of Aquitaine|Hunald II]] (768–769), probably son of Waifer
* [[Lupo II of Gascony|Lupo II]] (768–781), [[Duke of Gascony]], opposed Charlemagne's rule and Hunald's relatives.

==Direct rule of Carolingian kings==
{{main|Kingdom of Aquitaine}}

==Restored dukes of Aquitaine under Frankish kings==

The [[Carolingian]] kings again appointed Dukes of Aquitaine, first in 852, and again since 866.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} Later, this duchy was also called ''Guyenne''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}

=== House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) ===

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Name
!Birth
!Marriage(s)
!Death
![[List of Frankish kings|King of the Franks]]<br/>(reign)
|-
|'''[[Ranulf I of Poitiers|Ranulph I]]'''<br/>852{{efn|[[Count of Poitiers]] from 835, Duke of Aquitaine from 852}}<br/>–<br/>866
|820
|Adeltrude of Maine <br/>3 children
|866
|[[Charles the Bald]]<br/>843–877)
|-
|'''[[Ranulf II of Poitiers|Ranulph II]]'''{{efn|Son of Ranulf I, also [[Count of Poitiers]], called himself ''King of Aquitaine'' from 888 until his death.}}<br/>887<br/>–<br/>890
|850
|N/A
|5 August 890
|[[Charles the Fat]]<br/>(881-888)<hr/>[[Odo of France|Odo]]<br/>(888–898)
|}

=== House of Auvergne ===

The following were also [[Rulers of Auvergne|Count of Auvergne]].
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Name
!Portrait
!Birth
!Death
![[List of Frankish kings|King of the Franks]]
|-
|'''[[William I, Duke of Aquitaine|William I<br/>the Pious]]'''<br/>(893–918)
|[[File:Guillpieux.jpg|100px]]
|22 March 875
|{{Death date and age|918|7|6|875|3|22|df=y}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Odo of France|Odo]]<br/>(888–898)<hr/>[[Charles the Simple]]<br>(898–922)<hr/>[[Charles the Simple]]<br>(898–922)<hr>[[Robert I of France|Robert I]]<br/>(922–923)<hr>[[Rudolph of France|Rudolph]]<br/>(923–936)
|-
|'''[[William II of Aquitaine|William II<br/>the Younger]]'''{{efn|nephew of William I}}<br/>(918–926)
|
|
|12 December 926
|-
|'''[[Acfred of Aquitaine|Acfred]]'''{{efn|brother of William II}}<br>(926–927)
|
|
|927
|}

=== House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) restored (927–932) ===


* [[Ebalus of Aquitaine|Ebalus the Bastard]] (also called ''Manzer'') (927–932)), illegitimate son of Ranulph II and distant cousin of Acfred, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Count of Auvergne|Auvergne]].

=== House of Rouergue ===

* [[Raymond Pons of Toulouse|Raymond I Pons]] (932–936)
* [[Raymond II of Rouergue|Raymond II]] (936–955)

=== House of Capet ===

* [[Hugh the Great]] (955–962)

=== House of Poitiers (Ramnulfids) restored (962–1152) ===

* [[William III of Aquitaine|William III Towhead]] (962–963), son of Ebalus, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Count of Auvergne|Auvergne]].
* [[William IV of Aquitaine|William IV Iron Arm]] (963–995), son of William III, also [[Count of Poitiers]].
* [[William V of Aquitaine|William V the Great]] (995–1030), son of William IV, also [[Count of Poitiers]].
* [[William VI of Aquitaine|William VI the Fat]] (1030–1038), first son of William V, also [[Count of Poitiers]].
* [[Odo of Gascony|Odo]] (1038–1039), second son of William V, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Duke of Gascony]].
* [[William VII of Aquitaine|William VII the Eagle]] (1039–1058), third son of William V, also [[Count of Poitiers]].
* [[William VIII of Aquitaine|William VIII]] (1058–1086), fourth son of William V, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Duke of Gascony]].
* [[William IX of Aquitaine|William IX the Troubadour]] (or ''the Younger'') (1086–1127), son of William VIII, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Duke of Gascony]].
* [[William X of Aquitaine|William X the Saint]] (1127–1137), son of William IX, also [[Count of Poitiers]] and [[Duke of Gascony]].
* [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] (1137–1204), daughter of William X, also [[Countess of Poitiers]] and [[Duchess of Gascony]], married the kings of [[France]] and [[England]] in succession.
** [[Louis VII of France|Louis the Younger]] (1137–1152), also [[King of France]], duke [[jure uxoris|in right of his wife]].

[[File:Hommage d Édouard Ier à Philippe le Bel.jpg|thumb|Homage of [[Edward I of England]] (kneeling) to [[Philip IV of France]] (seated), by [[Jean Fouquet]]. As Duke of Aquitaine, Edward was a vassal to the French king]]
From 1152, the Duchy of Aquitaine was held by the [[House of Plantagenet|Plantagenets]], who also ruled England as independent monarchs and held other territories in France by separate inheritance (see [[Plantagenet Empire]]). The Plantagenets were often more powerful than the kings of France, and their reluctance to do homage to the kings of France for their lands in France was one of the major sources of conflict in medieval Western Europe.

=== House of Plantagenet ===

{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Name
!Portrait
!Arms
!Birth
!Marriage(s)
!Death
![[List of French monarchs#Capetian dynasty (987–1792; 1814–1848)|King of France]]
|-
|-
| rowspan = "2"| '''[[Henry II of England|Henry I]]'''{{efn|Duke of Aquitaine by right of his wife, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]].}}<br/>'''Henry Curtmantle'''<br/>18 May 1152{{Efn|Henry Curmantle was crowned as King Henry II of England on 19 December 1154 with his queen, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]].}}<br/>–<br/>June 1172<br/>''({{Age in years and months|18 May 1152|6 June 1172|duration=yes}})''
| rowspan = "2"| [[File:Henry II Illumination.jpg|100px|Henry II]]
| rowspan = "2"| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1154-1189).svg|75px<!--Arms-->|Royal Arms of England (1154–1189)]]
| rowspan = "2"| 5 March 1133<br/>[[Le Mans]]<hr/>Son of [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou]]<br/>and [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]]
| rowspan = "2"| [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]<br/>[[Bordeaux Cathedral]]<br/>18 May 1152<br/>8 children
| rowspan = "2"| 6 July 1189<br/>[[Chinon]]<br/>Aged 56{{Efn|Henry II was buried at [[Fontevraud Abbey]].}}
| [[Louis VII of France|Louis VII]] (1137-1180)
|- 
|rowspan = "4" | [[Philip II of France|Philip II]]<br/>(1180-1223)
|-
| '''[[Richard I of England|Richard I]]'''{{efn|Ruled alongside his mother, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], who acted as regent for the Duchy while he was on [[Third Crusade|crusade]] – a position he resumed on his return to Europe.}}<br/>'''Richard the Lionheart'''<br/>June 1172{{Efn|Richard was first appointed Duke of Aquitaine in 1172 by his father, [[Henry II of England]], the previous Duke.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gillingham|2002|p=40}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Turner|Heiser|2000|page=57}}</ref> Richard would later be crowned King of England on 3 September 1189, several months after his father's death on 6 July.}}<br/>–<br/>6 April 1199<br/>''({{Age in years and months|6 June 1172|6 April 1199|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:Richard I of England in the Brief Abridgement of the Chronicles of England.jpg|100px|Richard the Lionheart, an illustration from a 12th-century codex]]
| rowspan="14" | [[File:Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{small|1198-1340}}
| 8 September 1157<br/>[[Beaumont Palace]]<hr/>Son of [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]<br/>and [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]]
| [[Berengaria of Navarre]]<br/>[[Limassol]]<br/>12 May 1191<br/>No children
| 6 April 1199<br/>[[Château de Châlus-Chabrol|Châlus]]<br/>Shot by a [[crossbow bolt|quarrel]] aged 41{{Efn|Richard I was buried at [[Rouen Cathedral]]. His body currently lies at [[Fontevraud Abbey]].}}
|-
| '''[[John, King of England|John]]'''{{efn|Ruled alongside his mother, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], until her death in 1204; afterwards, sole duke of Aquitaine.}}<br/>'''John Lackland'''<br/>27 May 1199{{Efn|John was crowned on 27 May 1199.}}<br/>–<br/>19 October 1216<br/>''({{Age in years and days|27 May 1199|19 October 1216|duration=yes}})''
| [[File:John of England (John Lackland).jpg|100px|King John]]
| 24 December 1166<br/>Beaumont Palace<hr/>Son of Henry II<br/>and Eleanor of Aquitaine
| {{Gray|(1)}} [[Isabella, Countess of Gloucester|Isabel of Gloucester]]<br/>[[Marlborough Castle]]<br/>29 August 1189<br/>No children<hr/>{{Gray|(2)}} [[Isabella of Angoulême]]<br/>Bordeaux Cathedral<br/>24 August 1200<br/>5 children
| 19 October 1216<br/>[[Newark-on-Trent]]<br/>Aged 49{{Efn|John was buried at [[Worcester Cathedral]].}}
|-
| rowspan = "4"|  '''[[Henry III of England|Henry II]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Henry III (r. 1216–1272) |url=https://www.royal.uk/henry-iii-r-1216-1272 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174607/https://www.royal.uk/henry-iii-r-1216-1272 |archive-date=6 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=37}}.</ref><br/>'''Henry III of England'''<br/>28 October 1216{{Efn|Henry III was crowned on 28 October 1216.}}<br/>–<br/>16 November 1272<br/>''({{Age in years and days|28 October 1216|16 November 1272|duration=yes}})''
| rowspan = "4"| [[File:HenryIII.jpg|100px|Henry III]]
| rowspan = "4"| 1 October 1207<br/>[[Winchester Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[John, King of England|John]]<br/>and [[Isabella of Angoulême]]
| rowspan = "4"| [[Eleanor of Provence]]<br/>[[Canterbury Cathedral]]<br/>14 January 1236<br/>5 children
| rowspan = "4"| 16 November 1272<br/>[[Palace of Westminster|Westminster Palace]]<br/>Aged 65
|-
|[[Louis VIII of France|Louis VIII]]<br/> (1223-1226)
|-
|[[Louis IX of France|Louis IX]]<br/> (1226-1270)
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Philip III of France|Philip III "the Bold"]]<br/> (1270-1285)
|-
|rowspan="2"|'''[[Edward I of England|Edward I]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Edward I 'Longshanks' (r. 1272–1307) |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-i-longshanks-r-1272-1307 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125020307/https://www.royal.uk/edward-i-longshanks-r-1272-1307 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=38}}.</ref><br/>'''Edward Longshanks'''<br/>20 November 1272{{Efn|Edward I was crowned on 19 August 1274 with [[Eleanor of Castile|Queen Eleanor]].}}<br/>–<br/>7 July 1307<br/>''({{Age in years and days|20 November 1272|7 July 1307|duration=yes}})''
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Edward I - Westminster Abbey Sedilia.jpg|100px|Edward I of England]]
|rowspan="2"|17 June 1239<br/>[[Palace of Westminster]]<hr/>Son of [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]<br/>and [[Eleanor of Provence]]
|rowspan="2"|{{Gray|(1)}} [[Eleanor of Castile]]<br/>[[Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas]]<br/>18 October 1254<br/>16 children<hr/>{{Gray|(2)}} [[Margaret of France, Queen of England|Margaret of France]]<br/>Canterbury Cathedral<br/>10 September 1299<br/>3 children
|rowspan="2"|7 July 1307<br/>[[Burgh by Sands]]<br/>Aged 68
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Philip IV of France|Philip IV the Fair]]<br/>(1285-1314)
|-
|rowspan="5"| '''[[Edward II of England|Edward II]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Edward II (r. 1307–1327) |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-ii-r-1307-1327 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125020057/https://www.royal.uk/edward-ii-r-1307-1327 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=39}}.</ref><br/>'''Edward of Caernarfon'''<br/>8 July 1307{{Efn|Edward II was crowned on 25 February 1308 with [[Isabella of France|Queen Isabella]].}}<br/>–<br/>1325{{efn|Edward II continued as King of England until 20 January 1325}}<br/>''({{Age in years and days|8 July 1307|8 July 1325|duration=yes}})''
|rowspan="5"|  [[File:Edward II, King of England (Bodleian Library MS Rawlinson C 292, folio 105r).jpg|75px<!--Arms-->]]
|rowspan="5"| 25 April 1284<br/>[[Caernarfon Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]<br/>and [[Eleanor of Castile]]
|rowspan="5"| [[Isabella of France]]<br/>[[Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne|Boulogne Cathedral]]<br/>24 January 1308<br/>4 children
|rowspan="5"| 21 September 1327<br/>[[Berkeley Castle]]<br/>Murdered aged 43{{Efn|The date of Edward II's death is disputed by historian [[Ian Mortimer (historian)|Ian Mortimer]], who argues that he may not have been murdered, but held imprisoned in Europe for several more years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mortimer |first=Ian |title=The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation |date=2008 |publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-0-09-952709-1}}</ref>}}
|-
|[[Louis X of France|Louis X "the Quarreller"]]<br/> (1314-1316)
|-
|[[John I of France|John I "the Posthumous"]]<br/> (4 days in 1316)
|-
|[[Philip V of France|Philip V "the Tall"]]<br/> (1316-1322)
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Charles IV of France|Charles IV "the Fair"]]<br/> (1322-1328)
|-
|rowspan="3"| '''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Edward III (r. 1327–1377) |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-iii-r-1327-1377 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125020011/https://www.royal.uk/edward-iii-r-1327-1377 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=39}}.</ref><br/>'''Edward of Windsor'''<br/>1325{{Efn|Edward of Windsor, while still heir to the throne, was appointed Duke of Aquitaine by his father, King [[Edward II of England]].{{Sfn|Mortimer|2006|p=39}} After the king was overthrown by the [[Parliament of 1327]], Edward III was proclaimed the new King of England on 25 January 1327, and crowned on 1 February 1327.}}<br/>–<br/>24 October 1360{{efn|On 24 May 1337, [[Philip VI of France]] confiscated the Duchy of Aquitaine from Edward III, beginning the [[Hundred Years' War]].{{Sfn|Previté-Orton|1978|pages=873–876}} Regardless, Edward III continued to title himself Duke of Aquitaine, and responded by [[English claims to the French throne|claiming the throne of France for himself]]. Edward continued to use the titles of ''King of England and France'' and ''Duke of Aquitaine'' until the [[Treaty of Brétigny]] in 1360, when Edward renounced these titles in exchange for recognition as sovereign [[#Lord of Aquitaine (1360-1369)|Lord of Aquitaine]].}}<br/>''({{Age in years and days|25 January 1325|24 October 1360|duration=yes}})''
|rowspan="3"| [[File:Edward III of England (Order of the Garter).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3"| 13 November 1312<br/>[[Windsor Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]<br/>and [[Isabella of France]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br/>[[York Minster]]<br/>25 January 1328<br/>14 children
|rowspan="3"| 21 June 1377<br/>[[Sheen Palace]]<br/>Aged 64
|-
|[[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1340–1360,<br/>from 1369}}
|[[Philip VI of France|Philip VI "the Fortunate"]]<br/>(1328-1350){{efn|Philip VI and John II's position as King of France was [[English claims to the French throne|disputed]] by King [[Edward III of England]] from 1340 until 1360.|name=Contested}}
|-
|[[File:Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1360–1369}}
|[[John II of France|John II "the Good"]]<br/>(1350-1364){{efn|Philip VI and John II's position as King of France was [[English claims to the French throne|disputed]] by King [[Edward III of England]] from 1340 until 1360.|name=Contested}}
|-
|}

==Plantagenet rulers of Aquitaine==

In 1337, King [[Philip VI of France]] reclaimed the fief of [[Aquitaine]] from [[Edward III of England|Edward III]], King of England.{{Sfn|Previté-Orton|1978|pages=873–876}} Edward in turn claimed the title of [[King of France]], by right of his descent from his maternal grandfather King [[Philip IV of France]]. This triggered the [[Hundred Years' War]], in which both the [[Plantagenet]]s and the [[House of Valois]] claimed supremacy over Aquitaine.

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes}}
|-
| '''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<br/>'''Edward of Windsor'''<br/>1337-1360
| [[File:Edward III of England (Order of the Garter).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|Until 1340,<br/>1360–1369}}<hr/>[[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1340–1360,<br/>from 1369}}
| 13 November 1312<br/>[[Windsor Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]<br/>and [[Isabella of France]]
| [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br/>[[York Minster]]<br/>25 January 1328<br/>14 children
| 21 June 1377<br/>[[Sheen Palace]]<br/>Aged 64
|}

=== Lord of Aquitaine (1360-1369) ===

In 1360, both sides signed the [[Treaty of Brétigny]], in which Edward renounced the French crown but remained sovereign Lord of Aquitaine (rather than merely duke).{{sfn|Curry|2003|p=58}} However, when the treaty was [[Hundred Years' War, 1369–1389|broken in 1369]], both these English claims and the war resumed.

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes}}
|-
| '''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<br/>'''Edward of Windsor'''<br/>1337-1360
| [[File:Edward III of England (Order of the Garter).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1198-1340).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1360–1369}}
| 13 November 1312<br/>[[Windsor Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]<br/>and [[Isabella of France]]
| [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br/>[[York Minster]]<br/>25 January 1328<br/>14 children
| 21 June 1377<br/>[[Sheen Palace]]<br/>Aged 64
|}

=== Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony (1362-1372) ===

In 1362, King Edward III, as Lord of Aquitaine, made his eldest son [[Edward the Black Prince|Edward, Prince of Wales]], [[Edward the Black Prince#Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony|Prince of Aquitaine and Gascony]].<ref>{{harvnb|Hunt|1889|p=96}} cites ''Fœdera'', iii. 667.</ref>

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes}}
|-
| '''[[Edward the Black Prince|Edward, Prince of Wales]]'''<br/>19 July 1362 <br/>-<br/>6 October 1372<br/>{{age in years and days|19 July 1362|6 October 1372}}
| [[File:Edward_III_Black_Prince_14thc.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Wales_(Ancient).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]
| 15 June 1330<br/>[[Woodstock Palace]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]<br/>and [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br/>2 children
| [[Joan of Kent]]<br/>1361
| 8 June 1376<br/>[[Westminster Palace]]<br/>Aged 45
|}

On 6 October 1372, Prince Edward (who had returned to England the previous year) resigned the Principality of Aquitaine and Gascony, stating that the revenues he earned from Aquitaine were no longer sufficient to cover his expenses.<ref>{{harvnb|Hunt|1889|p=100}} cites [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000020573638&seq=316 ''Rot. Parl''. ii. 310]; Hallam, ''Const Hist'', iii. 47.</ref> Thus, King Edward III, his father, resumed his title as Duke of Aquitaine.

=== Duke of Aquitaine (1372-1453) ===

{{Nobility table header|arms=yes}}

|-
| '''[[Edward III of England|Edward III]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Edward III (r. 1327–1377) |url=https://www.royal.uk/edward-iii-r-1327-1377 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125020011/https://www.royal.uk/edward-iii-r-1327-1377 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=39}}.</ref><br/>'''Edward of Windsor'''<br/>1372<br/>–<br/>21 June 1377<br/>''(5 years)''
| [[File:Edward III of England (Order of the Garter).jpg|100px]]
| rowspan="2"|[[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|From 1369}}
| 13 November 1312<br/>[[Windsor Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]<br/>and [[Isabella of France]]
| [[Philippa of Hainault]]<br/>[[York Minster]]<br/>25 January 1328<br/>14 children
| 21 June 1377<br/>[[Sheen Palace]]<br/>Aged 64
|-
| '''[[Richard II of England|Richard II]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-12 |title=Richard II (r. 1377–1399) |url=https://www.royal.uk/richard-ii-r-1377-1399 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015943/https://www.royal.uk/richard-ii-r-1377-1399 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |access-date=16 January 2018 |website=royal.gov.uk}}; {{Harvnb|Fryde|1996|page=40}}.</ref><br/>'''Richard of Bordeaux'''<br/>22 June 1377{{Efn|Richard II was crowned on 16 July 1377.}}<br/>–<br/>1390<br/>''(13 years)''
| [[File:The Westminster Portrait of Richard II of England (1390s).jpg|100px]]
| 6 January 1367<br/>[[Archbishop's Palace of Bordeaux]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward the Black Prince]]<br/>and [[Joan of Kent]]
| {{Gray|(1)}} [[Anne of Bohemia]]<br/>14 January 1382<br/>Westminster Abbey<br/>No children<hr/>{{Gray|(2)}} [[Isabella of Valois]]<br/>[[Citadel of Calais|Church of St. Nicholas, Calais]]<br/>4 November 1396<br/>No children
| 14 February 1400<br/>[[Pontefract Castle]]<br/>Aged 33
|-
| '''[[John of Gaunt|John II]]'''<br />'''[[John of Gaunt]]'''{{efn|In 1390, King [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], son of Edward the Black Prince, appointed his uncle [[John of Gaunt]] Duke of Aquitaine. This grant expired upon the Duke's death, and the dukedom reverted to the Crown. Regardless, due to Henry IV's seizure of the crown, he still came into possession of the dukedom. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/post/Would_the_grant_of_Aquitaine_to_John_of_Gaunt_in_1399_have_been_inherited_by_Henry_Bolingbroke_had_the_latter_not_been_exiled_by_Richard_II "Would the grant of Aquitaine to John of Gaunt in 1399 have been inherited by Henry Bolingbroke had the latter not been exiled by Richard II?"] at researchgate.net</ref> {{better source needed|date=May 2020}}
}}{{efn|Also [[Duke of Lancaster#Second creation, 1362–1399|Duke of Lancaster]] (1362), [[Earl of Leicester]], [[Earl of Lancaster]], [[Earl of Derby]], [[Baron of Halton]] (1361). Formerly [[Earl of Richmond]] from 1342 until 1372.}}<br />1390<br/>-<br/>1399<br/>''9 years''
| [[File:Johnofgaunt.jpg|100px|John of Gaunt]]
| [[File:Arms_of_John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster.svg|75px]]
| 6 March 1340<br />[[Ghent]]<br />son of [[Edward III]] and [[Philippa of Hainault]]|| [[Blanche of Lancaster]]<br />19 May 1359 – 12 September 1368<br />8 children<br />[[Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster|Constance of Castile]]<br />21 September 1371 – 24 March 1394<br />2 children<br />[[Katherine Swynford]]<br />13 January 1396<br />4 children
| 3 February 1399<br />[[Leicester Castle]]<br />aged 58
|-
| '''[[Richard II of England|Richard II]]'''{{efn|Second tenure}}<br/>'''Richard of Bordeaux'''<br/>3 February<br/>–<br/>30 September 1399<br/>''({{age in years and days|3 February 1399|30 September 1399}})''
| [[File:The Westminster Portrait of Richard II of England (1390s).jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1395-1399).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1395–1399}}
| 6 January 1367<br/>[[Archbishop's Palace of Bordeaux]]<hr/>Son of [[Edward the Black Prince]]<br/>and [[Joan of Kent]]
| {{Gray|(1)}} [[Anne of Bohemia]]<br/>14 January 1382<br/>Westminster Abbey<br/>No children<hr/>{{Gray|(2)}} [[Isabella of Valois]]<br/>[[Citadel of Calais|Church of St. Nicholas, Calais]]<br/>4 November 1396<br/>No children
| 14 February 1400<br/>[[Pontefract Castle]]<br/>Aged 33
|-
| '''[[Henry IV of England|Henry III of Aquitaine]]'''<br/>'''Henry IV of England'''<br/>30 September 1399{{Efn|Henry IV was crowned on 13 October 1399.|name=|group=}}<br/>–<br/>c. 1400<br/><!---''''--->
| [[File:Illumination of Henry IV (cropped).jpg|100px|Henry IV]]
| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1340-1367).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|until 1406}}
| <!--Please do not change birth year without discussing it on talk page. Thank you!-->{{circa}} April 1367<br/>[[Bolingbroke Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[John of Gaunt]]<br/>and [[Blanche of Lancaster]]
| {{Gray|(1)}} [[Mary de Bohun]]<br/>[[Arundel Castle]]<br/>27 July 1380<br/>6 children<hr/>{{Gray|(2)}} [[Joan of Navarre, Queen of England|Joanna of Navarre]]<br/>[[Winchester Cathedral]]<br/>7 February 1403<br/>No children
| 20 March 1413<br/>[[Westminster Abbey]]<br/>Aged 45
|-
| '''[[Henry V of England|Henry IV of Aquitaine]]'''<br/>'''Henry of Monmouth'''{{efn|Henry, Prince of Wales to 1413, Henry V of England afterwards}}<br/>c. 1400–<br/>31 August 1422<br/>''(22 years)''
| [[File:Henry V Miniature.jpg|100px|Henry V]]
| [[File:Arms_of_the_Prince_of_Wales_(Ancient).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|until 1406}}<hr/>[[File:Arms of the Prince of Wales (Modern).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|1406-1413}}<hr/>[[File:Royal Arms of England (1399-1603).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]<br/>{{Small|from 1413}}
| 16 September 1386<br/>[[Monmouth Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]<br/>and [[Mary de Bohun]]
| [[Catherine of Valois]]<br/>[[Troyes Cathedral]]<br/>2 June 1420<br/>1 son
| 31 August 1422<br/>[[Château de Vincennes]]<br/>Aged 35
|-
| '''[[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]<br/>'''1 September 1422{{Efn|Henry VI was crowned on 6 November 1429.|name=|group=}}<br/>–<br/>1453{{efn|Effectively lost control of Aquitaine after the end of the Hundred Year's War}}<br/>''(31 years)''
| [[File:Henry VI of England, Shrewsbury book.jpg|100px|Henry VI]]
| [[File:Royal Arms of England (1470-1471).svg|75px<!--Arms-->]]
| 6 December 1421<br/>[[Windsor Castle]]<hr/>Son of [[Henry V of England|Henry V]]<br/>and [[Catherine of Valois]]
| [[Margaret of Anjou]]<br/>[[Titchfield Abbey]]<br/>22 April 1445<br/>1 son
| 21 May 1471<br/>[[Tower of London]]<br/>Allegedly murdered aged 49
|-
|colspan="6" |[[Duchy of Aquitaine]] [[Hundred Years' War#French conquest of Gascony|annexed]] into the [[Kingdom of France]], title abolished
|}<references group="lower-roman" />

==Valois and Bourbon dukes of Aquitaine==
{{Unsourced|section|date=January 2025}}
The [[House of Valois|Valois]] kings of France, claiming supremacy over Aquitaine, granted the title of duke to their heirs, the [[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]]s.

* [[John II of France|John II]] (1345–1350), son of [[Philip VI of France]], acceded in 1350 as [[King of France]].
*[[Charles, Duke of Guyenne|Charles, Dauphin of France, Duke of Guyenne]] (1392?–1401), son of [[Charles VI of France]], Dauphin.
* [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1397-1415)|Louis]] (1401–1415), son of [[Charles VI of France]], Dauphin.

With the end of the Hundred Years' War, Aquitaine returned under direct rule of the king of France and remained in the possession of the king. Only occasionally was the duchy or the title of duke granted to another member of the dynasty.

* [[Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry|Charles, Duc de Berry]] (1469–1472), son of [[Charles VII of France]].
* [[Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine|Xavier]] (1753–1754), second son of [[Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)|Louis, Dauphin of France]].

The [[Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia]], son of [[Alfonso XIII of Spain]], was one of the [[Legitimists|Legitimist]] pretenders to the French throne; as such he named his son, [[Gonzalo, Duke of Aquitaine]] (1972–2000); Gonzalo had no legitimate children.

== Family tree ==
'''[[File:AquitaineDukes.png]]'''

== See also ==
* [[List of Aquitainian consorts]]

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Dukes of Aquitaine}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book |last=Gillingham |first=John |title=Richard I |date=2002 |author-mask=2 |orig-date=1999 |place=London |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-3000-9404-6}}.
* {{cite book |title=The Hundred Years War |first=Anne |last=Curry | author-link = Anne Curry | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2003 }}
* {{Cite book |title=Handbook of British Chronology |publisher=Royal Historical Society |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-521-56350-5 |editor-last=Fryde |editor-first=Edmund B. |editor-link=Edmund Fryde |edition=3rd}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mortimer |first=Ian |title=The Perfect King: The Life of Edward III, Father of the English Nation |date=2006 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |isbn=0-2240-7301-X |location=London |author-link=Ian Mortimer (historian)}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=The shorter Cambridge Medieval History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |last=Previté-Orton |first=C. |date=1978 |author-link=Charles William Previté-Orton |volume=2 |isbn=978-0-5212-0963-2}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Ralph V. |title=The Reign of Richard Lionheart, Ruler of the Angevin empire, 1189–1199 |date=2000 |place=Harlow |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-5822-5659-0 |last2=Heiser |first2=Richard R}}.

===Attribution===
* {{DNB|mode=cs2 |last=Hunt |first=William |wstitle=Edward the Black Prince |volume=17 |pages=90–101}}

[[Category:Dukes of Aquitaine| 01]]
[[Category:Dukedoms of France|Aquitaine]]