Editing Dugongidae

{{Short description|Family of mammals}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Dugongidae<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Shoshani}}</ref>
| fossil_range = [[Late Eocene]]-[[Holocene]]
| image = Dugong Marsa Alam.jpg
| image_caption = A dugong in [[Marsa Alam]]
| taxon = Dugongidae
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1821
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = 
''[[Dugong]]'' <br/>
†''[[Hydrodamalis]]'' <br/>
And see text
}}

'''Dugongidae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[Sirenia]]. The family has one surviving [[species]], the [[dugong]] (''Dugong dugon''),  one recently [[Extinction|extinct]] species, [[Steller's sea cow]] (''Hydrodamalis gigas''), and a number of extinct [[Genus|genera]] known from [[fossil]] records.
[[File:Dugong_skeleton_displayed_at_Philippine_National_Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Dugong]] skeleton displayed at [[National Museum of the Philippines|Philippine National Museum]]]] Dugongidae's body weight ranges from 217 to 307&nbsp;kg for juveniles, 334 to 424&nbsp;kg for subadults, and 435 to 568.5&nbsp;kg for adults. Oral temperatures for individual dugongs is determined from 24° to 34.2&nbsp;°C. Heart rate readings are from 40 to 96 bpm and vary between individual dugongs. Respiration rate during the out-of-water phase is from 1 to 33.<ref>Lanyon, Janet M., et al (2010). “Physiological Response of Wild Dugongs (Dugong dugon) to Out-of-Water Sampling for Health Assessment.” Aquatic Mammals, vol. 36, pp. 46-58. {{doi|10.1578/AM.36.1.2010.46}}.</ref>

==Taxonomy==
* Family '''Dugongidae'''
** Genus [[extinction|†]]''[[Anisosiren]]''
** Genus †''[[Caribosiren]]''
** Genus †''[[Indosiren]]''
** Genus †''[[Lentiarenium]]''
** Genus †''[[Kaupitherium]]''<ref>Manja Voss & Oliver Hampe (2017). "Evidence for two sympatric sirenian species (Mammalia, Tethytheria) in the early Oligocene of Central Europe". Journal of Paleontology. in press. {{doi|10.1017/jpa.2016.147}}.</ref>
** Genus †''[[Paralitherium]]''
** Genus †''[[Priscosiren]]''<ref>{{cite journal|title= Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. X. ''Priscosiren atlantica'', sp. nov |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=34|issue=4|pages=951|doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.815192|year = 2014|last1 = Vélez-Juarbe|first1 = Jorge|last2=Domning|first2=Daryl P.|s2cid=85297028}}</ref>
** Genus †''[[Prohalicore]]''
** Genus †''[[Sirenavus]]''
** Subfamily †Halitheriinae
*** Genus †''[[Halitherium]]'' (''nomen dubium'')
** Subfamily [[Dugong]]inae
*** Genus †''[[Bharatisiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Callistosiren]]''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. XI. ''Callistosiren boriquensis'', gen. et sp. nov|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=35|pages=e885034|doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.885034|year=2015|last1=Vélez-Juarbe|first1=Jorge|last2=Domning|first2=Daryl P.|issue=1 |bibcode=2015JVPal..35E5034V |s2cid=84600341}}</ref>
*** Genus †''[[Crenatosiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Corystosiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Culebratherium]]''
*** Genus †''[[Dioplotherium]]''
*** Genus †''[[Domningia]]''
*** Genus ''[[Dugong]]''
**** Species ''[[Dugong|Dugong dugon]]'', dugong
*** Genus †''[[Italosiren]]''<ref>Manja Voss; Silvia Sorbi; Daryl P. Domning (2017). "Morphological and systematic re-assessment of the late Oligocene "Halitherium" bellunense reveals a new crown group genus of Sirenia". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 62 (1): 163–172. {{doi|10.4202/app.00287.2016}}.</ref>
*** Genus †''[[Kutchisiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Nanosiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Norosiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Rytiodus]]''
*** Genus †''[[Xenosiren]]''
** Subfamily †Metaxytheriinae
*** Genus †''[[Metaxytherium]]''
** Subfamily †[[Hydrodamalinae]]
*** Genus †''[[Dusisiren]]''
*** Genus †''[[Steller's sea cow|Hydrodamalis]]''
**** Species †''[[Cuesta sea cow|Hydrodamalis cuestae]]''
**** Species †''[[Takikawa sea cow|Hydrodamalis spissa]]''<ref name=furusawa>{{cite book|last=Furusawa|first=Hitoshi|year=1988|title=A new species of hydrodamaline Sirenia from Hokkaido, Japan|publisher= Takikawa Museum of Art and Natural History|pages=1–73}}</ref>
**** Species †''[[Steller's sea cow|Hydrodamalis gigas]]'', Steller's sea cow

The genera ''[[Eosiren]]'', ''[[Eotheroides]]'', and ''[[Prototherium]]'' have been assigned to Halitheriinae in the past, but recent cladistic analysis recovers these genera as basal to the clade formed by Trichechidae and Dugongidae. Moreover, Halitheriinae is paraphyletic with respect to Dugonginae and Hydrodamalinae, and further use of the name should be discontinued because the type genus is based on a non-diagnostic tooth.<ref>{{cite journal|title= On the invalidity of ''Halitherium schinzii'' Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia), with comments on systematic consequences|journal=Zoosystematics and Evolution|volume=90|pages=87–93|doi=10.3897/zse.90.7421|year=2014|last1=Voss|first1=Manja|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Phylogeny==
{{clade|style=font-size:100%
|label1=[[Afrotheria]]
|1={{Clade
   |label1=[[Afroinsectiphilia]]
   |1={{Clade
      |label1=[[Tubulidentata]]
                 |1=[[Orycteropodidae]][[File:Aardvark2 (PSF) colourised.png|60 px]]
      |label2=[[Afroinsectivora]]
      |2={{Clade
         |label1=[[Macroscelidea]]
                    |1=[[Macroscelididae]][[File:Rhynchocyon chrysopygus-J Smit white background.jpg|50 px]]
         |label2=[[Afrosoricida]]
                     |2={{Clade
                         |1=[[Chrysochloridae]][[File:The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals (Pl. 18) (Chrysochloris asiatica).jpg|50 px]]
                         |2=[[Tenrecidae]][[File:Brehms Thierleben - Allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs (1876) (Tenrec ecaudatus).jpg|50 px]]
      }} }} }}
   |label2=[[Paenungulata]]
   |2={{Clade
      |label1=[[Hyrax|Hyracoidea]]
                 |1=[[Hyrax|Procaviidae]][[File:DendrohyraxEminiSmit white background.jpg|50 px]]
      |label2=[[Tethytheria]]
      |2={{Clade
         |label1=[[Proboscidea]]
                    |1=[[Elephantidae]][[File:Elephas africanus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - (white background).jpg|70 px]]
         |label2=[[Sirenia]]
                     |2={{Clade
                         |1='''Dugongidae'''[[File:Dugong dugon Hardwicke white background.jpg|60 px]]
                         |2=[[Trichechidae]][[File:Manatee white background.jpg|60 px]]
         }} }} }} }} }}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Sirenia}}
{{Sirenian genera|state=autocollapse}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q838603}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dugongidae| ]]
[[Category:Sirenians]]
[[Category:Mammal families]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]


{{afrotheria-stub}}