Editing Dryas (mythology)

{{Distinguish|Dryad}}

'''Dryas''' ([[Ancient Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Δρύας}}, [[genitive case|gen.]] {{lang|grc|Δρύαντος}}, from {{lang|grc|δρῦς}} "[[oak]]") is the name of several figures in [[Greek mythology]], including:

* Dryas, an [[Egypt|Egyptian]] prince as one of the [[Sons of Aegyptus|sons]] of King [[Aegyptus]]. His mother was the [[naiad]] [[Caliadne]] and thus full brother of [[Eurylochus (Greek myth)|Eurylochus]], [[Phantes]], [[Peristhenes]], [[Hermus]], [[Potamon (mythology)|Potamon]], [[Cisseus]], [[Lixus (mythology)|Lixus]], [[Imbrus]], [[Bromius]], [[Polyctor]] and [[Chthonius]].<ref name=":03">[[Pseudo-Apollodorus|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+2.1.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Dryas 2.1.5]</ref> In some accounts, he could be a son of Aegyptus either by [[Eurryroe]], daughter of the [[River gods (Greek mythology)|river-god]] [[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]],<ref>[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]], ''Chiliades'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades7.html 7.37, p. 368-369]</ref> or [[Isaia (mythology)|Isaie]], daughter of King [[Agenor]] of [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]].<ref>[[Scholia]] on [[Apollonius of Rhodes|Apollonius Rhodius]], Notes on Book 3.1689</ref> Dryas suffered the same fate as his other brothers, save [[Lynceus]], when they were slain on their wedding night by their wives who obeyed the command of their father King [[Danaus]] of [[Ancient Libya|Libya]]. He married the [[Danaïdes|Danaid]] [[Hecabe (mythology)|Hecabe]]<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#170 170]</ref> or [[Eurydice (Greek myth)|Eurydice]], daughter of Danaus and the naiad [[Polyxo]].<ref name=":03" />
* Dryas, a [[Thrace|Thracian]] prince as son of King [[Lycurgus (Thrace)|Lycurgus]], king of the [[Edoni]] in Thrace. He was killed when Lycurgus went insane<ref>[[Homer]] calls him ''mainomenos'', "mad", from the same root as "Maenad" ''[[Iliad]]'' 4.130-40</ref> and mistook him for a mature trunk of [[ivy]], a plant holy to the god [[Dionysus]], whose [[Cult (religion)|cult]] Lycurgus was attempting to extirpate.<ref name=":0">Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.5.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Dryas 3.5.1]</ref>
* Dryas, father of the aforementioned [[Lycurgus of Thrace|Lycurgus]], and thus grandfather of the above Dryas.<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 6.130; [[Sophocles]], ''[[Antigone (Sophocles play)|Antigone]]'' 955; Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+3.5.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Dryas 3.5.1]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#132 132]</ref>
* Dryas, a leader of the [[Lapiths]] against the [[Centaurs]], and a participant of the battle that began at the wedding of [[Pirithous]] and [[Hippodamia (wife of Pirithous)|Hippodamia]], where he killed the Centaur [[Rhoetus]], who had killed his fellow Lapiths [[Corythus]] and [[Euagrus (mythology)|Euagrus]] just before that.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' 179; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 12.290 ff.</ref> In ''[[Iliad]]'' 1, [[Nestor (mythology)|Nestor]] numbers Dryas among an earlier generation of heroes of his youth, "the strongest men that Earth has bred, the strongest men against the strongest enemies, a savage mountain-dwelling tribe [i. e. the Centaurs] whom they utterly destroyed", and call him "shepherd of the people".<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 1.263</ref> No trace of such an oral tradition, which Homer's listeners would have recognized in Nestor's allusion, survived in literary epic.
*[[Dryas of Calydon|Dryas]], son of [[Ares]]<ref name=":02">Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Dryas 1.8.2]</ref> or of [[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]].<ref name=":1">Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#173 173]</ref>
* Dryas the seer, father of [[Munichus]].<ref>[[Antoninus Liberalis]], [https://topostext.org/work/216#14 14]</ref>
* Dryas, one of the suitors of [[Pallene (daughter of Sithon)|Pallene]], daughter of [[Sithon (mythology)|Sithon]]. He was killed by [[Cleitus (mythology)|Cleitus]], who then went on to marry [[Kassandra, Chalkidiki|Pallene]].<ref>[[Conon (mythographer)|Conon]], ''Narrations'' [https://topostext.org/work/489#10 10]; [[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], [https://topostext.org/work/550#6 6] from [[Theagenes of Rhegium|Theagenes]] and the ''Palleniaca'' of Hegesippus</ref>
* Dryas, father of [[Amphilochus (son of Alcinoe)|Amphilochus]], the husband of [[Alcinoe]].<ref>Parthenius, [https://topostext.org/work/550#27 27] from the ''Curses'' of [[Moero]]</ref>
* Dryas, son of [[Orion (mythology)|Orion]], a chieftain from [[Tanagra]]. He brought 1000 archers with him to defend [[Ancient Thebes (Boeotia)|Thebes]] in the [[Seven against Thebes]].<ref>[[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' 7.255 ff.</ref> [[Ares]] made use of the fact that Dryas shared his father's hate of [[Artemis]] and her followers, and turned him against [[Parthenopaeus]] and his [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]]n contingent. Upon killing Parthenopaeus, Dryas was himself felled by an unknown hand.<ref>Statius, ''Thebaid'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/StatiusThebaid9.html 9.841 ff].</ref>
* Dryas, a [[Greeks|Greek]] warrior killed during the [[Trojan War]] by [[Deiphobus]].<ref>[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus11.html 11.90]</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist |2}}

== References ==
* [[Antoninus Liberalis]], ''The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis'' translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). [https://topostext.org/work/216 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. {{ISBN|0-674-99135-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
*[[Conon (mythographer)|Conon]]'', Fifty Narrations, surviving as one-paragraph summaries in the Bibliotheca (Library) of Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople'' translated from the Greek by Brady Kiesling. [https://topostext.org/work/489 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*[[Gaius Julius Hyginus]], ''Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus'' translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*[[Hesiod]], ''Shield of Heracles'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0132 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0127 Greek text available from the same website].
*[[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|978-0198145318|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], ''Love Romances'' translated by Sir Stephen Gaselee (1882-1943), S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 69. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1916.  [https://topostext.org/work/550 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*Parthenius, ''Erotici Scriptores Graeci, Vol. 1''. Rudolf Hercher. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1858. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0643 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Ovid|Publius Ovidius Naso]], ''Metamorphoses'' translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*Publius Ovidius Naso, ''Metamorphoses.'' Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Statius|Publius Papinius Statius]]'', The Thebaid'' translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. [https://topostext.org/work/149 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
*Publius Papinius Statius, ''The Thebaid. Vol I-II''. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0498 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''The Fall of Troy'' translated by Way. A. S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 19. London: William Heinemann, 1913. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html Online version at theio.com]
*Quintus Smyrnaeus, ''The Fall of Troy''. Arthur S. Way. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1913. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0490 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
*[[Sophocles]], ''The Antigone of Sophocles e''dited with introduction and notes by Sir Richard Jebb. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1893. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0186 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
*Sophocles, ''Sophocles. Vol 1: Oedipus the king. Oedipus at Colonus. Antigone''. With an English translation by F. Storr. The Loeb classical library, 20. Francis Storr. London; New York. William Heinemann Ltd.; The Macmillan Company. 1912. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0185 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].

== Further reading ==
*[[Robert Graves]], (1955) 1960. ''The Greek Myths'' 27.e.
* Homer, ''Iliad'' vi. 530–40.
* [[Karl Kerenyi]], 1976. ''Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life'' (Princeton: Bollingen) Translated by Ralph Manheim.


{{Greek myth index}}

[[Category:Quercus]]
[[Category:Achaeans (Homer)]]
[[Category:Mythological Greek seers]]
[[Category:Princes in Greek mythology]]
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