Editing Douglas, Massachusetts

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name          = Douglas, Massachusetts
| image_skyline          = Second_Congregational_Church_-_Douglas,_Massachusetts_-_DSC02737.JPG
| imagesize              = 250px
| image_caption          = Second Congregational Church
| image_flag             = Flag of Douglas, Massachusetts.png
| image_seal             = Seal of Douglas, Massachusetts.png
| nicknames              = D-town, The Big D
| image_map              = Worcester County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Douglas highlighted.svg
| mapsize                = 260px
| map_caption            = Location in [[Worcester County, Massachusetts|Worcester County]] and the state of [[Massachusetts]].
| subdivision_type       = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name       = United States
| subdivision_type1      = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Massachusetts]]
| subdivision_type2      = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
| subdivision_name2      = [[Worcester County, Massachusetts|Worcester]]
| established_title      = Settled
| established_date       = 1721
| established_title2     = Incorporated
| established_date2      = 1746
| government_type        = [[Open town meeting]]
| leader_title           = <!--[[Town Administrator|Town<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Administrator]]-->
| leader_name            = 
| area_total_km2         = 97.7
| area_total_sq_mi       = 37.7
| area_land_km2          = 94.2
| area_land_sq_mi        = 36.4
| area_water_km2         = 3.5
| settlement_type        = [[New England town|Town]]
| area_water_sq_mi       = 1.3
| population_footnotes   = 
| population_as_of       = [[United States Census, 2020|2020]]
| population_total       = 8,983
| population_density_km2 = auto
| elevation_m            = 177
| elevation_ft           = 582
| timezone               = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset             = -5
| timezone_DST           = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST         = -4
| coordinates            = {{coord|42|03|15|N|71|44|24|W|region:US-MA|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type       = ZIP code
| website                = {{URL|https://www.douglas-ma.gov/}}<br>{{URL|http://www.douglas.k12.ma.us}}
| postal_code            = 01516
| area_code              = [[Area code 508|508]] / [[Area code 774|774]]
| blank_name             = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info             = 25-17300
| blank1_name            = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info            = 0619479
}}
'''Douglas''' is a town in southern [[Worcester County, Massachusetts|Worcester County]], [[Massachusetts]], United States. The population was 8,983 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2502717300|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 11, 2021 |title=Census - Geography Profile: Douglas town, Worcester County, Massachusetts}}</ref> It includes the [[Douglas State Forest]], managed by the [[Department of Conservation and Recreation (Massachusetts)|Department of Conservation and Recreation]] (DCR).

==History==
[[File:Jenckes2.jpg|thumb|left|Jenckes Store as it appeared in the 1800s]]
The name of Douglas was first given to the territory of the town in the year 1746. New Sherborn or "New Sherborn Grant" had previously been its designation, since its first occupancy by the English settlers which was as early as 1715. The first English settlers came primarily from [[Sherborn, Massachusetts|Sherborn]], although many hailed from [[Natick, Massachusetts|Natick]] as well. New Sherburn was removed from [[Suffolk County, Massachusetts|Suffolk County]] to Worcester County at its formation on April 2, 1731. The name Douglas was given in 1746, when Dr. [[William Douglass (physician)|William Douglass]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n102 108]}}</ref> an eminent physician of [[Boston]], in consideration of the privilege of naming the township offered the inhabitants the sum of $500.00 as a fund for the establishment of free schools together with a tract of {{convert|30|acre}} of land with a dwelling house and barn thereon.  It is said that there were subsequent pledges made by Dr. Douglas in the form of a bell for the Center School and 50 sterling pounds for seven years to support the ministry but quite a portion of these pledges were not received by the Town. 
[[File:Douglas State Forest, Douglas MA.jpg|thumb|right|Douglas State Forest]]
Douglas's forests gave rise to a woodcutting industry and the Douglas axe company.<ref name="nps">{{Cite web|title=Plan your visit/valley sites/Douglas, Northbridge, Sutton|publisher= National Park Service|url=http://www.nps.gov/blac/planyourvisit/valley-sites-douglas-sutton-northbridge.htm|access-date=December 26, 2007}}</ref> A woolen manufacturing company, on the [[Mumford River]] in [[East Douglas, Massachusetts|East Douglas]], in recent times held by the Schuster family, has been prominent in the history of this community. General [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]], of France, stopped here during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]], to change horses, on his way to Boston to join General [[George Washington|Washington]]. Lafayette was a hero of the American Revolution and the [[French Revolution]].

From a very early period reaching beyond 1635, bands of Native Americans, principally the [[Nipmuc]] tribe, dominated this region of Worcester County. The [[Blackstone River]] was once called the Nipmuc River. Most of Douglas is part of the [[Blackstone Valley|Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor]].<ref name="nps"/>

The underlying geology consists of rocks rich in [[quartz]], [[feldspar]], and [[mica]]. Boulders are plentifully scattered all over town, and [[gold]] and [[silver]] ores are said to be found in some localities. Large quantities of building and ornamental stone are quarried from the [[granite]] ledges found in the center of town which is shipped to almost every section of New England.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Town of Douglas, (Massachusetts), From the Earliest Period to the Close of 1878|author=Emerson, William A.|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyoftownofd00emer/historyoftownofd00emer_djvu.txt|year=1879|page=20|publisher=Boston, F.W. Bird }} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

In 1946, as part of the town's tricentennial anniversary celebration and to welcome home for the troops returning from World War II, Winfield A. Schuster arranged an exhibition game between the [[Boston Red Sox]] and the [[New York Yankees]] that was played at the local ballpark known as Soldiers Field on September 26. The game had an estimated attendance of 12,000 and was won by the Yankees, 8-7.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baseball Memories; Blackstone Valley heritage commemorated. - Free Online Library |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Baseball+Memories;+Blackstone+Valley+heritage+commemorated.-a0285825577 |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=www.thefreelibrary.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Red Sox and Yankees in Douglas |url=https://hope1842.com/hope1842/hhist09-11-15.html |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=hope1842.com}}</ref>

Police Chief Patrick Foley of Douglas was elected vice president of the [[International Association of Chiefs of Police]] (IACP), at the annual convention in [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iacp.org/2011-Award-Winners|title=2011 IACP Award Winners|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>

A common misconception in Douglas is with regard to the [[Southern New England Railway|New England Trunkline Trail]]. Many believe that railroad tracks were laid here for commuting from northern Connecticut to northern Massachusetts. In fact, they were used to haul ice from [[Wallum Lake]] as interstate commerce. Today, one can hike these trails through Massachusetts and Connecticut. The New England Trunkline was originally planned as a railroad, but the financier died in the sinking of the [[Titanic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-victim/charles-melville-hays.html|title=Mr Charles Melville Hays|date=January 19, 1997 |publisher=Encyclopedia Titanica|access-date=January 17, 2017}}</ref>

===The E. N. Jenckes Store Museum===
[[File:Malma1.jpg|thumb|left|Reenactors of Malma & Helen during Oktoberfest]]
The E.N. Jenckes store and museum sits on Main Street in the village of [[East Douglas, Massachusetts|East Douglas]].<ref name="nps"/> Ebenezer Balkcom opened a small store at the corner of Main and Pleasant (now Depot) streets during the 1830s, when East Douglas was becoming the economic center of the town. The store changed hands (sold to Gardner Chase) until he retired and sold the building to Edward L. Jenckes. After Jenckes' death in 1924, his daughters E. Mialma and Helen R. continued to run the store until the store closed in 1964. The store remained closed until 1972, when the property was donated to the Douglas Historical Society, where it was carefully restored to its original general store appearance of 100 years ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.douglashistoricalsociety.org/museum.php|title=The E. N. Jenckes Store Museum|publisher=Douglas Historical Society|access-date=January 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612082122/http://www.douglashistoricalsociety.org/museum.php|archive-date=June 12, 2017|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|37.7|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|36.4|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.3|sqmi}}, or 3.57%, is water.  It includes the [[Douglas State Forest]] and is home to [[Wallum Lake]] and [[Whitins Reservoir]].

The principal elevations are Bald Hill, {{convert|711|ft}}, Wallum Pond Hill, {{convert|778|ft}}, [[Mount Ashworth]], 713 feet (218 m), and Mount Daniel, {{convert|735|ft}}. There are numerous ponds in Douglas: Wallum Pond in the southwestern section, covering approximately {{convert|150|acre}}; Badluck Pond in the western part of town, covering about {{convert|110|acre}}; the largest pond is Whitin Reservoir, also in the western part of town, covering about {{convert|400|acre}}; and Manchaug Pond in the northern part, about {{convert|93|acre}}.

{{Geographic location|width=auto
| title = Adjacent towns
| Centre = Douglas
 | West = [[Webster, Massachusetts|Webster]]
 | Northwest = [[Oxford, Massachusetts|Oxford]]
 | North = [[Sutton, Massachusetts|Sutton]]
 | East = [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts|Uxbridge]]
 | South = [[Burrillville, Rhode Island|Burrillville]], [[Rhode Island]]
 | Southwest = [[Thompson, Connecticut|Thompson]], [[Connecticut]]
}}

== Education ==
{{Multiple image
| header = Douglas High School
| align = right
| direction = 
| total_width = 245
| perrow = 1/1
| image1= Douglas High School, Douglas MA.jpg
| caption1 = Building
| image2= Douglas High School Tiger Marching Band.jpg
| caption2 = Marching Band
}}
Douglas has four public schools for children grades preschool through twelfth grade to attend.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/profiles/student.aspx?orgcode=00770000&orgtypecode=5&|title=Enrollment Data (2013-14) - Douglas (00770000)|website=profiles.doe.mass.edu|access-date=February 12, 2017}}</ref> Douglas Primary School enrolls 230 students (2016–2017) in grades preschool, Kindergarten, and first grade.<ref name=":0" /> Douglas Elementary School enrolls 404 students (2016–2017) in second grade through fifth grade.<ref name=":0" /> Douglas Middle School enrolls 360 students (2016–2017) in sixth through eighth grade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://ms.douglasps.net/about_us|access-date=February 8, 2022|website=ms.douglasps.net|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Douglas High School (Massachusetts)|Douglas High School]] enrolls 394 students (2016–2017) in ninth through twelfth grade.<ref name=":0" />

Douglas is also a member of the thirteen towns that make up [[Blackstone Valley Regional Vocational Technical High School]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.valleytech.k12.ma.us/domain/21|title=School / About BVT|website=www.valleytech.k12.ma.us|language=en|access-date=February 12, 2017}}</ref> which provides educational opportunities for students grades 9–12 seeking experience and education in a specific career field.

Douglas High School athletics compete as part of the Dual Valley Conference league with Blackstone-Millville Regional High School, Hopedale High School, Nipmuc Regional High School, Sutton High School, and Whitinsville Christian High School.<ref>[https://www.dualvalleyconference.org/g5-bin/client.cgi?G5button=7 Dual Valley Conference]</ref>

==Neighborhoods==
* [[East Douglas, Massachusetts|East Douglas]]
* Tasseltop

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations | type=USA
 | 1850|1878
 | 1860|2442
 | 1870|2182
 | 1880|2241
 | 1890|1908
 | 1900|2113
 | 1910|2152
 | 1920|2181
 | 1930|2195
 | 1940|2617
 | 1950|2624
 | 1960|2559
 | 1970|2947
 | 1980|3730
 | 1990|5438
 | 2000|7045
 | 2010|8471
 | 2020|8983
 | 2023*|9241
| footnote = * = population estimate.  {{Historical populations/Massachusetts municipalities references}}<ref>{{cite web | title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020−2023| publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] | access-date=May 19, 2024 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html}}</ref>
}}
[[File:Old Town Common - Douglas, Massachusetts - DSC02714.JPG|thumb|left|Old Town Common]]
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 7,045 people, 2,476 households, and 1,936 families residing in the town.  The population density was {{convert|193.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 2,588 housing units at an average density of {{convert|71.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the town was 97.36% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.48% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.13% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.64% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.07% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.28% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.04% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.95% of the population. From 2000 to 2010 there was a population increase of 20.24%.

There were 2,476 households, out of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 36.4% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $60,529, and the median income for a family was $67,210. Males had a median income of $45,893 versus $31,287 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $23,036. About 2.3% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
The town has an open town meeting form of government. The government broadcasts many of its meetings on the Apple TV platform<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160617035205/http://www.douglasma.org/index.php/pages/committees/apple_tv_app Town of Douglas Apple TV App]}}</ref> as well as internet and local cable TV.  State, Federal and county level elected state officials are shown in the infobox.
{{Worcester County politicians
| county         = Worcester
| state_rep      = Joseph D. McKenna (R)
| state_sen      = Ryan Fattman (R)
| gov_councilors = Paul DePalo (D)
| fed_rep        = [[Jim McGovern (American politician)|Jim McGovern]] (D-[[United States House of Representatives, Massachusetts District 2|2nd District]]),
| fed_sen        = [[Elizabeth Warren]] (D)<br>[[John Kerry]] (D)}}

==See also==
* [[Simon Fairfield Public Library]]
* [[Old Douglas Center Historic District]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.douglas-ma.gov Douglas official website]

{{Blackstone Valley}}
{{Worcester County, Massachusetts}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Douglas, Massachusetts| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Worcester County, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Towns in Massachusetts]]