Editing Doubs

{{short description|Department of France in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté}}
{{about|the French department|the commune in this department|Doubs, Doubs|other uses|Doubs (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name                            = Doubs
| native_name                     = {{native name|frp|Dubs}}
| native_name_lang                = <!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                            = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline                   = Préfecture du Doubs (façade sur jardin) (adjusted).jpg
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Besançon]]
| image_flag                      = Proposed flag of Doubs.svg
| flag_alt                        = 
| image_shield                    = Blason département fr Doubs.svg
| shield_alt                      = 
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = 
| image_map                       = Doubs-Position.svg
| map_alt                         = 
| map_caption                     = Location of Doubs in France
| pushpin_map                     = 
| pushpin_label_position          = 
| pushpin_map_alt                 = 
| pushpin_map_caption             = 
| coordinates                     = {{Coord|47|10|N|06|25|E|region:FR-25 _type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint                   = 
| coordinates_footnotes           = 
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
| established_title               = 
| established_date                = 
| founder                         = 
| seat_type                       = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                            = [[Besançon]]
| parts_type                      = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style                     = para
| p1                              = [[Montbéliard]]<br>[[Pontarlier]]
| government_footnotes            = 
| leader_party                    = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title                    = [[List of presidents of departmental councils (France)|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name                     = Christine Bouquin<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref                       = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_footnotes                  = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2                  = 5232.6
| area_note                       = 
| elevation_footnotes             = 
| elevation_m                     = 
| elevation_min_m                 = 
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| population_total                = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of                = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes            = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank                 = [[List of French departments by population|49th]]
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_demonym              = 
| population_note                 = 
| blank_name_sec1                 = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1                 = 25
| blank_name_sec2                 = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2                 = [[arrondissements of the Doubs department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2                = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2                = [[cantons of the Doubs department|19]]
| blank2_name_sec2                = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2                = [[communes of the Doubs department|571]]
| timezone1                       = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1                     = +1
| timezone1_DST                   = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST                 = +2
| postal_code_type                = 
| postal_code                     = 
| area_code_type                  = 
| area_code                       = 
| iso_code                        = FR-25
| website                         = 
| footnotes                       = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Doubs''' ({{IPAc-en|d|uː}}, {{respell|doo}}; {{IPA|fr|du|lang|Fr-Paris--Doubs.ogg}}; {{langx|frp|Dubs}}) is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]] [[Regions of France|region]] in Eastern France. Named after the river [[Doubs (river)|Doubs]], it had a population of 543,974 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep25.pdf Populations légales 2019: 25 Doubs], INSEE</ref> Its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Besançon]] and [[Subprefectures in France|subprefectures]] are [[Montbéliard]] and [[Pontarlier]].

Situated in the east of France and the east of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, it shares a [[France–Switzerland border|border with Switzerland]] of almost 170 km and most of its territory is included in the [[Jura Mountains]]. Its highest point is the [[Mont d'Or (Jura Mountains)|Mont d'Or]] (1,463 m), and the three main rivers that flow through it are the [[Doubs (river)|Doubs]], the [[Ognon (Franche-Comté)|Ognon]] and the [[Loue]].

Economically, the Doubs département is one of the most industrialised in France, specialising in [[Automotive industry|car manufacturing]] with the historic location of the [[Peugeot]] plant ([[Stellantis]] group) in [[Sochaux]], [[metalworking]] and [[food processing]]. The Doubs is also home to many companies in the [[microtechnology]] sector, as well as being the historic cradle of the French [[Watchmaker|watchmaking]] industry. Its agriculture, mainly focused on [[livestock]] and [[dairy|milk production]], is symbolised by its [[Cheese|cheeses]] ([[comté cheese|comté]], [[Vacherin Mont d'Or|mont d'or]], [[Morbier cheese|morbier]], [[cancoillotte]]) and [[Charcuterie|charcuteries]] ([[Morteau sausage]], Montbéliard sausage, [[Ham|smoked ham]]).

The department's main tourist attractions are the [[citadel of Besançon]] and the [[Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans]], both [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage sites]], as well as the [[Fort de Joux|Château de Joux]]. The Doubs is renowned for its many remarkable natural sites, including the [[Lac de Saint-Point]], the Saut du Doubs, the sources of the Doubs, Loue and Lison rivers, the Cirque de Consolation, the Grotte d'Osselle and the Gouffre de Poudrey. 

==History==
{{main|Franche-Comté}}
As early as the 13th century, inhabitants of the northern two-thirds of Doubs spoke [[Frainc-Comtou dialect|Franc-Comtois]], a dialect of the ''[[langues d'oïl]]''. Residents of the southern third of Doubs spoke a dialect of the [[Arpitan language]]. Both languages co-existed with French, the official language of law and commerce, and continued to be spoken frequently in rural areas into the 20th century. They are both still spoken today but not on a daily basis.

Doubs was important as a portal to [[Switzerland]] through the pass at Cluse de Pontarlier. Many famous people, including [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Mirabeau]], [[Toussaint Louverture]] and [[Heinrich von Kleist]], were imprisoned in the [[Fort de Joux|Château de Joux]].

Doubs is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of [[Franche-Comté]]. The [[prefectures in France|prefecture]] (capital) is [[Besançon]].

In 1793, the republic of [[Mandeure]] was annexed by France and incorporated into the department. This district was passed between various territories and departments in the ensuing administrative reorganisations and wars, but was restored to Doubs in 1816 when the former principality of [[Montbéliard]] was also added to the department.

However, the commune of [[Le Cerneux-Péquignot]] was annexed by the [[Canton of Neuchâtel]] under the terms of the 1814 [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]], and since remained Swiss territory.

Between the defeat of France at the [[Battle of Waterloo]] and November 1818, Doubs was included in the area occupied by [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] troops.

[[Victor Hugo]], [[Gustave Courbet]], [[Armand Peugeot]], [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] and [[Frank Darabont]] are among the famous people born in Doubs.

==Geography==
Doubs is part of the current region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté and is surrounded by the French departments of [[Jura (department)|Jura]], [[Haute-Saône]], and [[Territoire de Belfort]], and the Swiss cantons of [[Vaud]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]], and [[Canton of Jura|Jura]].

The department is dominated by the [[Jura mountains]], which rise east of [[Besançon]].

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Besançon]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Besançon]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 117,912
|-
| [[Montbéliard]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 25,806
|-
| [[Pontarlier]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 17,542
|-
| [[Audincourt]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 13,341
|-
| [[Valentigney]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,272
|}

==Demographics==
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Doubiens''.

Population development since 1791:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/25his.html|title=Historique du Doubs|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-25|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|11=1791|12=219,642|13=1801|14=216,226|15=1806|16=226,040|17=1821|18=242,663|19=1831|20=265,535|21=1841|22=286,236|23=1851|24=296,679|25=1861|26=296,280|27=1872|28=291,251|29=1881|30=310,827|31=1891|32=303,081|33=1901|34=298,864|35=1911|36=299,935|37=1921|38=285,022|39=1931|40=305,500|41=1936|42=304,812|43=1946|44=298,255|45=1954|46=327,187|47=1962|48=384,881|49=1968|50=426,363|51=1975|52=471,082|53=1982|54=477,163|55=1990|56=484,770|57=1999|58=499,062|59=2006|60=516,823|61=2011|62=529,103|63=2016|64=538,549|65=2021|66=547,096}}

==Politics==
The President of the Departmental Council is Christine Bouquin ([[The Republicans (France)|LR]]).

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] ||align="right"| 24
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 12
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
|[[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
|}

===National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Doubs's 1st constituency]]
| [[Laurent Croizier]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|Democratic Movement]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Ecologists (France)}}" |
| [[Doubs's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Dominique Voynet]]
| [[The Ecologists (political party)|The Ecologists]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Doubs's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Matthieu Bloch]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|National Rally}}" |
| [[Doubs's 4th constituency]]
| [[Géraldine Grangier]]
| [[National Rally]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Doubs's 5th constituency]]
| [[Annie Genevard]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|}

==Economy==
The Doubs department is at the same time the greenest and the most industrialized in France.{{citation needed|reason=really more industrialized then for instance Nord, Moselle or the departments in Île-de-France?|date=January 2016}}

It is the birthplace of the automotive manufacturer [[Peugeot]].

==Tourism==
The [[Fort de Joux|castle of Joux]] and [[Besançon]] are important tourist destinations.

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> 
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*[[Paul-Claude Racamier]] (1924–1996), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
*[[Arnaud Courlet de Vregille]] (1958-), French painter

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Besancon boucle Doubs.jpg|The [[Citadel of Besançon|citadel]] and the old town of [[Besançon]] in a meander of the [[Doubs (river)|Doubs]]
File:France arc et senas saline royal main building 1.jpg|[[Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans]]
File:2009-05-03 Montbeliard 108.JPG|[[Montbéliard]]
File:Château de Joux - Vue du belvédère de la Fauconnière.JPG|[[Fort de Joux]]
File:0 Lods - Le village et la Loue (1).JPG|[[Lods]], one of [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|the most beautiful villages of France]] 
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Arrondissements of the Doubs department]]
* [[Cantons of the Doubs department]]
* [[Communes of the Doubs department]]
* [[Côte Feuillée stadium]]
* [[Immigration to Besançon]]

==Bibliography==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Doubs (department)}}
* Hoffmann, Michael, ''Die französischen Konservativen in der katholischen Provinz Parteigenese und politische Kultur im Doubs (1900–1930)'' (Frankfurt am Main u.a., Peter Lang, 2008) (Moderne Geschichte und Politik, 22).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.doubs.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.doubs.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620073412/https://www.doubs.fr/ |date=20 June 2021 }}

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Doubs| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]