Editing Dirk Bogarde

{{Short description|English actor (1921–1999)}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = [[Knight Bachelor|Sir]]
| name               = Dirk Bogarde
| image              = Dirk Bogarde Hallmark Hall of Fame.JPG
| caption            = Publicity portrait, 1964
| birth_name         = Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1921|3|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place        = [[West Hampstead]], London, England
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1999|5|8|1921|3|28|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], London, England
| years_active       = 1939–1990
| partner            = [[Anthony Forwood]] (1949–1988) (Forwood's death)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210322-why-dirk-bogarde-was-a-truly-dangerous-film-star | title=Why Dirk Bogarde was a truly dangerous film star | date=23 March 2021 }}</ref>
| occupation         = {{hlist|Actor|novelist|screenwriter}}
| website            = [https://dirkbogarde.co.uk dirkbogarde.co.uk] (Dirk Bogarde Estate)
| module             = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance    = {{flagu|United Kingdom}}
| branch        = [[British Army]]
| rank          = [[Major (United Kingdom)|Major]]
| battles       = [[World War II]]
* [[European theatre of World War II|European theatre]]
* [[Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II|Pacific theatre]]
}}
}}

'''Sir Dirk Bogarde''' (born '''Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde'''; 28 March 1921 – 8 May 1999) was an English actor, novelist and screenwriter. Initially a [[matinée idol]] in films such as ''[[Doctor in the House (film)|Doctor in the House]]'' (1954) for the [[Rank Organisation]], he later acted in [[Art film|art house]] films, evolving from "heartthrob to icon of edginess".<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news |last=Monks Kaufman |first=Sophie |date=23 March 2021 |title=Why Dirk Bogarde was a truly dangerous film star |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210322-why-dirk-bogarde-was-a-truly-dangerous-film-star |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref>

In a second career, Bogarde wrote seven best-selling volumes of memoirs, six novels, and a volume of collected [[journalism]], mainly from articles in ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. He saw active military duty during [[World War II]], and over the course of five years reached the rank of major and was awarded seven medals. His poetry has been published in war anthologies, and a grey ink brush drawing, "Tents in Orchard. 1944", is in the collection of the [[British Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1945-1208-60|title=Drawing - 1945,1208.60|work=British Museum|access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref><!--- with many more in the [[Imperial War Museum]].<ref name="Military">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2021 |title=The MILITARY MAN BEHIND The MATINEE IDOL |url=https://www.keymilitary.com/article/military-man-behind-matinee-idol |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=KeyMilitary.com}}</ref>--->

Having come to prominence in films including ''[[The Blue Lamp]]'' in the early 1950s, Bogarde starred in the successful ''[[Doctor (film series)|Doctor]]'' film series (1954–1963). He twice won the [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]], for ''[[The Servant (1963 film)|The Servant]]'' (1963) and ''[[Darling (1965 film)|Darling]]'' (1965). His other notable film roles included ''[[Victim (1961 film)|Victim]]'' (1961), ''[[Accident (1967 film)|Accident]]'' (1967), ''[[The Damned (1969 film)|The Damned]]'' (1969), ''[[Death in Venice (film)|Death in Venice]]'' (1971), ''[[The Night Porter]]'' (1974), ''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977) and ''[[Despair (film)|Despair]]'' (1978). He was appointed a [[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres|Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters]] in 1990 and a [[Knight Bachelor]] in 1992.

==Early years and education==
Bogarde was the eldest of three children born to Ulric van den Bogaerde (1892–1972) and Margaret Niven (1898–1980). Ulric was born in [[Perry Barr]], [[Birmingham]], of [[Flemish people|Flemish]] ancestry, and was art editor of ''[[The Times]]''. Margaret Niven, a former actress, was [[Scottish people|Scottish]], from [[Glasgow]]. Dirk Bogarde was born in a nursing home at 12 Hemstal Road,<ref name=coldstream>Coldstream 2004, p. 24.</ref> [[West Hampstead]], London, and was baptised on 30 October 1921, at St. Mary's Church, [[Kilburn, London|Kilburn]].<ref name=coldstream/> He had a younger sister, Elizabeth (born 1924), and a brother, Gareth Ulric Van Den Bogaerde, an advertising film producer, born in July 1933 in [[Hendon]].<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">Moir, Jon. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3623221/Dirk-could-be-cruel-but-I-know-why.html "Dirk could be cruel – but I know why."] ''The Daily Telegraph'' (London), 2 September 2004. Retrieved: 29 March 2015.</ref>

Conditions in the family home in north London became cramped, so Bogarde was moved to [[Glasgow]] to stay with relatives of his mother. He stayed there for more than three years, returning at the end of 1937.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk"/> He attended [[University College School]] and the former [[Allan Glen's School|Allan Glen's High School of Science]] in Glasgow, a time he described in his autobiography as an unhappy one. Having secured a scholarship at Chelsea College of Art, Bogarde completed his two year course, and landed "a back-stage job as tea-boy at seven shillings and sixpence per week".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Review – 1962-63 |url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/magazine/film-review-1962-63/ |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=DirkBogarde.co.uk}}</ref> A chance to act as a stand-in convinced Bogarde that "he needed some additional basic training, and he joined a provincial [[repertory]] group". His first on-screen appearance was as an uncredited extra in the [[George Formby]] comedy, ''[[Come On George!]]'' (1939).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dirkbogarde.co.uk/bio/biography/|title=Dirk Bogarde: Biography|website=dirkbogarde.co.uk}}</ref>

==War service==
During the war, Derek "Pip" Bogaerde served in the [[British Army]], initially with the [[Royal Corps of Signals]]. He was then commissioned at the age of 22 into the [[Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]] on 2 April 1943 with the rank of [[second lieutenant]].<ref name="LG 18 May 1943">{{London Gazette |issue= 36023 |date= 18 May 1943 |pages= 2260-2261 |supp= y }}</ref> He served in both the [[European theatre of World War II|European]] and [[Pacific War|Pacific theatre]]s, principally as an intelligence officer.

===D-Day and aftermath===
Bogarde served as an intelligence officer with [[Field Marshal]] [[Bernard Montgomery]]'s 21st Army Group as it liberated Europe.<ref name="Military">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2021 |title=The Military Man behind the Matinee Idol |url=https://www.keymilitary.com/article/military-man-behind-matinee-idol |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=KeyMilitary.com}}</ref> Taylor Downing's book, ''Spies in the Sky'', tells of Bogarde's work in photo-reconnaissance in the aftermath of [[Operation Overlord|D-Day]], moving through [[Normandy]] with [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] units. By July 1944, they were located at the [[Advanced Landing Ground#Royal Air Force ALGs|"B.8"]] airfield at [[Sommervieu]], near [[Bayeux]]. As an air photographic interpreter with the rank of [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]], Bogarde was later attached to the [[Second Army (United Kingdom)|Second Army]], where he selected ground targets in France, Holland and Germany for the [[RAF Second Tactical Air Force|Second Tactical Air Force]] and [[RAF Bomber Command]].<ref name="Above The Title 1986">''Above The Title'', Yorkshire Television interview, 1986.</ref> Villages on key routes were heavily bombed to prevent the [[Wehrmacht]]'s [[Tank|armour]] from reaching the invasion [[lodgement]] areas.<ref> Bogarde states that before a village was bombed by the RAF they would always drop leaflets warning the inhabitants but that sometimes the leaflets were blown away by the wind. Other air forces allocated to these same tasks, he states, "didn't drop leaflets, they just bombed everything that moved".</ref> In a 1986 [[Yorkshire Television]] interview with [[Russell Harty]], Bogarde recalled going on [[Watercolor painting|painting]] trips, sometimes to see the villages which he had selected as targets:
{{blockquote|I found what I had thought in the rubble were a whole row of [[Ball (association football)|footballs]], and they weren't footballs ... they were children's heads ... A whole school of kids, a [[convent]], had been pulled out of school, and lined up in this little narrow alleyway between the buildings to save them from the bombing, and the whole thing had come in on top of them.<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/>}}

===Bergen-Belsen concentration camp===
Bogarde said he was one of the first [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] officers to reach the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]] in Germany on 20 April 1945, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he had difficulty speaking for many years afterward.<ref>{{cite book|last=Celinscak|first=Mark|title=Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp|year=2015|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=9781442615700}}</ref>

[[File:The Liberation of Bergen-belsen Concentration Camp, April 1945 BU4274.jpg|thumb|Women survivors in Bergen-Belsen collecting their bread ration after their liberation, April 1945]]
{{blockquote|The gates were opened, and then I realised that I was looking at [[Dante]]'s [[Inferno (Dante)|''Inferno'']]. And a girl came up who spoke English, because she recognised one of the badges, and she&nbsp;... her breasts were like, sort of, empty purses, she had no top on, and a pair of man's pyjamas, you know, the prison pyjamas, and no hair ... and all around us there were mountains of dead people, I mean mountains of them, and they were slushy, and they were slimy.<ref name="Above The Title 1986"/>}}

[[File:Bergen Belsen Liberation 03.jpg|thumb|A [[British Army]] [[bulldozer]] pushes bodies into a [[mass grave]] at Belsen, 19 April 1945]]
There was some doubt as to whether he really visited Belsen, although, more than a decade after publishing his biography, and following additional research, John Coldstream concluded that "it is now possible to state with some authority that he did at least set foot inside the camp".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dirkbogarde.co.uk/dirk-bogarde-and-belsen/ | title=Dirk Bogarde » Dirk Bogarde and Belsen }}</ref>

===Long-term effects===
The horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he said he witnessed left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late 1980s, he wrote that he would disembark from a [[Elevator|lift]] rather than ride with a German of his generation.<ref>Bogarde, Dirk. "Out of the Shadows of Hell". ''For the Time Being''. London: [[Penguin Books|Penguin]], 1988.</ref> Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former [[SS]] officer in ''[[The Night Porter]]'' (1974).<ref>{{IMDb title|id=0071910|title=The Night Porter (1974)}}</ref>

Bogarde was most vocal towards the end of his life on [[voluntary euthanasia]], of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager [[Anthony Forwood]] (the former husband of actress [[Glynis Johns]]) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the [[Dignity in Dying|Voluntary Euthanasia Society]]:
{{blockquote|My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy&nbsp;... On one occasion, the [[jeep]] ahead hit a mine&nbsp;... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A gurgling voice said, "Help. Kill me." With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver&nbsp;... I had to look for my bullets – by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death.}}

==Career==
Bogarde's London [[West End theatre]]-acting debut was in 1939, with the stage name "Derek Bogaerde", in [[J. B. Priestley]]'s play ''Cornelius''. In 1947 he appeared at the [[Fortune Theatre]] in [[Michael Clayton Hutton]]'s ''[[Power Without Glory (play)|Power Without Glory]]''.<ref>Wearing, J. P. ''The London Stage 1940–1949: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel''.  Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. p.297</ref> After the war, he started pursuing film roles using the name "Dirk Bogarde". One of Bogarde's earliest starring roles in cinema was in the 1949 film ''Once a Jolly Swagman'', where he played a daring speedway ace, riding for the Cobras. This was filmed at New Cross Speedway, in South East London, during one of the postwar years in which speedway was the biggest spectator sport in the UK.

===Film stardom===
Bogarde was contracted to the [[Rank Organisation]] under the wing of the prolific independent film producer [[Betty Box]], who produced most of his early films and was instrumental in creating his [[matinée idol]] image.<ref name=MorleyS-DBRO>Morley 1999, pp. 8–9.</ref> 

His Rank contract began following his appearance in ''[[Esther Waters (film)|Esther Waters]]'' (1948), his first credited role, replacing [[Stewart Granger]].<ref name="Hinxman">{{cite news|last=Hinxman|first=Margaret|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/may/10/guardianobituaries|title=Sir Dirk Bogarde|work=The Guardian|date=10 May 1999|access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref> Another early role of his was in ''[[The Blue Lamp]]'' (1950), playing a hoodlum who shoots and kills a police constable ([[Jack Warner (actor)|Jack Warner]]), whilst in ''[[So Long at the Fair]]'' (1950), a [[film noir]], he played a handsome artist who comes to the rescue of [[Jean Simmons]] during the World's Fair in Paris. He also had roles as an accidental murderer in ''[[Hunted (1952 film)|Hunted]]'' (or ''The Stranger in Between'', 1952), a young [[Wing commander (rank)|wing commander]] in [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] in ''[[Appointment in London]]'' (1953), and in ''[[Desperate Moment]]'' (1953), a wrongly imprisoned man who regains hope of clearing his name when he learns his sweetheart, [[Mai Zetterling]], is still alive.

Bogarde featured as a medical student in ''[[Doctor in the House (film)|Doctor in the House]]'' (1954), a film that made him one of the most popular British stars of the 1950s. The film co-starred [[Kenneth More]] and [[Donald Sinden]], with [[James Robertson Justice]] as their crabby mentor. The production was initiated by Betty Box, who had picked up a copy of the book at [[Crewe]] during a long rail journey and had seen its possibility as a film. Box and [[Ralph Thomas]] had difficulties convincing Rank executives that people would go to a film about doctors and that Bogarde, who up to then had played character roles, had sex appeal and could play light comedy. They were allocated a modest budget and were allowed to use only available Rank contract artists. The film was the first of the [[Doctor (film series)|''Doctor'']] film series based on the books by [[Richard Gordon (English author)|Richard Gordon]].

In ''[[The Sleeping Tiger]]'' (1954), Bogarde played a neurotic criminal with co-star [[Alexis Smith]]. It was Bogarde's first film for American expatriate director [[Joseph Losey]].<ref name="one">{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|date=12 January 2025|access-date=12 January 2025|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/forgotten-british-moguls-nat-cohen-part-one-1905-56/|title=Forgotten British Moguls: Nat Cohen – Part One (1905-56)}}</ref> 

He did his second ''Doctor'' film, ''[[Doctor at Sea (film)|Doctor at Sea]]'' (1955), co-starring [[Brigitte Bardot]] in one of her first film roles; played a returning [[British Empire|colonial]] who fights the [[Mau-Mau]] with [[Virginia McKenna]] and [[Donald Sinden]] in ''[[Simba (1955 film)|Simba]]'' (1955); ''[[Cast a Dark Shadow]]'' (1955), as a man who marries women for money and then murders them; ''[[The Spanish Gardener (film)|The Spanish Gardener]]'' (1956), with [[Michael Hordern]], [[Jon Whiteley]] and [[Cyril Cusack]]; ''[[Doctor at Large (film)|Doctor at Large]]'' (1957), again with Donald Sinden, another entry in the ''Doctor'' film series, with later [[Bond film series|Bond girl]] [[Shirley Eaton]]; the [[Powell and Pressburger]] production ''[[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|Ill Met by Moonlight]]'' (1957) co-starring [[Marius Goring]] as German [[General Kreipe]], kidnapped on [[Crete]] by [[Patrick Leigh Fermor|Patrick "Paddy" Leigh Fermor]] (Bogarde) and [[W. Stanley Moss]] (David Oxley), and a fellow band of Cretan resistance fighters based on [[W. Stanley Moss]]' real-life account (''[[Ill Met by Moonlight]]'') of the Second World War [[Kidnap of General Kreipe|abduction]]; ''[[A Tale of Two Cities (1958 film)|A Tale of Two Cities]]'' (1958), a faithful retelling of [[Charles Dickens]]' classic; as a [[flight lieutenant]] in the [[Far East]], who falls in love with a beautiful Japanese teacher [[Yoko Tani]] in ''[[The Wind Cannot Read]]'' (1958);''[[The Doctor's Dilemma (film)|The Doctor's Dilemma]]'' (1959), based on a play by [[George Bernard Shaw]] and co-starring [[Leslie Caron]] and [[Robert Morley]]; and ''[[Libel (film)|Libel]]'' (1959), playing three separate roles and co-starring [[Olivia de Havilland]]. Bogarde was called "Rank's jewel in the crown."<ref name="st john">{{cite magazine|magazine=Filmink|first=Stephen|last=Vagg|date=20 April 2025|access-date=20 April 2025|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/forgotten-british-moguls-earl-st-john/|title=Forgotten British Moguls: Earl St John}}</ref>

===Art house and European cinema===
After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image and "chose roles that challenged received morality and that pushed the scope of cinema".<ref name="BBC"/> He starred in the film ''[[Victim (1961 film)|Victim]]'' (1961), playing a London [[barrister]] who fights the blackmailers of a young man with whom he has had a deeply emotional relationship. The young man commits suicide after being arrested for embezzlement, rather than ruin his beloved's career. In exposing the ring of extortionists, Bogarde's character risks his reputation and marriage to see that justice is done. ''Victim'' was the first British film to portray the humiliation to which gay people were exposed via discriminatory law and as a victimised minority; it is said to have had some effect upon the later [[Sexual Offences Act 1967]] ending, to some extent, the illegal status of male homosexual activity.
[[File:Dirk Bogarde Jane Birkin Cannes.jpg|thumb|Bogarde with [[Jane Birkin]], co-star in ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'' at the [[1990 Cannes Film Festival]]]]
He again teamed up with Joseph Losey to play Hugo Barrett, a decadent valet, in ''[[The Servant (1963 film)|The Servant]]'' (1963), with a script by [[Harold Pinter]], and which garnered Bogarde a [[BAFTA]] Award. That year also saw the release of ''[[The Mind Benders (1963 film)|The Mind Benders]]'', in which he played a professor conducting [[sensory deprivation]] experiments at [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] (and which anticipates ''[[Altered States]]'' (1980)). The following year saw another collaboration with Losey in the antiwar film ''[[King and Country]]'', in which Bogarde played an army officer at a [[court-martial]], reluctantly defending deserter [[Tom Courtenay]]. He won a second BAFTA for his role as a television broadcaster-writer Robert Gold in ''[[Darling (1965 film)|Darling]]'' (1965), directed by [[John Schlesinger]]. Bogarde, Losey and Pinter reunited for ''[[Accident (1967 film)|Accident]]'' (1967), which recounted the travails of Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor.

''[[Our Mother's House]]'' (1967) is an off-beat film noir and the British entry at the [[Venice Film Festival]], directed by [[Jack Clayton]], in which Bogarde plays a ne'er-do-well father who descends upon "his" seven children on the death of their mother. In his first collaboration with [[Luchino Visconti]] in ''La Caduta degli dei'' (''[[The Damned (1969 film)|The Damned]]'', 1969), Bogarde played German industrialist Frederick Bruckmann alongside [[Ingrid Thulin]]. Two years later Visconti was back at the helm when Bogarde portrayed Gustav von Aschenbach in ''Morte a Venezia'' (''[[Death in Venice (film)|Death in Venice]]'').<ref name="bbc2021">{{cite news |last1=Kaufman |first1=Sophie Monks |title=Why Dirk Bogarde was a truly dangerous film star |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210322-why-dirk-bogarde-was-a-truly-dangerous-film-star |access-date=2 April 2021 |publisher=BBC Culture |date=22 March 2021}}</ref> In 1974, the controversial ''Il Portiere di notte'' (''[[The Night Porter]]'') saw Bogarde cast as an ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, co-starring [[Charlotte Rampling]], and directed by [[Liliana Cavani]]. He played Claude, the lawyer son of a dying, drunken writer ([[John Gielgud]]) in the well-received, multidimensional French film ''[[Providence (1977 film)|Providence]]'' (1977), directed by [[Alain Resnais]], and industrialist Hermann Hermann, who descends into madness in ''[[Despair (film)|Despair]]'' (1978) directed by [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]. "It was the best performance I've ever done in my life," he later recounted. "Fassbinder... really screwed the film up. He tore it to pieces with a scissors."<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 1992 |title=About Face: Sir Dirk Bogarde |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/search?q=dirk+bogarde |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> This led to Bogarde going on an extended hiatus. "And I thought, 'OK. Give it up'. So I gave it up and I didn't do another film for fourteen years." He returned one last time, as Daddy in Bertrand Tavernier's ''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]'', (or ''These Foolish Things'') (1991), co-starring [[Jane Birkin]] as his daughter.

===Other later career roles===
In the 1960s and 1970s Bogarde played opposite many renowned stars. ''[[The Angel Wore Red]]'' (1960) saw Bogarde playing an unfrocked priest who falls in love with cabaret entertainer [[Ava Gardner]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. The same year, in ''[[Song Without End]]'' he portrayed Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist [[Franz Liszt]], a film initially directed by [[Charles Vidor]] (who died during shooting) and completed by Bogarde's friend [[George Cukor]], which was the actor's only foray into Hollywood. The campy ''[[The Singer Not the Song]]'' (1961) starred Bogarde as a Mexican bandit alongside [[John Mills]] as a priest.

In ''[[H.M.S. Defiant]]'' (or ''Damn the Defiant!'') (1962), he played the sadistic Lieutenant Scott-Padget, co-starring Sir [[Alec Guinness]]; ''[[I Could Go On Singing]]'' (1963), co-starring [[Judy Garland]] in her final screen role; ''[[Hot Enough for June]]'' (or ''Agent 8¾'') (1964), a [[James Bond]]-type spy spoof co-starring [[Robert Morley]]; ''[[Modesty Blaise (1966 film)|Modesty Blaise]]'' (1966), a campy spy send-up playing archvillain Gabriel opposite [[Monica Vitti]] and [[Terence Stamp]] and directed by Joseph Losey; ''[[The Fixer (1968 film)|The Fixer]]'' (1968), based on [[Bernard Malamud]]'s novel, co-starring [[Alan Bates]]; ''[[Sebastian (1968 film)|Sebastian]]'' (1968), as Sebastian, a mathematician working on code decryption, who falls in love with [[Susannah York]], a decrypter in the all-female decoding office he heads for [[British Intelligence]], also co-starring Sir John Gielgud and [[Lilli Palmer]], co-produced by Michael Powell; ''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]'' (1969), co-starring Sir John Gielgud and Sir [[Laurence Olivier]] and directed by [[Richard Attenborough]]; ''[[Justine (1969 film)|Justine]]'' (1969), directed by George Cukor; ''[[Night Flight from Moscow|Le Serpent]]'' (1973), co-starring [[Henry Fonda]] and [[Yul Brynner]];

''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]'' (1977), also starring [[Sean Connery]], and again directed by Richard Attenborough, saw Bogarde give a controversial performance as Lieutenant General [[Frederick Browning|Frederick 'Boy' Browning]]. Bogarde claimed he had known General Browning from his time on Field Marshal Montgomery's staff during the war, and took issue with the largely negative portrayal of the general whom he played in ''A Bridge Too Far''. Browning's widow, author Dame [[Daphne du Maurier]], ferociously attacked his characterisation and "the resultant establishment fallout, much of it [[homophobic]], wrongly convinced [Bogarde] that the newly ennobled Sir Richard [Attenborough] had deliberately contrived to scupper his own chance of a knighthood."<ref>Hawkins and Attenborough 2009, pp. 152–153.</ref> While several of his fellow actors were veterans, Bogarde was the only cast member to have served at the battles being depicted in the film, having entered Brussels the day after its liberation, and worked on the planning of Operation Market Garden.<ref name="Military"/>

===Biographer and novelist===
In 1977, Bogarde embarked on his second career as an author. Starting with a first volume ''A Postillion Struck by Lightning'' (an allusion to the phrase ''[[My postillion has been struck by lightning]]''), he wrote a series of 15 best-selling books—nine volumes of memoirs and six novels, as well as essays, reviews, poetry and collected journalism. As a writer, Bogarde displayed a witty, elegant, highly literate and thoughtful style.<ref name="bbc2021"/>

===Missed roles===
While under contract with the Rank Organisation, Bogarde was set to play the role of [[T. E. Lawrence]] in a proposed film ''Lawrence'' written by [[Terence Rattigan]] and to be directed by [[Anthony Asquith]].<ref>Brownlow 1996. p. 407.</ref> On the eve of production, after a year of preparation by Bogarde, Rattigan and Asquith, the film was scrapped without full explanation—ostensibly for budgetary reasons—to the dismay of all three men.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Darlow|first=Michael|title=Terence Rattigan – The Man and his Work|publisher=Quartet Books|year=2000|location=London|pages=354}}</ref> The abrupt scrapping of ''Lawrence'', a role long researched and keenly anticipated by Bogarde, was among his greatest screen disappointments.<ref name=MorleyS-DBRO/> (Rattigan reworked the script as a play, ''[[Ross (play)|Ross]]'', which opened to great success in 1960, initially with Alec Guinness playing Lawrence.) Bogarde was also reportedly considered for the title role in [[MGM]]'s ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' (1965).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doctor Zhivago (Original) |url=https://collections-search.bfi.org.uk/web/Details/ChoiceFilmWorks/150018318 |website=British Film Institute |publisher=BFI |access-date=11 August 2020}}</ref> Earlier, he had declined [[Louis Jourdan]]'s role as Gaston in MGM's ''[[Gigi (1958 film)|Gigi]]'' (1958).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gigi (1958) |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0051658/trivia/?ref_=tt_ql_trv |access-date=13 October 2022 |website=IMDB}}</ref>

His contract with Rank had precluded him from accepting the lead in the [[Look Back in Anger (1959 film)|film adaptation]] of John Osborne's ground-breaking stage play, ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'' in 1959.<ref name="Military"/> In 1961, Bogarde was offered the chance to play Hamlet at the recently founded [[Chichester Festival Theatre]] by artistic director Sir [[Laurence Olivier]] but had to decline owing to film commitments.<ref>Coldstream, John 2004, pp. 361–362.</ref> Bogarde later said that he regretted declining Olivier's offer and with it the chance to "really learn my craft".<ref>Bogarde 1988, p. 169.</ref>

==Personal life==

After his acting career had given him some success, Bogarde moved from London and rented a cottage on the Bendrose Estate in [[Little Chalfont]], [[Buckinghamshire]], the family home of his business manager and partner, [[Anthony Forwood|Anthony "Tote" Forwood]].<ref name = "Beel House">{{cite web|url=https://amershammuseum.org/history/little-chalfont/beel-house-and-dirk-bogarde/|title=Amersham's matinee idol and the intriguing history of Beel House|publisher=Amersham Museum|author=Alison Bailey|date=1 November 2021|accessdate=7 May 2024}}</ref> Bogarde subsequently lived in the area for some 40 years. After an unsuccessful attempt to gain planning permission to convert the estate into a housing development, Bogarde bought the adjoining [[Beel House]] and Park from William Lowndes for £4,000. After tearing down the servants' wing, Bogarde and Forwood had the main house redeveloped and refurbished "to bring more light" into the original 1700s core. They lived there until 1960, after the development of [[Dr Challoner's High School]] just 200 yards from Beel House. The couple subsequently moved to Drummer's Yard near [[Beaconsfield]]. Beel House was later owned by [[Ozzy Osbourne|Ozzy]] and [[Sharon Osbourne]], and [[Robert Kilroy Silk]] who sold it for £6.5M in the mid-2010's.<ref name = "Beel House"/>

Bogarde and Forwood later moved to [[Provence]], France, then Italy, before returning to France.  They moved back to London shortly before Forwood's death in 1988.<ref>Coldstream, John. Introduction to ''Ever Dirk, The Bogarde Letters.'' Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2008, p3.</ref>

The critical and commercial failure of ''[[Song Without End]]'' affected his Hollywood leading man hopes. He struggled with the trauma of his active service, compounded by rapid fame, recounting, "First there was the war, and then the peace to cope with, and then suddenly I was a [[film star]]. It happened all too soon."<ref name="Military"/>

==Death==
Bogarde, a heavy smoker, had a minor [[stroke]] in November 1987 while Forwood was dying of [[Hepatocellular carcinoma|liver cancer]] and [[Parkinson's disease]]. In September 1996, he underwent [[angioplasty]] to unblock arteries leading to his heart and suffered a massive stroke following the operation.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Sir+Dirk+reveals+%60living+will%27+wishes+after+stroke.-a060782611 "Sir Dirk reveals 'living will' wishes after stroke."] ''[[The Free Library]]''. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref> He was paralysed on one side of his body, which affected his speech, and from then on used a wheelchair. He then completed the final volume of his [[autobiography]], which covered the effects of the stroke, and published an edition of his collected [[journalism]], mainly from ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''.

Bogarde spent some time with his friend [[Lauren Bacall]] the day before he died at his home in London from a heart attack on 8 May 1999, aged 78. His ashes were scattered at his former estate Le Pigeonnier in [[Grasse]], [[southern France]].<ref>[http://www.thisisannouncements.co.uk/5849157 "Obituary: Sir Dirk Bogarde."] ''This is announcements''. Retrieved: 22 September 2013.</ref>

==Honours and awards==
Bogarde was nominated five times as Best Actor by [[BAFTA]], winning twice, for ''The Servant'' in 1963 and for ''[[Darling (1965 film)|Darling]]'' in 1965. He also received the [[London Film Critics Circle Awards 1991|London Film Critics Circle Lifetime Award in 1991]]. He made a total of 63 films between 1939 and 1991. In 1983, he received a special award for service to the cinema at the [[Cannes Festival]]. He was awarded the [[British Film Institute Fellowship]] in 1987. In 1988, Bogarde was honoured with the first BAFTA Tribute Award for an outstanding contribution to cinema.

Bogarde was created a Knight Bachelor in the United Kingdom in 1992, awarded the ''Commandeur de l'[[Ordre des Arts et des Lettres]]'' by the French government in 1990, an honorary doctorate of literature on 4 July 1985 by [[St Andrews University]] in Scotland, and an honorary [[Doctor of Letters|doctorate of letters]] in 1993 by the [[University of Sussex]] in England.

In 1984, Bogarde served as president of the jury at the [[1984 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes Film Festival]], the first British person to serve in this capacity.

==Filmography==
Titles preceded by an asterisk (*) are [[Television film|films made for television]].
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Role
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
|1939
|''[[Come On George!]]''
|Extra
|Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3" |1947
|''Rope''
|Charlies Granillo
|TV movie
|-
|''[[Power Without Glory (play)|Power Without Glory]]''
|Cliff
|TV movie
|-
|''[[Dancing with Crime]]''
|Police Radio Caller
|Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="2" |1948
|''[[Esther Waters (film)|Esther Waters]]''
|William Latch
|
|-
|''[[Quartet (1948 film)|Quartet]]''
|George Bland (segment "The Alien Corn")
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1949
|''[[Once a Jolly Swagman]]''
|Bill Fox
|
|-
|''[[Dear Mr. Prohack]]''
|Charles Prohack
|
|-
|''[[Boys in Brown]]''
|Alfie Rawlins
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1950
|''[[The Blue Lamp]]''
|Tom Riley
|
|-
|''[[So Long at the Fair]]''
|George Hathaway
|
|-
|''[[The Woman in Question]]''
|R.W. (Bob) Baker
|
|-
| 1951
|''[[Blackmailed (1951 film)|Blackmailed]]''
|Stephen Mundy
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1952
|''[[Hunted (1952 film)|Hunted]]''
|Chris Lloyd
|
|-
|''[[Penny Princess]]''
|Tony Craig
|
|-
|''[[The Gentle Gunman]]''
|Matt Sullivan
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1953
|''[[Appointment in London]]''
|Wing Commander Tim Mason
|
|-
|''[[Desperate Moment]]''
|Simon Van Halder
|
|-
|rowspan=5|1954
|''[[They Who Dare]]''
|Lt. David Graham
|
|-
|''[[Doctor in the House (film)|Doctor in the House]]''
|Dr Simon Sparrow
|Bogarde's first film with director [[Ralph Thomas]]
|-
|''[[The Sleeping Tiger]]''
|Frank Clemmons
|Bogarde's first film with director [[Joseph Losey]]
|-
|''[[For Better, for Worse (1954 film)|For Better, for Worse]]''
|Tony Howard
|
|-
|''[[The Sea Shall Not Have Them]]''
|Flight Sgt. MacKay
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1955
|''[[Simba (1955 film)|Simba]]''
|Alan Howard
|
|-
|''[[Doctor at Sea (film)|Doctor at Sea]]''
|Dr Simon Sparrow
|
|-
|''[[Cast a Dark Shadow]]''
|Edward "Teddy" Bare
|
|-
|1956
|''[[The Spanish Gardener (film)|The Spanish Gardener]]''
|Jose
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1957
|''[[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|Ill Met by Moonlight]]''
|Maj. [[Patrick Leigh Fermor]] a.k.a. Philedem
|
|-
|''[[Doctor at Large (film)|Doctor at Large]]''
|Dr Simon Sparrow
|
|-
|''[[Campbell's Kingdom]]''
|Bruce Campbell
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1958
|''[[A Tale of Two Cities (1958 film)|A Tale of Two Cities]]''
|[[Sydney Carton]]
|
|-
|''[[The Wind Cannot Read]]''
|Flight Lt Michael Quinn
|
|-
|''[[The Doctor's Dilemma (film)|The Doctor's Dilemma]]''
|Louis Dubedat
|
|-
|1959
|''[[Libel (film)|Libel]]''
|Sir Mark Sebastian Loddon / Frank Welney / Number Fifteen
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1960
|''[[The Angel Wore Red]]''
|Arturo Carrera
|
|-
|''[[Song Without End]]''
|[[Franz Liszt]]
|Nominated&nbsp;– [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor&nbsp;– Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1961
|''[[The Singer Not the Song]]''
|Anacleto
|
|-
|''[[Victim (1961 film)|Victim]]''
|Melville Farr
|Nominated&nbsp;– [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|-
|rowspan=3|1962
|''[[H.M.S. Defiant]]''
|1st Lt. Scott-Padget
|
|-
|''[[We Joined the Navy]]''
|Dr. Simon Sparrow
|Cameo appearance, uncredited
|-
|''[[The Password Is Courage]]''
|Sergeant Major [[Charles Coward]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4|1963
|''[[The Mind Benders (1963 film)|The Mind Benders]]''
|Dr. Henry Longman
|
|-
|''[[I Could Go On Singing]]''
|David Donne
|
|-
|''[[Doctor in Distress (film)|Doctor in Distress]]''
|Dr Simon Sparrow
|
|-
|''[[The Servant (1963 film)|The Servant]]''
|Hugo Barrett
|[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |1964
|''[[Hot Enough for June]]''
|Nicholas Whistler
|
|-
|''[[King and Country]]''
|Capt. Hargreaves
|
|-
|''[[The High Bright Sun]]''
|Major McGuire
|
|-
|''Little Moon of Alban''
|Kenneth Boyd
|
|-
|1965
|''[[Darling (1965 film)|Darling]]''
|Robert Gold
|[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1966
|''[[Modesty Blaise (1966 film)|Modesty Blaise]]''
|Gabriel
|
|-
|''Blithe Spirit''
|Charles Condomine
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1967
|''[[Accident (1967 film)|Accident]]''
|Stephen
|rowspan=2|Nominated&nbsp;– [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|-
|''[[Our Mother's House]]''
|Charlie Hook
|-
|rowspan=2|1968
|''[[Sebastian (1968 film)|Sebastian]]''
|Sebastian
|
|-
|''[[The Fixer (1968 film)|The Fixer]]''
|Bibikov
|
|-
|rowspan=3|1969
|''[[Oh! What a Lovely War]]''
|Stephen
|
|-
|''[[Justine (1969 film)|Justine]]''
|Pursewarden
|
|-
|''[[The Damned (1969 film)|The Damned]]''
|Frederick Bruckmann
|
|-
|1970
|''[[Upon This Rock (film)|Upon This Rock]]''
|[[Bonnie Prince Charlie]]
|
|-
|1971
|''[[Death in Venice (film)|Death in Venice]]''
|Gustav von Aschenbach
|Nominated&nbsp;– [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role]]
|-
|1973
|''[[Night Flight from Moscow]]''
|Philip Boyle
|
|-
|1974
|''[[The Night Porter]]''
|Maximilian Theo Aldorfer
|
|-
|1975
|''[[Permission to Kill]]''
|Alan Curtis
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1977
|''[[Providence (1977 film)|Providence]]''
|Claude Langham
|
|-
|''[[A Bridge Too Far (film)|A Bridge Too Far]]''
|[[Frederick Browning|Lt. Gen. Frederick 'Boy' Browning]]
|
|-
|1978
|''[[Despair (film)|Despair]]''
|Hermann Hermann
|
|-
|1981
|''[[The Patricia Neal Story]]''
|[[Roald Dahl]]
|
|-
|1986
|''[[May We Borrow Your Husband? (film)|May We Borrow Your Husband?]]''
|William Harris
|
|-
|1988
|''[[The Vision (film)|The Vision]]''
|James Marriner
|
|-
|1990
|''[[Daddy Nostalgie]]''
|Daddy
|Final film role
|}

===British box office ranking===
For several years British film exhibitors voted Bogarde one of the most popular local stars at the box office:<ref>Shipman 1972, pp. 56–59.</ref>
* 1953 – 5th
* 1954 – 2nd (9th-most popular international star)<ref>[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27253063 "John Wayne Heads Box-Office Poll."] ''[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury (Hobart, Tasmania: 1860 - 1954)]]'' via ''[[National Library of Australia]]'', 31 December 1954, p. 6. Retrieved: 9 July 2012.</ref>
* 1955 – 1st (also most popular international star)<ref>"The Dam Busters", ''[[The Times]]'' [London, England] 29 December 1955, p. 12 via ''The Times Digital Archive'', 11 July 2012.</ref>
* 1956 – 3rd
* 1957 – 1st (also most popular international star)<ref>"News in Brief." ''The Times'' [London, England] 27 December 1957, p. 9 via ''The Times Digital Archive''. Retrieved: 11 July 2012.</ref>
* 1958 – 2nd (also 2nd-most popular international star)<ref>"Mr. Guinness Heads Film Poll". ''The Times'' [London, England], 2 January 1959, p. 4 via ''The Times Digital Archive'', 11 July 2012.</ref>
* 1959 – 5th<ref>"Year of Profitable British Films". ''The Times'' [London, England], 1 January 1960, p. 13 via ''The Times Digital Archive'', 11 July 2012.</ref>
* 1960 – 9th-most popular international star
* 1961 – 8th-most popular international star
* 1963 – 9th-most popular international star<ref>"Most Popular Films of 1963". ''The Times'' [London, England] 3 January 1964, p. 4 via ''The Times Digital Archive'', 11 July 2012.</ref>

==Other works==

===Autobiographies and memoirs===
* ''A Postillion Struck by Lightning'', 1977
* ''Snakes and Ladders'', 1978
* ''An Orderly Man'', 1983
* ''Backcloth'', 1986
* ''A Particular Friendship'', 1989
* ''Great Meadow: An Evocation'', 1992
* ''A Short Walk from Harrods'', 1993
* ''Cleared for Take-Off'', 1995
* ''For the Time Being: Collected Journalism'', 1998
* ''Dirk Bogarde: The Complete Autobiography'' (contains the first four autobiographies only)

===Novels===
* ''A Gentle Occupation'', 1980
* ''Voices in the Garden'', 1981
* ''West of Sunset'', 1984
* ''Jericho'', 1991
* ''A Period of Adjustment'', 1994
* ''Closing Ranks'', 1997

===Discography===
* ''Lyrics for Lovers'' ([[London Records]], 1960)
* as Njegus in ''[[The Merry Widow]]'' (speaking role—of a narration by [[Tom Stoppard]]—in a complete recording of the opera conducted by [[Franz Welser-Möst]])<ref>[[Rodney Milnes]]. Opera in Concert - Die lustige Witwe. [[Glyndebourne Festival Opera]] at the [[Royal Festival Hall]], 20 July 1993. ''[[Opera (British magazine)|Opera]]'', September 1993, p1123-24. (The concert was recorded and issued on EMI CDS 5 55152-2.)</ref>
* He appeared in ''[[Saki]]: a celebration'' at the [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]], with [[Tim Pigott-Smith]], [[Barbara Leigh-Hunt]] and [[Zoë Wanamaker]], later issued as an audio book.<ref>[https://search.worldcat.org/title/1042330898 Saki: a celebration - Hodder Headline Audiobooks, 1994] retrieved at WorldCat 15 August 2024.</ref>

==References==

===Footnotes===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* Bogarde, Dirk. ''For The Time Being: Collected Journalism.'' Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: [[Penguin Books|Penguin]], 1999. {{ISBN|978-0-67088-005-8}}.
* Bogarde, Dirk. ''Snakes and Ladders''. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: [[Penguin Books|Penguin]], 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-14010-539-1}}.
* Brownlow, Kevin. ''David Lean: A Biography''. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-3121-6810-0}}.
* Coldstream, John. ''Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography''. London: [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]], 2004. {{ISBN|0-297-60730-8}}.
* Coldstream, John. ''Ever, Dirk: The Bogarde Letters''. London: Phoenix, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-75382-589-1}}.
* Hawkins, Diana and Richard Attenborough. ''Entirely Up To You, Darling''. London: [[Arrow Books]], 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-099-50304-0}}.
* Hinxman, Margaret and Susan d'Arcy. ''The Films of Dirk Bogarde'' Richmond, California: Literary Services & Production, 1974. {{ISBN|978-0-85321-058-0}}.
* Morley, Sheridan. ''Dirk Bogarde: Rank Outsider''. Pontarddulais, Swansea, UK: Macmillan Distribution Limited, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-74754-698-6}}.
* Shipman, David. ''The Great Movie Stars: The International Years''. London: Macdonald, 1989, p.&nbsp;55-60 {{ISBN|978-0-35618-147-9}}
* Tanitch, Robert. ''Dirk Bogarde: The Complete Career Illustrated''. London: [[Ebury Press]], 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-85223-694-9}}.
{{Refend}}

===Archival resources===
* Dirk Bogarde collection, 1957–1993 (4.5 linear feet) is housed at [[Boston University]] Dept. of Special Collections
* [[Harold Matson Company]], Inc. Records, 1937–1980 (68 linear feet) are housed at the [[Columbia University Libraries]]. The Matson Company was the literary agency with which Bogarde worked; the collection contains correspondence and other documents related to his literary career.

==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
* {{Official website|dirkbogarde.co.uk}}
* {{IMDb name|0001958}}
* {{Facebook|100050154894032}}
* {{Screenonline name|id=447784|name=Dirk Bogarde}}. Biography and credits
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161350/http://www.celesteartprize.co.uk/2007/publiconlinevote/artist_6.asp Dirk Bogarde by Neil McNally]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071107184209/http://www.glbtq.com/arts/bogarde_d.html Dirk Bogarde] Dirk Bogarde at [[glbtq.com]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080805055328/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/08/03/sv_dirkbogarde.xml The letters of Dirk Bogarde] at Telegraph.co.uk, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080813042321/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/08/03/sv_dirkbogarde.xml Part 1] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080813042346/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2008%2F08%2F10%2Fsv_dirkbogarde.xml Part 2]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081205011731/http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/books/902741/in-his-own-words.thtml The Spectator] [[Bryan Forbes]] reviews the letters of Dirk Bogarde
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfeDhkJ-w_8&t=12s Interview with Russell Harty in 1986]

{{BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role}}
{{Cannes Film Festival jury presidents}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogarde, Dirk}}
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