Editing Dimona

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{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Dimona
| native_name              = {{Lang|he|{{Script/Hebrew|דִּימוֹנָה}}|rtl=yes}}<br/>ديمونا
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Israel|City]]
| translit_lang1           = Hebrew
| translit_lang1_type1     = [[ISO 259]]
| translit_lang1_info1     = Dimonah
| image_skyline            = File:Dimona Aerial View.jpg
| image_caption            = Aerial view of Dimona
| image_blank_emblem       = Dimona COA.svg
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map              = Israel north negev#Israel
| pushpin_mapsize          = 
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| pushpin_map_caption      = 
| coordinates              = {{coord|31|4|N|35|2|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Israel}}
| subdivision_type1        = 
| subdivision_name1        = 
| subdivision_type2        = [[Districts of Israel|District]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Southern District (Israel)|Southern]]
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1955
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Benny Bitton
| unit_pref                = dunam
| area_total_dunam         = {{formatnum:29877|R}}
| population_footnotes     = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| population_total         = 36,776
| population_as_of         = 2022
| population_density_km2   = auto
| website                  = http://www.dimona.muni.il
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}[[File:PikiWiki Israel 4562 Dimona renewal.JPG|thumb|View of Dimona]]
[[File:Dimona01.jpg|thumb|Apartment blocks in Dimona]]
'''Dimona''' ({{langx|he|דִּימוֹנָה}}, {{langx|ar|ديمونا}}) is an Israeli city in the [[Negev]] desert, {{convert|30|km|mi}} to the south-east of [[Beersheba]] and {{convert|35|km|mi}} west of the [[Dead Sea]] above the [[Arabah|Arava]] valley in the [[Southern District (Israel)|Southern District of Israel]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}}, its population was {{Israel populations|Dimona}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} The [[Shimon Peres Negev Nuclear Research Center]], colloquially known as the Dimona Reactor, is located {{convert|13|km|mi}} southeast of the city.

==Etymology==
The [[Hebraization of Palestinian place names|Negev Naming Committee]] chose the name based upon that of a biblical town,<ref>Carta's Official Guide to Israel and Complete Gazetteer to all Sites in the Holy Land. (3rd edition 1993) Jerusalem, Carta, p. 136, {{ISBN|965-220-186-3}}</ref> mentioned in [[Joshua]] 15:21-22, on the basis that "the sound of this name had been preserved in the Arabic name Harabat Umm Dumna."<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Meron Benvenisti|first=Meron|last= Benvenisti |title=Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7itq6zYtSJwC|date=1 March 2000|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92882-4|chapter=The Hebrew Map|ref=none|page=22}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 4566 Dimona renewal.JPG|thumb|Palm boulevard in Dimona]]

Dimona was one of the [[development town]]s created in the 1950s under the leadership of Israel's first Prime Minister, [[David Ben-Gurion]]. Dimona itself was conceived in 1953. The location chosen was close to the [[Dead Sea Works]]. It was established in 1955. The first residents were Jewish immigrants from [[North Africa]], with an initial 36 families being the first to settle there. Its population in 1955 was about 300. The North African immigrants also constructed the city's houses. The population was composed mainly of North African, particularly Moroccan immigrants, though immigrants from Yemen and Eastern Europe also arrived, as did [[Bene Israel]] immigrants from India.

When the [[Nuclear weapons and Israel|Israeli nuclear program]] began in 1958, a location not far from the city was chosen for the [[Negev Nuclear Research Center]] due to its relative isolation in the desert and availability of housing. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, immigrants from Eastern Europe arrived. A textile factory was opened in 1958. That same year, Dimona became a [[Local council (Israel)|local council]]. In 1961, it had a population of 5,000. The emblem of Dimona (as a local council), adopted 2 March 1961, appeared on a stamp issued on 24 March 1965. Dimona was declared a city in 1969. In 1971, it had a population of 23,700.

In spite of a gradual decrease during the 1980s, the city's population began to grow once again in the 1990s when it took in immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia. Currently, Dimona is the third largest city in the Negev, with the population of almost 34,000. Due to projected rapid population growth in the Negev, the city is expected to triple in size by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|last=Udasin |first=Sharon |url=http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=248711 |title='1.2 million residents in the Negev by 2025' &#124; JPost &#124; Israel News |date=2 January 2012 |publisher=JPost |access-date=2013-03-26}}</ref>

==Demography==
Dimona is described as "mini-India" by many for its 7,500-strong Indian Jewish community.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/rockets-hit-mini-india-town-in-israel_946508.html Rockets hit `mini-India` town in Israel] Zee News, 10 July 2014</ref> It is also home to Israel's [[African Hebrew Israelites in Israel|Black Hebrew]] community, formerly governed by its founder and spiritual leader, [[Ben Ammi Ben-Israel]], now deceased.<ref name=Ben_Ammi>{{cite web |url= http://africanhebrewisraelitesofjerusalem.com/?page_id=29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120407235626/http://africanhebrewisraelitesofjerusalem.com/?page_id=29 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 7 April 2012 |publisher= African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem |title=Ben Ammi |access-date=October 7, 2012}}</ref> The Black Hebrews number about 3,000 in Dimona, with additional families in [[Arad, Israel|Arad]], [[Mitzpe Ramon]] and the [[Tiberias]] area. Their official status in Israel was an ongoing issue for many years, but in May 1990, the issue was resolved with the issuing of first B/1 visas, and a year later, issuing of temporary residency. Status was extended to August 2003, when the [[Israeli Ministry of Interior]] granted [[permanent residency]].

==Economy==
In the early 1980s, textile plants, such as Dimona Textiles Ltd., dominated the industrial landscape. Many plants have since closed. Dimona Silica Industries Ltd. manufactures precipitated silica and calcium carbonate fillers. About a third of the city's population works in industrial workplaces (chemical plants near the [[Dead Sea]] like the [[Dead Sea Works]], [[high-tech]] companies and [[textile]] shops), and another third in the area of services. Due to the introduction of new technologies, many workers have been made redundant in the recent years, creating a total unemployment rate of about 10%. Dimona has taken part of [[Solar power in Israel|Israel's solar transformation]]. The Rotem Industrial Complex outside of the city has dozens of solar mirrors that focus the sun's rays on a tower that in turn heats a water boiler to create steam, turning a turbine to create electricity. Luz II, Ltd. plans to use the solar array to test new technology for the three new solar plants to be built in California for [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company]].<ref name=Dimona>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25124614 Calif. solar power test begins — in Israeli desert], [[Associated Press]], June 12, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2008.</ref><ref name=CA>[https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL1110252820080611 Israel site for California solar power test], Ari Rabinovitch, [[Reuters]], June 11, 2008.</ref>

==Geography and climate==
Dimona is located in the Negev Desert. The city stands at an elevation of around {{convert|550|-|600|m}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]].

===Climate===
Dimona has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSh''). The average annual temperature is {{convert|18.5|°C|1}}, and around {{convert|213|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation falls annually.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Dimona
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y

|Jan high C = 15.1													
|Feb high C = 16.6
|Mar high C = 19.7
|Apr high C = 23.7
|May high C = 28.2
|Jun high C = 30.9
|Jul high C = 31.9
|Aug high C = 32
|Sep high C = 30
|Oct high C = 27.5
|Nov high C = 22.3
|Dec high C = 16.8

|Jan mean C = 10.4
|Feb mean C = 11.6
|Mar mean C = 14
|Apr mean C = 17.4
|May mean C = 21.1
|Jun mean C = 23.7
|Jul mean C = 25
|Aug mean C = 25.2
|Sep mean C = 23.5
|Oct mean C = 21
|Nov mean C = 16.7
|Dec mean C = 12

|Jan low C = 5.8										 				
|Feb low C = 6.6
|Mar low C = 8.4
|Apr low C = 11.1
|May low C = 14.1
|Jun low C = 16.5
|Jul low C = 18.2
|Aug low C = 18.5
|Sep low C = 17.1
|Oct low C = 14.6
|Nov low C = 11.1
|Dec low C = 7.3

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 47												
|Feb precipitation mm = 42
|Mar precipitation mm = 39
|Apr precipitation mm = 11
|May precipitation mm = 3
|Jun precipitation mm = 0
|Jul precipitation mm = 0
|Aug precipitation mm = 0
|Sep precipitation mm = 0
|Oct precipitation mm = 4
|Nov precipitation mm = 24
|Dec precipitation mm = 43
|year precipitation mm = 213

|source = <ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web
|url = https://en.climate-data.org/asia/israel/south-district/dimona-28474/
|title = Climate: Dimona
|date = September 2019}}</ref>
}}

==Transportation==
[[File:Dimona Railway Station.JPG|thumb|[[Dimona railway station|Dimona Railway Station]]]]
In the early 1950s, an extension to Dimona and south was constructed from the [[Railway to Beersheba]], designed for freight traffic. A passenger service began in 2005, after pressure from Dimona's municipality. [[Dimona railway station|Dimona Railway Station]] is located in the southwestern part of the city. The main bus terminal is the Dimona Central Bus Station, with lines to [[Beersheba]], [[Tel Aviv]], [[Eilat]], and nearby towns.

==Notable people==
[[File:Yossibenayounch.jpg|thumb|[[Yossi Benayoun]]]]
*[[Lucy Aharish]], news presenter, reporter, television host
*[[Jacques Amir]] (1933–2011), [[Knesset]] member
*[[Ben Israel Ben Ammi]] (1939–2014), spiritual leader of the [[African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem]]
*[[Meir Cohen (politician)|Meir Cohen]] (born 1955), minister of welfare and social services, Knesset member
*[[Yoel Strick]] (born 1966), Major General in the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] reserves
*[[Kfir Edri]] (born 1976), footballer
*[[Yossi Benayoun]] (born 1980), footballer 
*[[Akiva (singer)|Akiva Turgeman]] (born 1991), singer and songwriter

==Twin towns==
Dimona is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Andernach]], [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]] (1975)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050108103359/http://www.blink.org.uk/pdescription.asp?key=2888&grp=18 The African Hebrew Israelites: New black civilisation in the promised land, January 1, 2004]

{{South District (Israel)}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dimona| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1955]]
[[Category:Cities in Israel]]
[[Category:Development towns]]
[[Category:Israeli nuclear development]]
[[Category:Cities in Southern District (Israel)]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Israel]]