Editing Deutsche Bahn


{{short description|State-owned national railway company of Germany}}
{{Distinguish|Deutsche Bank|DB Bahn}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn AG}}
| type = [[State-owned enterprise]]
| logo = Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150
| logo_caption = Logo since 1994
| founded = {{Start date and age|1994|01|01|df=yes}}
| hq_location = [[Bahntower]]
| location_city = [[Berlin]]
| location_country = Germany
| industry = [[Rail transport]], [[Logistics]], [[Bus]]
| owner = [[Government of Germany]]
| products = [[Rail transport]], [[Cargo|cargo transport]], [[Service sector|services]]
| revenue = {{profit}} [[Euro|€]]56.3 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] (2022)<ref name="daten2022">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2022 |author=Deutsche Bahn AG |url= https://ir.deutschebahn.com/fileadmin/Bildmaterial/2023/Investor_Update_Mrz_2023/II_InvestorUpdate_March_2023.pdf |access-date=9 May 2023}}</ref>{{rp|52}}
| area_served = [[Europe]]
| predecessors = {{nowrap|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn]] (1920–1949)}}<br>{{nowrap|[[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] (1949–1994)}}<br>[[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|Deutsche Reichsbahn]] (1949–1994)
| net_income = {{loss}} €227 million (2022)<ref name="daten2022"/>{{rp|52}}
| operating_income = 
| num_employees = Worldwide 338.000
 [[Germany]] 211.000
| key_people = {{ill|Richard Lutz (businessman)|lt=Richard Lutz|de|3=Richard Lutz}} (CEO)
| homepage = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''{{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn AG}}'''{{efn|''AG'' stands for ''[[Aktiengesellschaft]]'', which means "joint-stock company".}} ({{IPA|de|ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbaːn|IPA}}, {{lit|German Railway}}; abbreviated as '''DB''' {{IPA|de|deːˈbeː|}} or '''DB AG''' {{IPA|de|deːbeː aːˈɡeː|}}) is the national [[Rail transport|railway]] company of Germany, and a [[state-owned enterprise]] under the control of the German government. Headquartered in the [[Bahntower]] in [[Berlin]], it is a [[joint-stock company]] ([[Aktiengesellschaft|AG]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |title=Global 500 2023 |work=Fortune |access-date=24 December 2023 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Members to the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bahn AG |url= http://www.deutschebahn.com/en/group/ataglance/supervisory_board.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121025152444/http://www.deutschebahn.com/en/group/ataglance/supervisory_board.html |archive-date=25 October 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/db__group/corporate__group/ata__glance/facts__figures/facts__figures.html |title=Deutsche Bahn AG at a glance |publisher=Deutsche Bahn |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090426010642/http://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/db__group/corporate__group/ata__glance/facts__figures/facts__figures.html |archive-date=26 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

DB was founded after the merger between [[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] and the East German [[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|Deutsche Reichsbahn]] in 1994 after the unification of Germany and has been operating ever since. {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}} is the second-largest transport company in Germany, after the German postal and logistics company {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Deutsche Post]]}} / [[DHL]]. DB provides both long-distance and regional transport, serving around 132 million long distance passengers and 1.6 billion regional passengers in 2022. In 2022, DB transported 222 million tons of cargo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2022 |title=Deutsche Banh Facts and Figures 2022 |url=https://ibir.deutschebahn.com/2022/fileadmin/pdf/dufe_2022.pdf |access-date=17 December 2023 |website=Deutsche Bahn}}</ref>

==Company profile==
[[File:Bahntower, Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, 141027, ako.jpg|thumb|''[[Bahntower]]'' at [[Potsdamer Platz]] in [[Berlin]] houses the headquarters of DB.]]
The group is divided into several companies, including ''[[DB Fernverkehr]]'' (long-distance passenger), ''[[DB Regio]]'' (local passenger services) and ''[[DB Cargo]]'' (rail freight). The Group subsidiary ''[[DB InfraGO]]'' also operates large parts of the German [[Railway infrastructure manager|railway infrastructure]], making it the largest rail network in Europe.

The company generates about half of its total [[revenue]] from operating [[rail transport]], with the other half of the business comprising further transport and [[logistics]] businesses, as well as various service providers. The company generates further revenue through public transport contracts and support services for infrastructure maintenance and expansion. The Deutsche Bahn Group is divided into various organizational units that perform their tasks with subsidiaries.

==Rail transport==
DB Personenverkehr is the unit that manages passenger travel within Germany. Originally called ''{{lang|de|italic=no|Reise & Touristik}}'' (''English'': Travel and Tourism), this group is responsible for the managing, servicing and running of German passenger services. This group is divided into {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Fernverkehr]]}} and {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Regio]]}}.{{Needs citation|date=November 2024}}

===DB Fernverkehr===
{{Main|DB Fernverkehr}}
[[File:ICE 3 Oberhaider-Wald-Tunnel.jpg|alt=|thumb|A [[Siemens]] [[ICE 3]] long-distance high-speed train of {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Fernverkehr]]}}]]{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Fernverkehr AG}} is a semi-independent division of {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}} that operates long-distance passenger trains in Germany. It was founded in 1999 in the second stage of the privatisation of German Federal Railways under the name of {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Reise & Touristik}} and renamed in 2003.

{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Fernverkehr}} operates all [[Intercity Express]] and [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|Intercity]] trains in [[Germany]] as well as in some neighboring countries and several [[EuroCity]] and [[EuroCity-Express|EuroCityExpress]] trains throughout [[Europe]]. Unlike its sister companies {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio}} and {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Cargo}}, {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Fernverkehr}} still holds a {{lang|la|de facto}} monopoly in its segment of the market as it operates hundreds of trains per day, while all competitors' long-distance services combined amount to no more than 10–15 trains per day.{{Needs citation|date=November 2024}}

Additionally {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Fernverkehr}} operated a few long-distance coach services throughout Germany, called ''{{lang|de|italic=no|IC Bus}}'', which since have been terminated.{{Needs citation|date=November 2024}}

===DB Regio===
{{Main|DB Regio}}
[[File:GER Eichstätt, Regionalbahnhof 008.jpg|alt=|thumb|A [[Bombardier Twindexx]] regional train of {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Regio]]}}]] 
[[File:Westbahnhof Hochbahnsteig.jpg|thumb|[[DBAG Class 423]] serving as [[S-Bahn]] in the urban area ''[[Frankfurt Rhine-Main]]'']]
DB Regio AG is the subsidiary of {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}} that operates passenger trains on short and medium distances in Germany. Unlike its long-distance counterpart, {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Fernverkehr}}, it does not operate trains on its own account. Traffic is ordered and paid for by the {{lang|de|italic=no|[[States of Germany|Bundesländer]]}} (states) or their respective regional train operation supervisors.

Some states have awarded long-term contracts to {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio}} (usually 10 to 15 years), in others, DB Regio's operations are decreasing, in North Rhine-Westphalia, their market share is expected to be lower than 50%. {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio}} rail services are divided into several regional companies:

*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Nord}} for [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Hamburg]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Bremen]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Nordost}} for [[Berlin]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio NRW}} for [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Südost}} for [[Saxony]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], [[Thuringia]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Mitte}} for [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Saarland]], [[Hesse]] and parts of [[Baden-Württemberg]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Baden-Württemberg}} for the rest of [[Baden-Württemberg]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|DB Regio Bayern}} for [[Bavaria]]
*{{lang|de|italic=no|[[S-Bahn Hamburg]]}}
*{{lang|de|italic=no|[[S-Bahn Berlin]]}}
*{{lang|de|italic=no|RegioNetz}} (small, independent networks, like [[Erzgebirgsbahn]], [[Gäubodenbahn]], [[Kurhessenbahn]], [[Oberweißbacher Bergbahn]], [[Südostbayernbahn]], [[Westfrankenbahn]] for easier organisation)

The bus services consist of 25 bus companies, which have subsidiary companies themselves.

== Logistics ==
{{Main|DB Cargo}}
[[File:145010 DB Cargo.jpg|thumb|Freight train from [[DB Cargo]] in [[Germany]]]]
The Transport and Logistics division acted in the market with the business units [[DB Schenker]] and [[DB Cargo]], which were combined under the umbrella of DB Schenker, and the Intermodal division, which operates in combined transport. In 2016, rail freight transport was separated from logistics and ''DB Schenker Rail'' was renamed [[DB Cargo]].

In cooperation with the logistics provider [[time:matters]], DB also offers the transport of shipments weighing up to 20&nbsp;kg on its EC/IC/ICE trains.<ref>{{cite web|title=Deutsche Bahn: ic:kurier - Zustellung am gleichen Tag|url=https://www.bahn.de/angebot/zusatzticket/ic_kurier|access-date=1 February 2022|website=www.bahn.de}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
=== DB InfraGO ===
The infrastructure division was divided into the ''[[DB Netz]]'' (rail infrastructure), [[DB Station&Service]] (stations and services) and ''DB Energie'' (Energy) business units. At the end of December 2023, DB Netz merged with DB Station&Service to create [[DB InfraGO]] AG. The new company is intended to reduce poor communication between the two previously separate infrastructure firms and to be more 'oriented towards the common good.' In fact, that is what the GO in Infra'''GO''' stands for in German: ''''G'''emeinwohl'''o'''rientierte.' <ref>{{cite web|access-date=30 January 2024|date=2023-12-27|lang=de|title=Neue Bahngesellschaft InfraGo kann zu Jahresbeginn Arbeit aufnehmen|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/handel-konsumgueter/infrastrukturgesellschaft-neue-bahngesellschaft-infrago-kann-zu-jahresbeginn-arbeit-aufnehmen/100004426.html|work=Handelsblatt}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

=== DB Engineering & Consulting ===
[[DB Engineering & Consulting]], which is responsible for construction supervision, construction planning and [[Maintenance (technical)|maintenance]], is also assigned to this department without being part of a business area. Via its subsidiary DB Engineering & Consulting, DB signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with Iranian rail operator Bonyad Eastern Railways (BonRail) in May 2017 and shortly after a consulting contract with [[Islamic Republic of Iran Railways]]; both projects were abandoned after the United States imposed new sanctions against Iran and said firms doing business with Iran would be barred from doing business with the United States.<ref>Gernot Heller and Douglas Busvine (16 August 2018), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-germany/german-rail-operator-deutsche-telekom-end-iran-projects-idUSKBN1L111C German rail operator, Deutsche Telekom end Iran projects] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>

The [[California High-Speed Rail Authority]]'s (CHSRA) board approved on 15 November 2017 an early train operator contract with DB Engineering & Consulting USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.progressiverailroading.com/high_speed_rail/news/California-high-speed-rail-agency-selects-German-firm-as-early-train-operator--53285 |title=Rail News - California high-speed rail agency selects German firm as early train operator. For Railroad Career Professionals |publisher=Progressiverailroading.com |date= |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> The firm is the U.S. arm of Deutsche Bahn AG. As early train operator, DB Engineering & Consulting will assist CHSRA with planning, designing and implementing the state's high-speed rail program.

== Foreign ventures ==
===Arriva===
Deutsche Bahn purchased [[Arriva]] in August 2010 off the [[London Stock Exchange]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131107181844/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/ec-approves-dbs-takeover-of-arriva/browse/2.html EC approves DB's takeover of Arriva] ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' 11 August 2010</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121019210904/http://www.arriva.co.uk/arriva/en/media_centre/press_releases/2010/2010-08-27/ Scheme of arrangement becomes effective] [[Arriva]] 27 August 2010</ref> To satisfy the [[European Commission]], Arriva's German operations were rebranded [[Netinera]] and sold.<ref>New Name for Arriva Deutschland ''[[Today's Railways Europe]]'' issue 185 May 2011 page 8</ref> As of July 2022, Arriva operated 15,700 buses and 800 railway vehicles in 14 European countries, mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<ref>[https://www.arriva.co.uk/en/countries Countries] Arriva</ref> In 2019, Deutsche Bahn unsuccessfully tried to sell the business.<ref>Canary Wharf investors bid for Arriva ''[[Coach & Bus Week]]'' issue 1399 25 June 2019 page 7</ref> In October 2023, Deutsche Bahn agreed on terms to sell Arriva to [[I Squared Capital]], with the transaction scheduled to be completed in 2024.<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/financial/db-sells-arriva-to-i-squared-capital/ DB sells Arriva to One Square Capital] ''[[International Railway Journal]]'' 19 October 2023</ref> The sale was completed on 4 June 2024 at a reported price of £1.4bn.<ref>[https://www.railnews.co.uk/news/2024/06/03-deutsche-bahns-sale-of-arriva.html Deutsche Bahn's sale of Arriva confirmed]</ref>

===DB Cargo UK===
DB also has interests abroad, owning the United Kingdom's largest rail freight operator, [[DB Cargo UK]], which also operates the [[British Royal Train]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/jun/28/transportintheuk|title=Deutsche Bahn to run Queen's train|author=Macalister, Terry|date=28 June 2007|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> and also has interests in [[Eastern Europe]]. It is possible to obtain train times for any journey in Europe from {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}}'s website.<ref>[http://www.bahn.de/p/view/international/englisch/international_guests.shtml Tickets - Timetable] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060407060611/http://www.bahn.de/p/view/international/englisch/international_guests.shtml|date=7 April 2006}}</ref>

===Trans-Eurasia Logistics===
[[Trans-Eurasia Logistics]] is a [[joint venture]] with [[Russian Railways]] (RŽD) that operates [[containerization|container]] freight trains between Germany and China via [[Russia]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== History ==
{{see also|History of rail transport in Germany}}

=== Background: the Deutsche Reichsbahn ===
{{main|Deutsche Reichsbahn}}
The [[rail transport in Germany|railway network in Germany]] dates back to 1835 when the first tracks were laid on a {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} route between Nuremberg and {{lang|de|italic=no|Fürth}}. The [[Deutsche Reichsbahn]] operated from 1920<ref>{{cite web|date=16 February 2012|title=Verordnung zur Schaffung eines Unternehmens Deutsche Reichsbahn|url=http://www.fh-merseburg.de/~nosske/EpocheII/dg/e2d_2102.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216053523/http://www.fh-merseburg.de/~nosske/EpocheII/dg/e2d_2102.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2012|access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> through the [[Weimar Republic|Weimar]] and [[Nazi Germany|Nazi eras]] until 1949,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mierzejewski |first=Alfred C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TERVAwAAQBAJ&q=1920+German+National+Railway+enterprise |title=The Most Valuable Asset of the Reich: A History of the German National Railway, Volume 1, 1920-1932 |date=30 March 2014 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-1-4696-2020-6}}</ref> when it was split between East and West Germany into two successor entities, [[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|Deutsche Reichsbahn]] and [[Deutsche Bundesbahn]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 April 2006 |title=Vielfältige Informationen zu Eisenbahn, Verkehrsgeschichte und Technikgeschichte aus dem Zeitraum 1919 bis 1945. Epoche II |url= http://www.epoche2.de/|archive-url= 
https://web.archive.org/web/20060408092254/http://www.epoche2.de/ |archive-date=8 April 2006 |url-status=live |access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref> They remained separate throughout the Cold War era division of Germany, and joined after the 1989 fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], and [[German reunification]] in 1990.  On 1 January 1994 {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn (East Germany)|Deutsche Reichsbahn]]}} and {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Deutsche Bundesbahn]]}} were merged to form one company, {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}}, the successor organisation to the Reichsbahn.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neckties from the GDR's Deutsche Reichsbahn and the Deutsche Bahn AG, 1993/1994 |url=https://technikmuseum.berlin/en/exhibitions/object-of-the-month/detail/neckties-from-the-gdrs-deutsche-reichsbahn-and-the-deutsche-bahn-ag-19931994/ |access-date=7 May 2021 |website=technikmuseum.berlin |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109083635/https://technikmuseum.berlin/en/exhibitions/object-of-the-month/detail/neckties-from-the-gdrs-deutsche-reichsbahn-and-the-deutsche-bahn-ag-19931994/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Im Dienst von Demokratie und Diktatur |publisher=DB Museum |url= https://www.dbmuseum.de/museum_de/ausstellungen_fahrzeuge/geschichte_der_eisenbahn/1920_1945-2599370 |access-date=7 May 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210410114315/https://www.dbmuseum.de/museum_de/ausstellungen_fahrzeuge/geschichte_der_eisenbahn/1920_1945-2599370 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Paterson |first=Tony |title=German railway fears flood of lawsuits over Holocaust trains |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/german-railway-fears-flood-lawsuits-over-holocaust-trains-7609055.html |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210507105738/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/german-railway-fears-flood-lawsuits-over-holocaust-trains-7609055.html |archive-date=7 May 2021 |work=The Independent |location= London |date=2 April 2012 |quote=The German railway company Deutsche Bahn has engaged a New York law firm to fight off compensation claims that it might face under proposed legislation enabling Holocaust victims and their relatives to sue for damages in US courts. The state-owned network is the main successor to the Nazi-run Deutsche Reichsbahn which, along with other railways in German-occupied Europe, deported millions of Jews to death camps during the Second World War.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 July 2020 |title=Holocaust survivor launches legal claim against German railway |url= http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/30/holocaust-survivor-launches-legal-claim-against-german-railways |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200731015053/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/30/holocaust-survivor-launches-legal-claim-against-german-railways |archive-date=31 July 2020 
 |access-date=7 May 2021 |work=The Guardian |location= London |quote=The scale of the Holocaust was only possible due to the efficiency and scale of the German railways. In January 1943, the head of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, wrote to Albert Ganzenmüller, the secretary of state for transport and the deputy director of the Reichsbahn, pleading for more train stock. "If I have any hope of quickly dealing with matters, I must have more haulage trains. Help me to get more," he said. Ganzenmüller, an early member of the Nazi party, was the only member of the railway to go on trial. On his first day in court in 1973 he had a heart attack and was declared medically unfit. He died in 1996. After the war, the German Democratic Republic in East Germany took over the name of the Deutsche Reichsbahn for its railway system. Today's Deutsche Bahn was created in 1994 after German reunification and the East German railway's merger with the West German Deutsche Bundesbahn.}}</ref> At the same time, {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}} adopted its current logo and ''DB'' abbreviation. Kurt Weidemann modernised the logo and typographer {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Erik Spiekermann]]}} designed a new corporate font known as ''DB Type''. When Deutsche Bahn was formed in January 1994, it became a joint stock-company, and was designed to operate the railways of both the former East and West Germany after unification in October 1990 as a single, uniform, and private company.<ref name="db1">{{cite web |title=The foundation of Deutsche Bahn AG |url=http://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/db__group/corporate__group/history/topics/foundation/foundation.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081227104858/http://www.deutschebahn.com/site/bahn/en/db__group/corporate__group/history/topics/foundation/foundation.html|publisher=Deutsche Bahn AG |date=10 July 2008 |archive-date=27 December 2008 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> There are three main periods of development in this unified German railway: its formation, its early years (1994–1999), and the period from 1999 to the present.

Originally, DBAG had its headquarters in {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Frankfurt am Main]]}} but moved to {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Potsdamer Platz]]}} in central Berlin in 1996, where it occupies a 26-storey office tower designed by {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Helmut Jahn]]}} at the eastern end of the [[Sony Center|Sony Centre]] and named {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Bahntower]]}}. As the lease was to expire in 2010, DB had announced plans to relocate to {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Berlin Hauptbahnhof]]}}, and in 2007 a proposal for a new headquarters by [[3XN|3XN Architects]] won an architectural competition which also included [[Foster and Partners|Foster + Partners]], {{lang|fr|[[Dominique Perrault]]}} and {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Auer+Weber+Assoziierte|Auer + Weber]]}}.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 December 2007 |url=http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.projectview&upload_id=1766 |title=Competition win for 3XN |work=World Architecture News |access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref> However, these plans were put on hold due to the [[2008 financial crisis]], and the {{lang|de|italic=no|Bahntower}} lease was extended.<ref>{{cite web |url= 
http://www.ftd.de/unternehmen/handel_dienstleister/:Deutsche%20Bahn%20Pl%E4ne%20Umzug/346601.html |title=Deutsche Bahn verwirft Pläne für Umzug |website=www.ftd.de |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130206115122/http://www.ftd.de/unternehmen/handel_dienstleister/:Deutsche%20Bahn%20Pl%E4ne%20Umzug/346601.html |archive-date=6 February 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of the new headquarters building was started in 2017 under the title "[[:de:Cube Berlin|Cube Berlin]]" according to the designs by 3XN. Finished in February 2020, the Cube will house the legal offices of Deutsche Bahn, but not become the main headquarters.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jürgens |first=Isabell |date=19 February 2020|title="Cube Berlin" – Europas schlauestes Gebäude geht in Betrieb |url= https://www.morgenpost.de/bezirke/mitte/article228465217/Cube-Berlin-Europas-schlauestes-Gebaeude-geht-in-Betrieb.html|access-date=7 June 2020 |website=www.morgenpost.de |language=de-DE}}</ref>

=== 1999 to present ===
The second step of the {{lang|de|italic=no|Bahnreform}} (railway reform) was carried out in 1999. All rolling stock, track, personnel, and real assets were divided between the subsidiaries of DBAG: {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Reise & Touristik AG}} (long-distance passenger service, later renamed {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Station & Service AG}} (operating the stations)). This new organisational scheme was introduced not least to implement [[EU Directive 91/440|European Community directive 91/440/EEC]] that requires open access operations on railway lines by companies other than those that own the rail infrastructure.

In December 2007, DB reorganised again, bringing all passenger services into its {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Bahn]]}} arm, logistics under {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Schenker]]}} and infrastructure and operations under {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Netze]]}}.

The DB is owned by the Federal Republic. By the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|Constitution]], the Federal Republic is required to retain (directly or indirectly) a majority of the infrastructure (the present {{lang|de|italic=no|DB Netze}}) stocks.

In 2008, it was agreed to "float" a portion of the business, meaning an end to the 100% share the German Federal Republic had in it, with a plan that 25% of the overall share would be sold to the private sector.<ref>"Partial sale of DB agreed" ''[[Railway Gazette International]]'' May 2008 page 289</ref> However the onset of the [[2008 financial crisis]] saw this cancelled.<ref>"DB flotation on hold" ''Railway Gazette International'' November 2008 page 843</ref>

In 2014, the Jewish community of Thessaloniki demanded that the {{lang|de|italic=no|Deutsche Bahn}}, which is the successor of the {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Deutsche Reichsbahn]]}}, should reimburse the heirs of Greek Holocaust victims of Thessaloniki for train fares that they were forced to pay for their deportation from Thessaloniki to {{lang|de|italic=no|Auschwitz}} and Treblinka between March and August 1943.<ref>[http://faktencheckhellas.org/en/one-way-tickets-thessaloniki-auschwitz/ One way tickets Thessaloniki – Auschwitz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208195215/http://faktencheckhellas.org/en/one-way-tickets-thessaloniki-auschwitz/ |date=8 February 2017 }}, June 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.zug-der-erinnerung.eu/ Zug der Erinnerung/Thessaloniki Zug der Erinnerung (non-government organisation "Train of Commemoration")].</ref>

In June 2018 controversy grew in the [[United Kingdom]] over widespread cancellations of railway services and numerous delayed services operated by Deutsche Bahn in Britain, under its [[Arriva Rail North|Northern]] brand. This resulted in Britain's Minister of Transport, Chris Grayling, setting up an enquiry into whether the Deutsche Bahn subsidiary had breached its contractual agreement to provide railway services in the north of England.<ref>Gwyn Topham; Helen Pidd; Pippa Crerar (4 June 2018). "Northern and GTR could be barred from rail franchises". ''The Guardian''. London.</ref>

In 2024, Deutsche Bahn faced significant operational challenges during the [[Euro 2024]] football tournament, including frequent train delays, cancellations, and infrastructure issues.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Rory | last1=Smith |first2=Melissa | last2=Eddy |date=2024-06-23 |title=In Germany, a Tournament Runs Smoothly, but the Trains Do Not |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/23/world/europe/germany-trains-euro-2024.html |work=The New York Times|location= |access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jessica| last=Parker|date=2024-07-18 |title=How Euro 2024 busted legend of German efficiency |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckvgkgq9yeqo |work=BBC |access-date=2025-05-05}}</ref> The rail carrier reported a €1 billion half year net loss stemming from investments to repair its rail network, strikes and bad weather in July of the same year. As a result, Deutsche Bahn announced that they would shed 30,000 administrative jobs, roughly equal to 9% of their workforce.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-07-25 |title=Deutsche Bahn to cut 30,000 jobs after billion-euro first-half net loss |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/deutsche-bahn-lowers-2024-forecasts-after-billion-euro-net-loss-h1-2024-07-25/ |work=Reuters |location= |access-date=2024-09-03}}</ref>

In September 2024, the company came to an agreement with [[DSV (company)|DSV]] of Denmark, a logistics company; in the agreement, DSV will acquire [[Schenker AG|Schenker]] from Deutsche Bahn for $15.84 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chirls |first=Stuart |date=2024-09-13 |title=Schenker buy makes DSV a forwarder colossus |url=https://www.freightwaves.com/news/schenker-buy-makes-dsv-a-forwarder-colossus |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=FreightWaves |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobsen |first=Stine |last2=Gronholt-Pedersen |first2=Jacob |last3=More |first3=Rachel |date=18 September 2024 |title=DSV to create global logistics giant with $15.9 billion Schenker takeover |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/freight-forwarder-dsv-buys-deutsche-bahns-schenker-159-billion-2024-09-13/ |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

=== Logo ===
<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft logo.svg|1 April 1920 to 26 April 1945,<br /> operating as ''Deutsche Reichsbahn''
File:Deutsche Reichsbahn DDR.svg|30 August 1924 to 31 December 1993,<br /> operating as ''Deutsche Reichsbahn''.<br /><small>This mark was used in tandem with the previous logo until April 1945.</small>
File:Deutsche Bundesbahn.svg|10 October 1946 to 31 December 1993,<br /> operating as {{Lang|de|Deutsche Bundesbahn}}
File:Deutsche Bahn AG-Logo.svg|Current logo, in use since 1 January 1994,<br /> operating as ''Deutsche Bahn''
</gallery>

== Train categories ==
Trains in Germany are classified by their stopping pattern, average speed and level of comfort provided:<ref>[http://www.bahn.de/hilfe/view/pk/de/alle_ergebnisseiten_produktinfo.shtml "Produktübersicht"] on DB AG website</ref>

===Long-distance trains===
*'''ICE''' (''[[Intercity-Express]]'') for high-speed long-distance train services between major cities and regions. Certain routes also cross European borders into the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland and Austria.
*'''EC''' ([[EuroCity]]) for intercity trains that cross borders, and connect Germany with other countries. Can also be operated by foreign state railways.
*'''IC''' (''[[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|InterCity]]'') for long-distance [[Higher-speed rail|semi-high-speed]] services that connect regions and cities. IC services are slightly lower in class than ICE services, with trains reaching lower speeds (average around 160 – 220&nbsp;km/h) and with more frequent stops. On some IC routes the trains use legacy railway lines instead of the high-speed lines the ICE takes. International IC services are usually operated as ''EuroCity''.

Just as ICE, EC and (few) IC cross European borders, train categories of other operators cross into Germany and are operated in cooperation with Deutsche Bahn:
*'''[[EuroCity#EuroCity-Express|ECE]]''' for international high-speed rail services in cooperation with [[Swiss Federal Railways|SBB]]. Currently two routes ([[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]]-[[Milan]] and [[Munich]]-[[Zurich]]).
*'''[[TGV]]''' in cooperation with [[SNCF]] from France to Frankfurt and Munich via Stuttgart.
*'''[[Railjet]]''' from Austria to Munich and Frankfurt in cooperation with [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]] and from Prague to Berlin in cooperation with [[České dráhy|ČD]].

===Regional trains===
* '''IRE''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[Interregio-Express]]}}) are longer distance RE trains that connect regions and cities. On most routes they serve as slower IC trains. IRE trains only exist in [[Baden-Württemberg]] and formerly on the Hamburg–Berlin route.
* '''RE''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[Regional-Express]]}}) serve regions and connects cities, and do not stop at every station on the route.
* '''RB''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[Regionalbahn]]}}) stop at all stations on the route (except where S-Bahn is available) and are often the most basic train service available.
* '''S''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[S-Bahn]]}}) is a type of [[rapid transit]] for larger cities and stop at all stations. {{lang|de|italic=no|S-Bahn}} operate high-frequency services and are usually characterised by crossing through the city centre with dense station spacing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=S-Bahn (Germany) |url=https://showmethejourney.com/travel-on/train/15-s-bahn-germany/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=ShowMeTheJourney |language=en}}</ref>

There are several other operators in Germany which sometimes offer other categories, also, a local transport authority or tariff associations might brand the trains in a different way than DB does. For example, in the Nuremberg region, RE and RB trains are not differentiated, but called R instead. In some regions, such as {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg]]}}, private operators do use the RE and RB labels, in others, such as [[Saxony]], they do not. In online and print information systems of DB, private trains officially labelled RB and RE by their operators, might get a different label, for example "ABR" for trains operated by [[Abellio Deutschland|Abellio]], though on platforms, trains and maps or timetables issued by the local transport authority overseeing regional train services, these abbreviations usually do not appear.

===Former categories===
* '''D''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|D-Zug}} or {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Schnellzug]]}}, abbreviated from {{lang|de|italic=no|Durchgangszug}}) was the [[express train]] category and used to be the highest train category. It was replaced by IC and the even faster ICE. The trains of the {{lang|de|italic=no|SyltShuttle plus}} car shuttle service connecting the island of [[Sylt]] with the mainland are still officially referred to as D trains
* '''E''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[Eilzug]]}}) was the [[express train|semi-fast service]] offering faster journeys than normal passenger trains but not at such long distances and speed as D trains, though there were some quite long running E trains. No direct successor, would be located between RE and IC.
* '''IR''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[InterRegio]]}}), set between RE and IC was meant to connect cities and regions at a lower price, but also be used for local traffic. Replaced partly by IC, RE and IRE.
* '''MET''' (''[[Metropolitan (train)|Metropolitan]]'') was a luxury train service between Hamburg and Cologne. The two special MET train sets are now used for IC and ICE services, and does still have a comfort level above the regular IC and ICE coaches.
* '''N''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|Nahverkehrszug}}), the most basic form of train service stopping at all stations. When all local train services were {{lang|de|italic=no|vertaktet}}, i.e. operating at a fixed interval (mostly one train per hour), they were rebranded as RB.
* '''SE''' ({{lang|de|italic=no|[[Stadt-Express]]}}) operated as a mixture of RE and RB: trains skipped many stations in urban areas but made all stops in the countryside. Rebranded as RE and RB. In some regions, such as Rhine-Main (Frankfurt, {{lang|de|italic=no|[[Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund]]}}), the local transit authority advertised trains as SE. Internally, DB classified them as either RE or RB, but even DB trains display "SE" on their destination boards. This ceased in December 2016.

== Tickets ==
{{unsourced section|date=July 2024}}
DB offers two different pricing models for single or return tickets for routes that include long-distance trains:
* The ''Flexpreis'' (originally ''Normalpreis''): gives full flexibility, i.e., all trains on the given date can be used on the chosen route. This price is independent of the time of purchase for a given route and tickets are reimbursable prior to the day of departure. 
* The ''Sparpreis'' and ''Super-Sparpreis'' are generally cheaper tickets that must be purchased in advance and are only valid for a specific connection.

Ticket prices generally rise degressively over distance, particularly for Sparpreise and Supersparpreise.{{fact|date=December 2024}} Seat reservations are included only for first class tickets and seating capacity is not always assured, even for tickets valid on one particular connection only.
 
Local trains (S, RB, RE, IRE) also accept tickets issued by [[List of German transport associations|local transport associations]], which can also be used on buses, trams, and [[Rapid transit in Germany#U-Bahn|U-Bahn]] trains.

DB offers concessionary fares with the ''[[BahnCard]]'' discount cards, which are available as ''BahnCard 25'' (25% discount on Flexpreis and Sparpreis), ''BahnCard 50'' (50% discount on Flexpreis and 25% discount on Sparpreis), and ''BahnCard 100'' (unlimited travel on all Deutsche Bahn trains, a few private train companies and also in many local transport associations).

Other special tickets, such as the ''Länder-Tickets'' ("state tickets"), which give unlimited journeys on local trains and in many transport associations within a state, and [[Interrail]] are also available. These Länder-Tickets offer group tickets, where up to five people can travel on a single ticket.<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Tickets |url=https://www.bahn.com/en/view/offers/regional/regional-day-tickets.shtml?dbkanal_007=L04_S02_D002_KIN0060_NAVIGATION-LINKS-REGIONALE-TICKETS_LZ01 |website=Deutsche Bahn |access-date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=21 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121141144/https://www.bahn.com/en/view/offers/regional/regional-day-tickets.shtml?dbkanal_007=L04_S02_D002_KIN0060_NAVIGATION-LINKS-REGIONALE-TICKETS_LZ01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Sponsorship ==
Deutsche Bahn has sponsored the German football club [[Hertha BSC]] between 2006 and 2015.

== Incidents ==
* [[2025 Hamburg train accident]]
* [[Bad Aibling rail accident]]
* [[Brühl train derailment]]
* [[Eschede train disaster]]
* [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen train derailment]]
* [[Hordorf train collision]]
* [[2012 Stuttgart derailments]]

== See also ==

*{{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Fernverkehr]]}}
* {{lang|de|italic=no|[[DB Regio]]}}
*[[DB Cargo]]
* [[Rail transport in Germany]]
* [[Railway electrification system]]
* [[Transport in Germany]]

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category inline|Deutsche Bahn}}
* [https://www.deutschebahn.com/en/group Official corporate website]
* [http://www.bahn.com Official customer website]

{{Deutsche Bahn}}
{{German railway companies}}
{{National railway companies of Europe}}
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{{German DMUs|nocat=true}}
{{German EMUs|nocat=true}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Star Alliance}}

[[Category:Deutsche Bahn| ]]
[[Category:Railway companies of Germany| ]]
[[Category:Berlin S-Bahn]]
[[Category:Companies based in Berlin]]
[[Category:German companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:German brands]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Railteam]]
[[Category:Railway companies established in 1994]]
[[Category:Government-owned railway companies]]
[[Category:Star Alliance]]