Editing Derby Line, Vermont

{{Short description|Village in Orleans County, Vermont, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
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<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|official_name            = Derby Line, Vermont
|other_name               = 
|native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname                 = 
|settlement_type          = Village
|motto                    = 
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|image_skyline            = HaskellLibraryFront.jpg 
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|image_caption            = Haskell Free Library and Opera House
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<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{USA}} 
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Vermont}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Vermont|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Orleans County, Vermont|Orleans County]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[New England town|Town]]
|subdivision_name3        = Derby
|subdivision_type4        = 
|subdivision_name4        = 
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|established_title        = Organized
|established_date         = June 16, 1977
|established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2        = October 6, 1982
|established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3        = September 27, 1993
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude           = 
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_50.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 1.89
<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2            = 1.88
<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2           = 0.01
|area_total_sq_mi         = 0.73
|area_land_sq_mi          = 0.73
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
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<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
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|population_total         = 687
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<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|coordinates              = {{coord|45|00|17.98|N|72|05|57.97|W|region:US-VT|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m              = 322
|elevation_ft             = 1056
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 05830
|area_code                = [[Area code 802|802]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 50-17500<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1457154<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
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}}

'''Derby Line''' is an [[Village (Vermont)|incorporated village]] in the town of [[Derby, Vermont|Derby]] in [[Orleans County, Vermont]], United States, slightly north of the [[45th parallel north|45th parallel]], the nominal U.S.–Canada boundary. The population was 687 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US5017500|title=Census - Geography Profile: Derby Line village, Vermont|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 26, 2021}}</ref>

The village is located on the [[Canada–United States border]] and is contiguous with the district of [[Stanstead, Quebec#Rock Island|Rock Island]] in the town of [[Stanstead, Quebec]].<ref name="18border">{{cite news |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |title=Quebec and Vermont Towns Bond Over a Sleepy Border |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/18/world/americas/18border.html |access-date=April 2, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111004203113/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/18/world/americas/18border.html |archive-date=October 4, 2011 |url-status=unfit}}{{cbignore|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref>
[[File:Border_Patrol_at_Canadian_border_in_Beebe_Plain,_Vermont.jpg|thumb|The US Canada border]]
Notable buildings include the [[Haskell Free Library and Opera House]].

==History==
<!--a bit of confusion here between "history" and how things are today. The latter should be moved out to appropriate non-history subsections--->

The village was incorporated in 1791.<ref name=HHS>{{cite book |title=Holland and Its Neighbors |year=2004 |isbn=0-7385-3614-8 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |author=Holland Historical Society|page=39}}</ref> It lies on an elevation at the far north of Derby, which was chartered on October 29, 1779, and first settled in 1795. By 1859, the area was noted for the beauty of its [[farmhouse]]s and luxuriant [[arable land|farmland]], set before the distant vista of [[Lake Memphremagog]] and the [[Green Mountains]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&dq=coolidge%20mansfield%20history%20description%20new%20england%201859&pg=PA790 Austin J. Coolidge & John B. Mansfield, ''A History and Description of New England;'' Boston, Massachusetts 1859]</ref>

Because of an erratic survey, the border separating Canada from the United States was drawn incorrectly by the surveyors in the 18th century, above the 45th parallel which was the agreed boundary. Derby Line was founded based on that line, above the 45th parallel. The boundary was confirmed by the [[Webster–Ashburton Treaty]] in 1842.

==Description==
Derby Line is known for the [[Haskell Free Library and Opera House]], a [[line house]] deliberately constructed on the international border and opened in 1904. The founders were a binational couple: Carlos F. Haskell was a local American businessman who owned a number of sawmills, while Martha Stewart Haskell was Canadian. The intent was that people on both sides of the border would have use of the facility, which is now a designated historic site. Patrons of the library from either side of the border may use the facility without going through border security.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ring|first=William|title=Border crackdown could hit binational library|newspaper=Burlington Free Press|date=May 25, 2007}}</ref>

Besides the library, five inhabited structures are divided by the border. Most residents use the US entrances to avoid problems with the border patrol; crossing the border within buildings does not require official permission.<ref name="clui">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/section/united-divide-a-linear-portrait-usacanada-border-2 |title=Chapter 3: The 45th Parallel |website=United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border |publisher=The Center for Land Use Interpretation |publication-date=Winter 2015}}</ref> A tool-and-die factory, once operated by the Butterfield division of [[Litton Industries]], is also divided.<ref>{{Cite news
  | title = History of Butterfield's
  | newspaper = The Stanstead Journal
  | date = July 31, 1952
| url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=805&dat=19520731&id=KQ8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1656,1467984
  }}</ref> The factory in Canada closed in 1982 after a lengthy strike by Canadian workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://townshipsheritage.com/article/butterfields-important-invention-leads-international-factory |title=Butterfield's: Important Invention Leads to International Factory &#124; Townships Heritage WebMagazine |publisher=Townshipsheritage.com |access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> The factory in Derby Line is open. It was bought in 1988 by Group Tivoly, a cutting tools company based in France,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tivolyinc.com/about.htm |title=Cutting tools |publisher=Tivoly INC. |access-date=January 25, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112020233/http://www.tivolyinc.com/about.htm |archive-date=January 12, 2012  }}</ref> and has 160 employees.{{r|clui}}

There are ramifications to living directly on the border of another country. For example, the [[United States Border Patrol|US Border Patrol]] expressed a desire to close off streets (such as [[Canusa Street]]) which have historically run together with those of Stanstead Town. Border officials were concerned about illegal immigration. In 2007, the village of Derby Line met with the Mayor and Council of Stanstead in joint session in Québec, to be addressed by the authorities. This meant that the Vermont village's trustee meeting was held in a foreign country, following Vermont procedural rules.<ref>{{cite news|last=Greeser|first=Joseph|title=Border meeting set for Thursday|publisher=The Chronicle|date=May 23, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= A border runs through it: Tiny town worries feds|date=May 26, 2007|publisher=[[CNN.com]] ([[Associated Press|AP]])|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/05/26/border.quirk.ap/index.html|archive-date=June 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070618080148/http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/05/26/border.quirk.ap/index.html}}</ref>

A telephone call between Derby Line, Vermont, and Rock Island, Québec, is [[Local call|local]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.localcallingguide.com/lca_rcdist.php?npa1=802&nxx1=873&npa2=819&nxx2=876 |title=Local call finder |publisher=Local calling guide |date=July 31, 2016 |access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|0.7|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

===Climate===
{{Weatherbox
|location = Derby Line, Vermont
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 26
|Feb high F = 31
|Mar high F = 41
|Apr high F = 54
|May high F = 69
|Jun high F = 77
|Jul high F = 81
|Aug high F = 79
|Sep high F = 70
|Oct high F = 57
|Nov high F = 43
|Dec high F = 31
|year high F= 55
|Jan low F = 6
|Feb low F = 8
|Mar low F = 19
|Apr low F = 31
|May low F = 43
|Jun low F = 52
|Jul low F = 57
|Aug low F = 55
|Sep low F = 47
|Oct low F = 37
|Nov low F = 27
|Dec low F = 13
|year low F= 33
|Jan record high F =  64
|Feb record high F =  62
|Mar record high F =  83
|Apr record high F =  87
|May record high F = 92
|Jun record high F = 95
|Jul record high F = 98
|Aug record high F = 95
|Sep record high F = 96
|Oct record high F =  84
|Nov record high F =  74
|Dec record high F =  66
|year record high F= 98
|Jan record low F = −38
|Feb record low F =  −38
|Mar record low F = −32
|Apr record low F =  −2
|May record low F =  20
|Jun record low F =  28
|Jul record low F =  36
|Aug record low F =  32
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F =  0
|Nov record low F =  −7
|Dec record low F = −40
|year record low F= −40
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.96
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.16
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.96
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.93
|May precipitation inch = 3.67
|Jun precipitation inch =  3.93
|Jul precipitation inch =  4.19
|Aug precipitation inch =  4.18
|Sep precipitation inch =  3.76
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.45
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.47
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.12
|year precipitation inch=
|Jan snow inch = 24.7
|Feb snow inch =  17.2
|Mar snow inch =  18.8
|Apr snow inch =   6.9
|May snow inch =   0.2
|Jun snow inch =   0
|Jul snow inch =   0
|Aug snow inch =   0
|Sep snow inch =   0.1
|Oct snow inch =   1.1
|Nov snow inch =  11
|Dec snow inch = 23.1
|year snow inch=
|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intellicast.com/Local/History.aspx?location=USVT0057|title=Intellicast - Derby Line Historic Weather Averages in Vermont (05830)|website=www.intellicast.com}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==

{{US Census population
|1900= 309
|1910= 390
|1920= 640
|1930= 683
|1940= 661
|1950= 767
|1960= 849
|1970= 834
|1980= 874
|1990= 855
|2000= 776
|2010= 673
|2020= 687
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 776 people, 329 households, and 225 families residing in the village.  The [[population density]] was {{convert|1057.5|/sqmi|/km2|abbr=on}}.  There were 364 housing units at an average density of 496.0 per square mile (192.5/km<sup>2</sup>).  The racial makeup of the village was 96.78% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.39% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.90% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.64% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 1.29% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.13% of the population.

There were 329 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.0 males.

==Economy==
===Personal income===
The median income for a household in the village was $33,966, and the median income for a family was $37,375. Males had a median income of $30,208 versus $21,667 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $15,202.  About 11.4% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.

===Industry===
A local subsidiary of an international tool manufacturer employs 180 workers from the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manta.com/coms2/dnbcompany_03x8jz |title=Tivoly Inc (Tivoly, Inc) - Derby Line, Vermont (VT) &#124; Company Profile |publisher=Manta.com |access-date=January 25, 2012}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==

===Roads===
The village is the northern terminus of both [[Interstate 91]] and [[U.S. Route 5|US 5]], which both continue northward into Québec as [[Quebec Autoroute 55]] and [[Quebec Route 143]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Vermont Atlas & Gazetteer  |publisher=[[DeLorme]]| year=2007 |isbn=978-0899333229 |pages=54}}</ref>

===Water===
Drinking water for the adjacent towns of Derby Line and Stanstead is pumped from wells in Canada, stored in a reservoir in the United States and distributed through a system maintained by Canadians. Derby Line's sewage makes a cross-border trip for treatment.<ref name="18border"/>

Derby Line shares emergency crews with Stanstead. Each responds to calls on both sides of the border.

<gallery>
Image:View from Station, Derby Line, VT.jpg|View from station c. 1908
Image:Rock Island, QC and Derby Line, VT.jpg|The twin villages c. 1906
Image:Derby Line Hotel, Derby Line, VT.jpg|Derby Line Hotel c. 1908
File:HaskellFreeLibraryandOperaHouse.JPG|Haskell Free Library on the US-Canada border, 2012
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Derby Line, Vermont}}
* [http://www.derbyvt.org/ Town of Derby, Vermont]
* [https://www.haskelloperahouse.org/ Haskell Free Library and Opera House]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091215152158/http://www.derbyvt.org/historical.htm Derby Historical Society]
* {{Cite magazine |date=August 1979 |title=Partly in Vermont: A borderline case |magazine=Time magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948520,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201120034/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,948520,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 1, 2008 }}

{{Orleans County, Vermont}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|45|0|17.98|N|72|5|57.97|W|region:US_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Incorporated villages in Vermont]]
[[Category:Derby, Vermont]]
[[Category:Border irregularities of the United States]]
[[Category:Villages in Orleans County, Vermont]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1791]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Vermont]]