Editing Denis Gaultier

{{Short description|French lutenist and composer}}
{{Other people|Gaultier}}
[[Image:Denis Gaultier 1652.jpg|thumb|Denis Gaultier, engraving by [[Robert Nanteuil]] from ''La Rhétorique des Dieux'' (1652, detail)]]
'''Denis Gaultier''' (''Gautier'', ''Gaulthier''; also known as '''Gaultier le jeune''' and '''Gaultier de Paris''') (1597 or 1602/3 – 1672) was a French [[lutenist]] and [[composer]]. He was a cousin of [[Ennemond Gaultier]].

==Life==
Gaultier was born in [[Paris]]; two conflicting sources point to either 1597 or 1603 as the year of birth. The former can be deduced from an account by Thorian, who claimed that Gaultier died in 1672 at the age of seventy-five. However, an archival document from the [[Hôtel-Dieu de Paris]] hospital states that Gaultier was twenty-three at the time of his convalescence in the hospital, which was from 24 October 1626 to 12 December 1626.

Very little is known about Gaultier's career. He may have studied under [[Charles Racquet]], since he commemorated the lutenist's death with a [[tombeau]]. Until at least 1631 Denis's career was closely linked to that of his older cousin, Ennemond; so much that contemporary writers referred to either composer by surname only, making no attempt to distinguish between them. Both lutenists had connections with [[Charles Fleury|Blancrocher]] and [[Henri de L'Enclos]], and both secured a high reputation comparable to that of [[François Dufault|François Dufaut]], [[Jacques Gallot]], or [[Charles Mouton]]. In 1635 Denis married Françoise Daucourt. Their son Philippe Emmanuel would later become advisor to the king, but there is no evidence that Gaultier himself ever held a court position, even though his cousin did. Denis most probably gained fame and income through [[salon (gathering)|salon]] playing.

==Works==
Denis and Ennemond are confused in many contemporary manuscripts and prints, leading to numerous attribution problems. A number of pieces are signed simply with the surname, some are attributed to Denis in one collection and to Ennemond in another, and still others are now known to have been be misattributed. Gaultier's output, as is to be expected from a 17th-century French lutenist, consists mainly of dance suites for the [[lute]]. In general, Gaultier was a masterful melodist, effortlessly writing graceful melodic lines with clear phrase structures, but his music is less inventive harmonically than that of some other French lutenists of the era, such as [[René Mesangeau]] or [[Pierre Dubut]].

Three published collections of Gaultier's music have come down to us, all from his late years. ''La Rhétorique des dieux'' (1652) contains twelve parts, each named after one of the Greek modes, but the actual harmonic procedures of the pieces are not connected to the modes. Many of the pieces reference [[Greek mythology]]. The collection, compiled under the patronage of [[Anne de Chambré]], also contains engravings after [[Eustache Le Sueur|Le Sueur]], [[Abraham Bosse]] and [[Robert de Nanteuil]]. Two other collections, ''Pièces de luth sur trois différens modes nouveaux'' (c.1669) and ''Livre de tablature [...] de Mr. Gaultier Sr. de Nève et de Mr. Gaultier son cousin'' (c.1672) both begin with basic instructions on lute playing. All three manuscripts consist principally of dances. The one other genre Gaultier made an important contribution to is the [[tombeau]].

An adequate assessment of Gaultier's music and influence is difficult, owing to attribution problems. According to recent research, ''La Rhétorique des dieux'' may consist of works not composed by Denis Gaultier, or original works by him changed by unknown scribes.<ref>[http://lutecorner.ch/forschg_e.html Andreas Schlegel: Abstracts]</ref> The 1672 collection was completed after Gaultier's death by his pupil Montarcis, and contains music by two different Gaultiers. Other pieces, found in various manuscripts, also pose numerous attribution problems. Nevertheless, Gaultier was an important exponent of the French ''[[style brisé]]'', and as such an influence on harpsichordists such as [[Johann Jakob Froberger]]. Around 1680 a few of Gaultier's works were included in anthologies by [[Perrine (music theorist)|Perrine]], a French theorist who experimented with the writing of lute music in staff notation.

==Media==
*{{Audio|GAULTIER Appolon orateur.mid|La Rhétorique des Dieux: Appolon orateur}}

==Bibliography==
*David Joseph Buch (ed.): ''Denis Gaultier: La Rhétorique des dieux'' (Middleton, Wisconsin: A-R Editions, 1990); {{ISBN|978-0-89579-238-9}}
*{{Cite Grove |last=Rollin |first=Monique |title=Denis Gaultier}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaultier, Denis}}
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1672 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century French classical composers]]
[[Category:French Baroque composers]]
[[Category:Composers for lute]]
[[Category:French lutenists]]
[[Category:French male classical composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Paris]]
[[Category:17th-century French male musicians]]