Editing Demographics of Vietnam

{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox place demographics
 | place              = [[Vietnam]]<ref name="Official">[https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=621&ItemID=15507], 28 December 2015.</ref>
 | image              = Vietnam population pyramid 01.04.2019.png
| image_size              =350
 | caption            = Vietnam [[population pyramid]] in 2019
<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = 100,300,000
(December 31, 2023)<ref name=p103>{{cite book | author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]]  | year = 2023  | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf | title = Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 | trans-title= Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022 | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam)  | access-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230710131057/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf|url-status=live| page=103 }}</ref>    
 | density            = 300/km²<ref name=p105>{{cite book | author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]]  | year = 2023  | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf | title = Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 | trans-title= Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022 | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam)  | access-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230710131057/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf|url-status=live| page=105 }}</ref>
 | growth             = 0.97% (2021 est.)<ref name=p99>{{cite book | author = [[General Statistics Office of Vietnam]]  | year = 2023  | url = https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf | title = Niên giám Thống kê Việt Nam năm 2022 | trans-title= Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam 2022 | publisher = Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam)  | access-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-date = 2023-07-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230710131057/https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2022-update-8.7_compressed-3.pdf|url-status=live| page=99 }}</ref>
 | birth              = 15.2 births/1000 population (2022 est.)<ref name=p99/>
 | death              = 6.1 deaths/1000 population (2022 est.)<ref name=p99/>
 | life               = 73.6 years (2022 est.)<ref name=p99/><ref>{{cite web |title=Average life expectancy in Vietnam reaches 74.7 years in 2024 |url=https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20250221/average-life-expectancy-in-vietnam-reaches-747-years-in-2024/84693.html |website=Tuoi Tre News |date=2024-02-21}}</ref>
 | life_male          = 71.1 years (2022 est.)
 | life_female        = 76.4 years (2022 est.) 
 | infant_mortality   = 12.1 deaths/1000 live births (2022 est.)<ref name=p99/>
 | fertility          = 1.91 births/woman (2024)<ref>https://pune.news/international/vietnams-birth-rate-hits-record-low-in-2024-283470/</ref>
 | age_0-14_years     = 24% ([[2019 Vietnamese census|2019]])<ref>{{cite news|last=Lê|first=Nga|date=11 July 2019|title=Đồng Tháp, TP HCM mức sinh con thấp nhất cả nước|work=[[VnExpress]]|url=https://vnexpress.net/dong-thap-tp-hcm-muc-sinh-con-thap-nhat-ca-nuoc-3951127.html|access-date=2021-10-20|archive-date=2020-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925110207/https://vnexpress.net/dong-thap-tp-hcm-muc-sinh-con-thap-nhat-ca-nuoc-3951127.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | age_15-64_years    = 68.4% ([[2019 Vietnamese census|2019]])
 | age_65_years       = 7.6%  (2019)
 | total_mf_ratio     = 0.995 male(s)/female (2022)<ref name=p99/>
 | sr_at_birth        = 1.116 male(s)/female (2022)<ref name=p103/>
 | sr_under_15        = 1.1 male(s)/female
 | sr_15-64_years     = 1 male (s)/female
 | sr_65_years_over   = 0.62 male(s)/female
<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = ''noun'': Vietnamese (singular and plural) ''adjective'': Vietnamese
 | major_ethnic       = [[Vietnamese people|Kinh]] (85.32%)
 | minor_ethnic       =  {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[Tay people|Tay]] (1.92%)
* [[Thai people in Vietnam|Thái]] (1.89%)
* [[Muong people|Muong]] (1.51%)
* [[Hmong people|Hmong]] (1.45%)
* [[Khmer people|Khmers]] (1.37%)
* [[Nùng people|Nung]] (1.13%)
* [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam|Other groups]] (5.41%)
{{tree list/end}}
}}
<!-- language -->
 | official           = [[Vietnamese language]]
 | spoken             = Vietnamese and many minority and mountain area languages
}}

[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the population of [[Vietnam]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Originating in northern Vietnam, the [[Vietnamese people]] pushed southward over two millennia to occupy the entire eastern seacoast of the [[Mainland Southeast Asia]]. Ethnic Vietnamese, or Viet (known officially as Kinh), live in the lowlands and speak the [[Vietnamese language]], as opposed to the many ethnic groups of Vietnam who are known to occupy the mountainous regions. The Kinh group does represent much of the cultural and political landscape of Vietnam.

Vietnam's population may be expected to approach to 100 million by the end of 2023, making it the 15th largest country by population in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Population approaching 100 million comes with possibilities, challenges |url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vietnamese-population-hits-100-million-this-year-a-bittersweet-story-2145848.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=VietNamNet News |language=vietnamese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=Viet Nam's population to reach 100 million in 2023 – A significant milestone |url=https://vietnam.unfpa.org/en/news/information-for-media-viet-nams-population-reach-100-million-2023 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=UNFPA Vietnam |language=en}}</ref> It is predicted that by 2035, Vietnam will become an aged society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam: Adapting to An Aging Society |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam/publication/vietnam-adapting-to-an-aging-society |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tran |first=Kamille |title=Vietnam's speedy transition to being an aged society opens new doors for investors |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/international/asean/vietnams-speedy-transition-being-aged-society-opens-new-doors-investors |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=www.businesstimes.com.sg|date=20 September 2023 }}</ref>

==Population size and structure==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Census population
|percentages =pagr
|type        = Vietnam
|align       = right
|footnote    = Source: UN / Central Statistics Office
|1950 |28264000
|1960 |35173000
|1970 |44928000
|1980 |54023000
|1989 |64411713
|1999 |76323173
|2009 |85846997
|2019 |96208984
}}

=== Historic estimates ===
[[File:Historical population of Vietnam.svg|thumb|355px|Historical population of Vietnam]]
{| class="wikitable"
!<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Our World in Data}}</ref>
!Total population (1,000's)
|-
|0
|ca. 800
|-
|500
|ca. 550
|-
|1000
|ca. 800
|-
|1500
|2 000
|-
|1700
|3 000
|-
|1850
|6 110
|-
|1900
|11 700
|-
|1930
|17 500
|}

{| class="wikitable"
!<ref>{{cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Victor B.|author-link=Victor Lieberman|title=Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland|year=2003|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-80496-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-01JisWpJbEC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Mokyr|first=Joel|author-link=Joel Mokyr|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History|year=2003|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780195170900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssNMAgAAQBAJ}}</ref>
!Total population (Excluding Champa and Khmer polities)
|-
|1000
|ca. 1.2 million
|-
|1100
|ca. 1.5 million
|-
|1200
|ca. 2 million
|-
|1300
|ca. 2.4 million
|-
|1400
|1.8 million
|-
|1500
|4.4 million
|-
|1600
|5 million
|-
|1700 
|6.3 million
|-
|1800 
|7.5 million
|}


===UN estimates===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2| Year<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>
!rowspan=2| Total population<br>(000's)
!colspan=3| Population in age bracket
|-
! aged 0–14
! aged 15–64
! aged 65+
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 28 000
| {{percentage bar|31.9}}
| {{percentage bar|63.9}}
| {{percentage bar|4.2}}
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 31 329
| {{percentage bar|35.6}}
| {{percentage bar|60.1}}
| {{percentage bar|4.3}}
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 35 173
| {{percentage bar|40.1}}
| {{percentage bar|55.5}}
| {{percentage bar|4.4}}
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 39 885
| {{percentage bar|44.1}}
| {{percentage bar|51.3}}
| {{percentage bar|4.6}}
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 44 928
| {{percentage bar|44.2}}
| {{percentage bar|50.9}}
| {{percentage bar|4.8}}
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 49 896
| {{percentage bar|42.9}}
| {{percentage bar|52.3}}
| {{percentage bar|4.8}}
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 54 023
| {{percentage bar|40.7}}
| {{percentage bar|54.3}}
| {{percentage bar|4.9}}
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 60 307
| {{percentage bar|39.4}}
| {{percentage bar|55.7}}
| {{percentage bar|4.9}}
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 67 102
| {{percentage bar|38.0}}
| {{percentage bar|57.0}}
| {{percentage bar|5.0}}
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 74 008
| {{percentage bar|36.5}}
| {{percentage bar|58.4}}
| {{percentage bar|5.1}}
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 79 910
| {{percentage bar|31.6}}
| {{percentage bar|62.0}}
| {{percentage bar|6.4}}
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 83 833
| {{percentage bar|27.1}}
| {{percentage bar|66.4}}
| {{percentage bar|6.5}}
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 87 968
| {{percentage bar|23.6}}
| {{percentage bar|69.9}}
| {{percentage bar|6.5}}
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 92 677
| {{percentage bar|23.0}}
| {{percentage bar|70.3}}
| {{percentage bar|6.7}}
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 97 339
| {{percentage bar|23.2}}
| {{percentage bar|68.9}}
| {{percentage bar|7.9}}
|}

===Population by age groups===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Census 01/04/2009):
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}	

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 42 413 143
| align="right" | 43 433 854
| align="right" | 85 846 997
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 662 889
| align="right" | 3 371 255
| align="right" | 7 034 144
| align="right" | 7.97
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 458 159
| align="right" | 3 252 578
| align="right" | 6 710 737
| align="right" | 7.82
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 725 369
| align="right" | 3 523 009
| align="right" | 7 248 378
| align="right" | 8.44
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 4 577 914
| align="right" | 4 385 988
| align="right" | 8 963 902
| align="right" | 10.44
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 4 253 618
| align="right" | 4 179 249
| align="right" | 8 432 867
| align="right" | 9.82
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 904 730
| align="right" | 3 885 273
| align="right" | 7 790 003
| align="right" | 9.07
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 462 905
| align="right" | 3 405 253
| align="right" | 6 868 158
| align="right" | 8.00
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 298 266
| align="right" | 3 233 341
| align="right" | 6 531 607
| align="right" | 7.61
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 2 967 934
| align="right" | 2 998 922
| align="right" | 5 966 856
| align="right" | 6.95
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 642 466
| align="right" | 2 808 462
| align="right" | 5 450 928
| align="right" | 6.35
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 082 098
| align="right" | 2 329 953
| align="right" | 4 412 051
| align="right" | 5.14
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 364 319
| align="right" | 1 620 300
| align="right" | 2 984 619
| align="right" | 3.48
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 861 897
| align="right" | 1 076 051
| align="right" | 1 937 948
| align="right" | 2.26
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 653 287
| align="right" | 901 391
| align="right" | 1 554 678
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 568 312
| align="right" | 844 226
| align="right" | 1 412 538
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 480 088
| align="right" | 718 805
| align="right" | 1 198 893
| align="right" | 1.40
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 264 997
| align="right" | 460 988
| align="right" | 725 985
| align="right" | 0.85
|-
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 183 895
| align="right" | 438 810
| align="right" | 622 705
| align="right" | 0.73
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 10 846 417
| align="right" | 10 146 842
| align="right" | 20 993 259
| align="right" | 24.45
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 29 416 147
| align="right" | 29 922 792
| align="right" | 59 338 939
| align="right" | 69.12
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 150 579
| align="right" | 3 364 220
| align="right" | 5 514 799
| align="right" | 6.42
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Census 01/07/2014):
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}	

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 44 758 132
| align="right" | 45 970 809
| align="right" | 90 728 941
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 806 055
| align="right" | 3 423 520
| align="right" | 7 229 575
| align="right" | 7.97
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 730 617
| align="right" | 3 431 843
| align="right" | 7 162 460
| align="right" | 7.89
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 555 440
| align="right" | 3 344 659
| align="right" | 6 900 099
| align="right" | 7.61
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 580 322
| align="right" | 3 413 183
| align="right" | 6 993 505
| align="right" | 7.71
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 4 058 691
| align="right" | 3 959 579
| align="right" | 8 018 270
| align="right" | 8.84
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 951 220
| align="right" | 3 888 697
| align="right" | 7 839 917
| align="right" | 8.64
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 689 395
| align="right" | 3 769 601
| align="right" | 7 458 996
| align="right" | 8.22
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 390 462
| align="right" | 3 439 787
| align="right" | 6 830 249
| align="right" | 7.53
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 292 933
| align="right" | 3 295 012
| align="right" | 6 587 945
| align="right" | 7.26
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 980 442
| align="right" | 3 068 389
| align="right" | 6 048 831
| align="right" | 6.67
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 699 165
| align="right" | 2 971 459
| align="right" | 5 670 624
| align="right" | 6.25
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 096 032
| align="right" | 2 405 568
| align="right" | 4 501 600
| align="right" | 4.96
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 376 861
| align="right" | 1 671 621
| align="right" | 3 048 482
| align="right" | 3.36
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 832 090
| align="right" | 1 084 870
| align="right" | 1 916 960
| align="right" | 2.11
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 600 732
| align="right" | 862 104
| align="right" | 1 462 836
| align="right" | 1.61
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 477 293
| align="right" | 757 242
| align="right" | 1 234 535
| align="right" | 1.36
|-
| align="right" | 80+
| align="right" | 640 382
| align="right" | 1 183 675
| align="right" | 1 824 057
| align="right" | 2.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 11 092 112
| align="right" | 10 200 022
| align="right" | 21 292 134
| align="right" | 23.47
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 31 115 523
| align="right" | 31 882 896
| align="right" | 62 998 419
| align="right" | 69.44
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 550 497
| align="right" | 3 887 891
| align="right" | 6 438 388
| align="right" | 7.10
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Census 01/04/2019):
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}	

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 47 881 061
| align="right" | 48 327 923
| align="right" | 96 208 984
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 4 100 479
| align="right" | 3 718 847
| align="right" | 7 819 326
| align="right" | 8.13
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 4 354 887
| align="right" | 3 977 832
| align="right" | 8 332 719
| align="right" | 8.66
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 737 030
| align="right" | 3 482 807
| align="right" | 7 219 837
| align="right" | 7.50
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 352 386
| align="right" | 3 153 831
| align="right" | 6 506 217
| align="right" | 6.76
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 417 149
| align="right" | 3 258 554
| align="right" | 6 675 703
| align="right" | 6.94
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 4 301 210
| align="right" | 4 146 767
| align="right" | 8 447 977
| align="right" | 8.78
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 4 276 404
| align="right" | 4 117 406
| align="right" | 8 393 810
| align="right" | 8.72
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 891 950
| align="right" | 3 800 436
| align="right" | 7 692 386
| align="right" | 8.00
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 366 147
| align="right" | 3 317 972
| align="right" | 6 684 119
| align="right" | 6.95
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 3 132 172
| align="right" | 3 125 299
| align="right" | 6 257 471
| align="right" | 6.50
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 772 157
| align="right" | 2 889 853
| align="right" | 5 662 010
| align="right" | 5.89
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 402 096
| align="right" | 2 706 628
| align="right" | 5 108 724
| align="right" | 5.31
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 810 497
| align="right" | 2 181 537
| align="right" | 3 992 034
| align="right" | 4.15
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 167 214
| align="right" | 1 518 057
| align="right" | 2 685 271
| align="right" | 2.79
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 687 339
| align="right" | 953 511
| align="right" | 1 640 850
| align="right" | 1.71
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 453 972
| align="right" | 717 839
| align="right" | 1 171 811
| align="right" | 1.22
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 327 330
| align="right" | 580 402
| align="right" | 907 732
| align="right" | 0.94
|-
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 330 642
| align="right" | 680 345
| align="right" | 1 010 987
| align="right" | 1.05
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 12 192 396
| align="right" | 11 179 486
| align="right" | 23 371 882
| align="right" | 24.29
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 32 722 168
| align="right" | 32 698 283
| align="right" | 65 420 451
| align="right" | 68.00
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 966 497
| align="right" | 4 350 211
| align="right" | 7 416 651
| align="right" | 7.71
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

Source: UN Statistics Division.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=UN Data |publisher=United Nations |access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref>

===Sex ratio===
: Total: 0.995 male(s)/female
: At birth: 1.116 male(s)/female
: Under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
: 15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female
: 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.<ref name=p103/><ref name=p99/>

==Vital statistics==

===UN estimates of births and deaths===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80" |Period<ref name="WPP 2010"/>
! width="80" |Live births per year
! width="80" |Deaths per year
! width="80" |Natural change per year
! width="80" |CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80" |CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80" |NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80" |TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80" |IMR<sup>1</sup>
|-
| 1950–1955
| align="right" | 1 335 000
| align="right" |  722 000
| align="right" |  613 000
| align="right" | 44.8
| align="right" | 24.2
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" | 6.20
| align="right" | 157.9
|-
| 1955–1960
| align="right" | 1 533 000
| align="right" |  764 000
| align="right" |  769 000
| align="right" | 46.1
| align="right" | 23.0
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 6.76
| align="right" | 143.7
|-
| 1960–1965
| align="right" | 1 732 000
| align="right" |  790 000
| align="right" |  942 000
| align="right" | 46.2
| align="right" | 21.0
| align="right" | 25.2
| align="right" | 7.33
| align="right" | 130.3
|-
| 1965–1970
| align="right" | 1 798 000
| align="right" |  790 000
| align="right" | 1 009 000
| align="right" | 42.4
| align="right" | 18.6
| align="right" | 23.8
| align="right" | 7.38
| align="right" | 117.8
|-
| 1970–1975
| align="right" | 1 853 000
| align="right" |  859 000
| align="right" |  994 000
| align="right" | 39.1
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 21.0
| align="right" | 7.15
| align="right" | 118.4
|-
| 1975–1980
| align="right" | 1 797 000
| align="right" |  760 000
| align="right" | 1 036 000
| align="right" | 34.6
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 20.0
| align="right" | 5.89
| align="right" | 97.6
|-
| 1980–1985
| align="right" | 1 952 000
| align="right" |  630 000
| align="right" | 1 322 000
| align="right" | 34.1
| align="right" | 11.0
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 4.93
| align="right" | 70.0
|-
| 1985–1990
| align="right" | 2 000 000
| align="right" |  574 000
| align="right" | 1 425 000
| align="right" | 31.4
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 3.96
| align="right" | 54.8
|-
| 1990–1995
| align="right" | 1 929 000
| align="right" |  484 000
| align="right" | 1 444 000
| align="right" | 27.3
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 20.4
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 37.9
|-
| 1995–2000
| align="right" | 1 448 000
| align="right" |  441 000
| align="right" | 1 007 000
| align="right" | 19.0
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 29.2
|-
| 2000–2005
| align="right" | 1 392 000
| align="right" |  425 000
| align="right" |  967 000
| align="right" | 16.9
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 23.1
|-
| 2005–2010
| align="right" | 1 472 000
| align="right" |  448 000
| align="right" | 1 024 000
| align="right" | 17.3
| align="right" | 5.6
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 20.4
|-
| 2010–2015
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 
|-
| 2015–2020
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 
|-
| 2020–2025
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 
|-
| 2025–2030
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" |
|- 
| 2030–2035
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 12.1
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 5.4
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" |
|- 
| 2035–2040
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 4.4
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" |
|- 
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
|}

===Registered births and deaths===
The [[total fertility rate]] of [[Vietnam]] has been influenced by the government's family planning policy, the [[two-child policy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/international/40017686 |title=Decades of population control work paying off for Vietnam |date=13 July 2022 |publisher=Asia News Network |accessdate=11 April 2023}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right; vertical-align:middle"
|- style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center"
! 
! width="100" |Average population
! width="100" |Live births
! width="100" |Deaths
! width="100" |Natural change
! width="100" |Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="100" |Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="100" |Natural change (per 1000)
! width="100" |Total fertility rate<br />(children per woman)
|-
| 1990
| 66,016,700
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1991
| 67,242,400
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1992
| 68,450,100
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1993
| 69,644,500
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1994
| 70,824,500
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1995
| 71,995,500
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1996
| 73,156,700
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1997
| 74,306,900
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1998
| 75,456,300
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 1999
| 76,596,700
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 2000
| 77,630,900
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| 2001
| 78,620,500
| 1,462,300
| 401,000
| 1,061,300
| 18.6
| 5.1
| 13.5
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.25
|-
| 2002
| 79,537,700
| 1,511,200
| 461,300
| 1,049,900
| 19.0
| 5.8
| 13.2
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.28
|-
| 2003
| 80,467,400
| 1,408,200
| 466,700
| 941,500
| 17.5
| 5.8
| 11.7
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.12
|-
| 2004
| 81,436,400
| 1,563,600
| 439,800
| 1,123,800
| 19.2
| 5.4
| 13.8
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.23
|-
| 2005
| 82,392,100
| 1,532,500
| 436,700
| 1,095,800
| 18.6
| 5.3
| 13.3
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.11
|-
| 2006
| 83,311,200
| 1,449,600
| 441,500
| 1,008,100
| 17.4
| 5.3
| 12.1
| 2.09
|-
| 2007
| 84,218,500
| 1,423,300
| 446,400
| 976,900
| 16.9
| 5.3
| 11.6
| 2.07
|-
| 2008
| 85,118,700
| 1,421,500
| 451,100
| 970,400
| 16.7
| 5.3
| 11.4
| 2.08
|-
| 2009
| 86,025,000
| 1,514,000
| 585,000
| 929,000
| 17.6
| 6.8
| 10.8
| 2.03
|-
| 2010
| 86,947,400
| 1,486,800
| 591,200
| 895,600
| 17.1
| 6.8
| 10.3
| 2.00
|-
| 2011
| 87,860,400
| 1,458,500
| 606,200
| 852,300
| 16.6
| 6.9
| 9.7
| 1.99
|-
| 2012
| 88,809,300
| 1,500,900
| 621,700
| 879,200
| 16.9
| 7.0
| 9.9
| 2.05
|-
| 2013
| 89,759,500
| 1,525,900
| 637,300
| 888,600
| 17.0
| 7.1
| 9.9
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.10
|-
| 2014
| 90,728,900
| 1,560,500
| 626,000
| 934,500
| 17.2
| 6.9
| 10.3
| 2.09
|-
| 2015
| 91,709,800
| 1,485,700
| 623,600
| 862,100
| 16.2
| 6.8
| 9.4
| style="color:#00F;" | 2.10
|-
| 2016
| 92,692,200
| 1,483,100
| 630,300
| 852,800
| 16.0
| 6.8
| 9.2
| 2.09
|-
| 2017
| 93,671,600
| 1,395,700
| 637,000
| 758,700
| 14.9
| 6.8
| 8.1
| 2.04
|-
| 2018
| 94,666,000
| 1,382,100
| 643,700
| 738,400
| 14.6
| 6.8
| 7.8
| 2.05
|-
| 2019
| 96,484,000
| 1,572,700
| 607,800
| 964,900
| 16.3
| 6.3
| 10.0
| 2.09
|-
| 2020
| 97,582,690
| 1,590,600
| 591,400
| 999,200
| 16.3
| 6.1
| 10.2
|style="color:blue;" | 2.12
|-
| 2021
| 98,506,190
| 1,550,500
| 628,700
| 922,000
| 15.7
| 6.4
| 9.3
|style="color:blue;" | 2.11
|-
| 2022
| 99,461,700
| 1,511,800
| 606,700
| 905,100
| 15.2
| 6.1
| 9.1
| 2.01
|-
| 2023
| 100,309,200
| 1,424,400
| 571,800
| 852,600
| 14.2
| 5.7
| 8.5
| 1.96
|-
| 2024
| 101,300,000
| style="color:red;" | 1,367,600
| 567,300
| 800,300
| style="color:red;" | 13.5
| 5.6
| 7.9
| style="color:red;" | 1.91
|}

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.<ref>[https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2024/02/socio-economic-situation-in-the-fourth-quarter-and-2023/ Socio-economic situation in the fourth quarter and 2023]</ref><ref>[https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/data-and-statistics/2023/01/socio-economic-situation-in-the-fourth-quarter-and-2022/ Socio-economic situation in the fourth quarter and 2022]</ref><ref>[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3 General Statistics Office of Vietnam: Population and employment]</ref>
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x =2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 78.6,79.5,80.5,81.4,82.4,83.3,84.2,85.1,86,86.9,87.9,88.8,89.8,90.7,91.7,92.7,93.7,94.7,96.5,97.6,98.5

| y1Title=Population (million)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x =2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 13.5,13.2,11.7,13.8,13.3,12.1,11.6,11.4,10.8,10.3,9.7,9.9,9.9,10.3,9.4,9.2,8.1,7.8,10.0,10.2, 9.36

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 2.25,2.28,2.12,2.23,2.11,2.09,2.07,2.08,2.03,2.00,1.99,2.05,2.10,2.09,2.10,2.09,2.04,2.05,2.09,2.05,2.11

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}

===Fertility rate by region and province===
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
! Province !! 2005 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021
|-
| Vietnam 
| 2.11 || 2.07 || 2.08 || 2.03 || 2.00 || 1.99 || 2.05 || 2.10 || 2.09 || 2.10 || 2.09 || 2.04 || 2.05 || 2.09  || 2.12 || 2.11
|-
| '''Red River Delta''' 
| 2.06 || 2.11 || 2.13 || 2.11 || 2.04 || 2.06 || 2.11 || 2.11 || 2.30 || 2.23 || 2.23 || 2.16 || 2.29 || 2.35  || 2.34 || 2.37
|-
|[[Hà Nội]]
| 1.83 || 1.91 || 2.06 || 2.08 || 2.00 || 2.02 || 2.06 || 2.03 || 2.18 || 2.04 || 2.06 || 2.00 || 2.07 || 2.24  || 2.25 || 2.18
|-
|[[Hà Tây province|Hà Tây]]
| 2.29 || 2.23 || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || .. || ..  || .. || ..
|-
|[[Vĩnh Phúc province|Vĩnh Phúc]]
| 2.15 || 2.00 || 2.10 || 2.13 || 2.06 || 2.02 || 2.07 || 2.11 || 2.44 || 2.25 || 2.48 || 2.34 || 2.48 || 2.39  || 2.39 || 2.37
|-
|[[Bắc Ninh province|Bắc Ninh]]
| 2.40 || 2.28 || 2.29 || 2.32 || 2.26 || 2.23 || 2.71 || 2.29 || 2.72 || 2.72 || 2.63 || 2.67 || 2.66 || 2.53  || 2.49 || 2.60
|-
|[[Quảng Ninh province|Quảng Ninh]]
| 2.24 || 2.12 || 2.12 || 2.20 || 1.99 || 2.07 || 2.27 || 2.18 || 2.49 || 2.20 || 2.02 || 2.25 || 2.22 || 2.24  || 2.22 || 2.14
|-
|[[Hải Dương province|Hải Dương]]
| 2.10 || 2.04 || 2.13 || 1.99 || 1.98 || 2.01 || 2.07 || 1.99 || 2.06 || 2.00 || 2.30 || 1.95 || 2.59 || 2.48  || 2.57 || 2.44
|-
|[[Haiphong|Hải Phòng]]
| 2.13 || 1.86 || 1.95 || 2.16 || 1.98 || 2.00 || 2.37 || 2.03 || 2.35 || 2.02 || 2.11 || 1.99 || 1.92 || 2.20  || 2.05 || 2.35
|-
|[[Hưng Yên province|Hưng Yên]]
| 2.32 || 2.08 || 2.25 || 2.11 || 2.13 || 2.19 || 2.10 || 2.46 || 2.29 || 2.40 || 2.37 || 2.10 || 2.39 || 2.40  || 2.40 || 2.43
|-
|[[Thái Bình province|Thái Bình]]
| 2.19 || 2.21 || 2.14 || 2.08 || 2.10 || 2.15 || 1.78 || 2.07 || 1.87 || 2.39 || 2.25 || 2.21 || 2.51 || 2.43  || 2.42 || 2.58
|-
|[[Hà Nam province|Hà Nam]]
| 2.30 || 2.18 || 2.12 || 2.07 || 2.09 || 2.16 || 1.83 || 1.87 || 1.99 || 2.22 || 2.11 || 1.97 || 2.39 || 2.44  || 2.36 || 2.35
|-
|[[Nam Định province|Nam Định]]
| 2.31 || 2.39 || 2.19 || 2.25 || 2.20 || 2.24 || 1.76 || 2.32 || 2.73 || 2.81 || 2.46 || 2.58 || 2.82 || 2.74  || 2.71 || 2.75
|-
|[[Ninh Bình province|Ninh Bình]]
| 2.37 || 2.26 || 2.36 || 2.04 || 1.88 || 1.86 || 2.66 || 2.28 || 2.87 || 2.76 || 2.94 || 2.39 || 2.53 || 2.46  || 2.42 || 2.41
|-
| '''Northern midlands and mountain areas''' 
| 2.33 || 2.23 || 2.30 || 2.24 || 2.22 || 2.21 || 2.31 || 2.18 || 2.56 || 2.69 || 2.63 || 2.53 || 2.48 || 2.43  || 2.41 || 2.43
|-
|[[Hà Giang province|Hà Giang]]
| 3.06 || 2.89 || 2.86 || 3.08 || 3.05 || 2.57 || 2.78 || 2.70 || 2.51 || 2.93 || 2.42 || 2.49 || 2.74 || 2.47  || 2.57 || 2.62
|-
|[[Cao Bằng province|Cao Bằng]]
| 2.55 || 2.28 || 2.26 || 2.18 || 2.09 || 2.15 || 2.13 || 2.05 || 2.53 || 2.52 || 2.46 || 2.34 || 2.48 || 2.43  || 2.42 || 2.40
|-
|[[Bắc Kạn province|Bắc Kạn]]
| 2.29 || 2.12 || 2.07 || 1.84 || 1.85 || 1.91 || 2.30 || 2.11 || 2.07 || 2.42 || 2.40 || 2.37 || 2.23 || 2.14  || 2.14 || 2.22
|-
|[[Tuyên Quang province|Tuyên Quang]]
| 2.17 || 2.05 || 2.05 || 2.10 || 2.07 || 2.10 || 2.18 || 2.35 || 2.73 || 2.74 || 2.72 || 2.68 || 2.62 || 2.51  || 2.50 || 2.42
|-
|[[Lào Cai province|Lào Cai]]
| 2.97 || 2.59 || 2.69 || 2.70 || 2.73 || 2.57 || 2.43 || 2.52 || 2.36 || 2.26 || 2.73 || 2.24 || 2.43 || 2.44  || 2.43 || 2.40
|-
|[[Yên Bái province|Yên Bái]]
| 2.55 || 2.36 || 2.56 || 2.38 || 2.32 || 2.26 || 2.38 || 2.13 || 2.77 || 2.76 || 2.89 || 2.77 || 2.96 || 2.74  || 2.64 || 2.77
|-
|[[Thái Nguyên province|Thái Nguyên]]
| 1.99 || 1.99 || 1.95 || 1.89 || 1.90 || 1.96 || 2.13 || 2.06 || 2.45 || 2.52 || 2.45 || 2.09 || 2.05 || 2.14  || 2.16 || 2.12
|-
|[[Lạng Sơn province|Lạng Sơn]]
| 2.28 || 2.14 || 2.15 || 1.86 || 1.84 || 1.88 || 2.11 || 1.86 || 2.26 || 2.38 || 2.34 || 2.25 || 2.22 || 2.13  || 2.19 || 2.32
|-
|[[Bắc Giang province|Bắc Giang]]
| 2.21 || 2.07 || 2.22 || 1.94 || 1.86 || 1.94 || 2.09 || 1.77 || 2.57 || 2.77 || 2.64 || 2.73 || 2.38 || 2.31  || 2.30 || 2.32
|-
|[[Phú Thọ province|Phú Thọ]]
| 2.03 || 1.99 || 2.11 || 2.10 || 2.08 || 2.22 || 2.18 || 2.22 || 2.51 || 2.61 || 2.56 || 2.51 || 2.66 || 2.57  || 2.53 || 2.42
|-
|[[Điện Biên province|Điện Biên]]
| 3.17 || 2.72 || 2.72 || 2.55 || 2.57 || 2.67 || 2.76 || 2.48 || 3.11 || 2.81 || 2.43 || 2.84 || 2.78 || 2.72  || 2.66 || 2.70
|-
|[[Lai Châu province|Lai Châu]]
| 3.52 || 3.02 || 3.01 || 2.96 || 2.91 || 2.93 || 2.60 || 2.45 || 3.20 || 3.11 || 2.91 || 2.86 || 2.60 || 2.68  || 2.63 || 2.77
|-
|[[Sơn La province|Sơn La]]
| 2.76 || 2.36 || 2.29 || 2.61 || 2.58 || 2.43 || 2.52 || 2.25 || 2.57 || 2.82 || 2.90 || 2.77 || 2.36 || 2.44  || 2.36 || 2.36
|-
|[[Hòa Bình province|Hòa Bình]]
| 2.09 || 2.06 || 2.01 || 1.98 || 1.98 || 2.03 || 2.08 || 1.90 || 2.30 || 2.84 || 2.56 || 2.30 || 2.42 || 2.34  || 2.29 || 2.19
|-
| '''North Central and Central coastal areas'''   
| 2.37 || 2.27 || 2.30 || 2.21 || 2.21 || 2.21 || 2.32 || 2.37 || 2.31 || 2.34 || 2.37 || 2.31 || 2.30 || 2.32  || 2.31 || 2.32
|-
|[[Thanh Hóa province|Thanh Hóa]]
| 2.39 || 2.12 || 2.17 || 1.89 || 1.89 || 2.01 || 2.22 || 2.11 || 2.43 || 2.75 || 2.70 || 2.45 || 2.69 || 2.54  || 2.51 || 2.22
|-
|[[Nghệ An province|Nghệ An]]
| 2.75 || 2.49 || 2.52 || 2.55 || 2.56 || 2.49 || 2.59 || 2.68 || 2.70 || 2.69 || 2.76 || 2.87 || 2.82 || 2.75  || 2.68 || 2.63
|-
|[[Hà Tĩnh province|Hà Tĩnh]]
| 2.38 || 2.46 || 2.65 || 2.46 || 2.46 || 2.50 || 2.75 || 2.95 || 3.12 || 2.65 || 3.21 || 3.24 || 2.90 || 2.83  || 2.73 || 2.95
|-
|[[Quảng Bình province|Quảng Bình]]
| 2.58 || 2.57 || 2.57 || 2.37 || 2.39 || 2.41 || 2.61 || 2.22 || 2.49 || 2.52 || 2.38 || 2.34 || 2.41 || 2.43  || 2.40 || 2.52
|-
|[[Quảng Trị province|Quảng Trị]]
| 2.90 || 2.77 || 2.71 || 2.85 || 2.84 || 2.67 || 2.65 || 2.75 || 2.75 || 2.94 || 3.19 || 2.83 || 2.61 || 2.45  || 2.44 || 2.46
|-
|[[Thừa Thiên-Huế province|Thừa Thiên–Huế]]
| 2.98 || 2.79 || 2.54 || 2.26 || 2.28 || 2.22 || 2.38 || 2.21 || 2.33 || 2.26 || 2.20 || 2.33 || 2.03 || 2.34  || 2.29 || 2.25
|-
|[[Da Nang|Đà Nẵng]]
| 1.87 || 1.90 || 1.92 || 2.14 || 2.16 || 1.99 || 2.18 || 2.32 || 2.03 || 2.13 || 2.24 || 1.81 || 1.49 || 1.88  || 2.09 || 2.02
|-
|[[Quảng Nam province|Quảng Nam]]
| 2.40 || 2.32 || 2.12 || 2.30 || 2.27 || 2.16 || 2.35 || 2.65 || 2.27 || 2.17 || 2.16 || 2.26 || 2.28 || 2.27  || 2.23 || 2.25
|-
|[[Quảng Ngãi province|Quảng Ngãi]]
| 2.21 || 2.11 || 2.18 || 2.09 || 2.11 || 2.21 || 2.13 || 2.45 || 2.01 || 1.93 || 1.98 || 1.79 || 2.06 || 2.13  || 2.11 || 2.14
|-
|[[Bình Định province|Bình Định]]
| 2.25 || 2.17 || 2.09 || 2.22 || 2.17 || 2.28 || 2.26 || 2.55 || 2.29 || 2.14 || 2.00 || 2.09 || 2.30 || 2.20  || 2.24 || 2.22
|-
|[[Phú Yên province|Phú Yên]]
| 2.25 || 2.18 || 2.32 || 1.96 || 1.98 || 2.11 || 2.07 || 2.04 || 2.15 || 2.05 || 2.26 || 2.04 || 2.16 || 2.11  || 2.09 || 2.07
|-
|[[Khánh Hòa province|Khánh Hòa]]
| 2.12 || 2.14 || 2.18 || 2.04 || 2.06 || 1.93 || 2.04 || 2.04 || 1.65 || 1.75 || 1.75 || 1.64 || 1.40 || 1.77  || 1.81 || 1.82
|-
|[[Ninh Thuận province|Ninh Thuận]]
| 2.53 || 2.28 || 2.24 || 2.40 || 2.42 || 2.38 || 2.25 || 2.37 || 2.18 || 2.23 || 2.28 || 2.34 || 2.05 || 2.09  || 2.07 || 2.36
|-
|[[Bình Thuận province|Bình Thuận]]
| 2.38 || 2.40 || 2.38 || 2.07 || 2.09 || 2.14 || 2.39 || 2.15 || 1.57 || 2.04 || 1.81 || 1.75 || 1.82 || 1.91  || 1.96 || 2.06
|-
| '''Central Highlands''' 
| 3.07 || 2.77 || 2.68 || 2.65 || 2.63 || 2.58 || 2.43 || 2.49 || 2.30 || 2.26 || 2.37 || 2.29 || 2.32 || 2.43  || 2.41 || 2.36
|-
|[[Kon Tum province|Kon Tum]]
| 3.94 || 3.49 || 3.58 || 3.45 || 3.46 || 3.25 || 3.16 || 2.70 || 3.04 || 2.49 || 2.34 || 2.48 || 2.12 || 2.74  || 2.64 || 2.55
|-
|[[Gia Lai province|Gia Lai]]
| 3.10 || 2.97 || 2.86 || 2.88 || 2.90 || 2.85 || 2.36 || 2.48 || 2.27 || 2.45 || 2.38 || 2.36 || 2.27 || 2.49  || 2.47 || 2.44
|-
|[[Đắk Lắk province|Đắk Lắk]]
| 2.98 || 2.84 || 2.57 || 2.45 || 2.47 || 2.42 || 2.31 || 2.70 || 2.25 || 2.22 || 2.43 || 2.19 || 2.41 || 2.37  || 2.36 || 2.15
|-
|[[Đắk Nông province|Đắk Nông]]
| 3.38 || 3.05 || 2.87 || 2.72 || 2.68 || 2.57 || 2.65 || 2.31 || 2.46 || 2.36 || 2.28 || 2.21 || 3.05 || 2.68  || 2.61 || 2.68
|-
|[[Lâm Đồng province|Lâm Đồng]]
| 2.67 || 2.37 || 2.31 || 2.43 || 2.28 || 2.32 || 2.36 || 2.24 || 2.09 || 1.98 || 2.34 || 2.29 || 1.99 || 2.20  || 2.19 || 2.15
|-
| '''South East''' 
| 1.85 || 1.74 || 1.73 || 1.69 || 1.68 || 1.59 || 1.57 || 1.83 || 1.56 || 1.63 || 1.46 || 1.55 || 1.50 || 1.56  || 1.62 || 1.61
|-
|[[Bình Phước province|Bình Phước]]
| 2.61 || 2.47 || 2.38 || 2.45 || 2.43 || 2.31 || 2.22 || 2.43 || 2.30 || 2.05 || 1.92 || 2.02 || 1.99 || 2.27  || 2.25 || 2.21
|-
|[[Tây Ninh province|Tây Ninh]]
| 1.98 || 1.89 || 1.79 || 1.79 || 1.77 || 1.80 || 1.93 || 1.78 || 1.76 || 1.88 || 1.76 || 1.66 || 1.46 || 1.53  || 1.67 || 1.65
|-
|[[Bình Dương province|Bình Dương]]
| 1.66 || 1.74 || 1.85 || 1.70 || 1.72 || 1.76 || 1.70 || 1.78 || 1.44 || 1.59 || 1.61 || 1.90 || 1.53 || 1.54  || 1.63 || 1.62
|-
|[[Đồng Nai province|Đồng Nai]]
| 1.92 || 1.91 || 1.83 || 2.07 || 2.09 || 1.99 || 1.80 || 2.09 || 1.75 || 2.02 || 1.67 || 1.61 || 1.80 || 1.90  || 1.97 || 1.86
|-
|[[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province|Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu]]
| 2.06 || 2.09 || 2.13 || 2.01 || 1.88 || 1.82 || 1.70 || 1.92 || 1.97 || 1.56 || 1.52 || 1.37 || 1.51 || 1.87  || 1.94 || 1.78
|-
|[[TP. Hồ Chí Minh]]
| 1.52 || 1.49 || 1.63 || 1.45 || 1.45 || 1.30 || 1.33 || 1.68 || 1.39 || 1.45 || 1.24 || 1.36 || 1.33 || 1.39  || 1.53 || 1.48
|-
| '''Mekong River Delta''' 
| 2.00 || 1.87 || 1.87 || 1.84 || 1.80 || 1.80 || 1.92 || 1.92 || 1.84 || 1.76 || 1.84 || 1.74 || 1.74 || 1.80  || 1.82 || 1.82
|-
|[[Long An province|Long An]]
| 1.95 || 1.91 || 1.95 || 1.85 || 1.87 || 1.83 || 2.02 || 2.03 || 1.66 || 1.61 || 1.56 || 1.62 || 1.83 || 1.80  || 1.82 || 1.77
|-
|[[Tiền Giang province|Tiền Giang]]
| 2.02 || 1.98 || 1.97 || 1.94 || 1.93 || 1.92 || 1.79 || 1.78 || 1.75 || 1.62 || 2.00 || 1.99 || 1.68 || 1.82  || 1.85 || 1.83
|-
|[[Bến Tre province|Bến Tre]]
| 1.76 || 1.70 || 1.71 || 1.81 || 1.79 || 1.71 || 2.20 || 1.98 || 1.89 || 1.97 || 1.90 || 1.88 || 1.88 || 1.86  || 1.87 || 1.64
|-
|[[Trà Vinh province|Trà Vinh]]
| 2.03 || 1.89 || 1.79 || 1.86 || 1.80 || 1.80 || 2.06 || 1.89 || 1.94 || 2.04 || 2.36 || 2.25 || 1.94 || 1.96  || 2.00 || 1.99
|-
|[[Vĩnh Long province|Vĩnh Long]]
| 1.83 || 1.76 || 1.75 || 1.63 || 1.65 || 1.63 || 2.14 || 2.02 || 1.98 || 1.61 || 2.03 || 1.67 || 1.83 || 1.81  || 1.82 || 1.81
|-
|[[Đồng Tháp province|Đồng Tháp]]
| 1.98 || 1.77 || 1.74 || 1.87 || 1.89 || 1.83 || 1.57 || 1.89 || 1.84 || 1.61 || 1.59 || 1.34 || 1.43 || 1.78  || 1.87 || 1.85
|-
|[[An Giang province|An Giang]]
| 2.00 || 1.86 || 1.86 || 1.97 || 1.97 || 1.92 || 2.17 || 2.07 || 2.10 || 1.73 || 1.84 || 1.77 || 1.78 || 1.85  || 1.90 || 1.94
|-
|[[Kiên Giang province|Kiên Giang]]
| 2.22 || 2.10 || 2.09 || 1.84 || 1.80 || 1.86 || 2.16 || 1.98 || 1.96 || 2.05 || 1.94 || 1.87 || 1.96 || 1.85  || 1.98 || 1.91
|-
|[[Cần Thơ]]
| 1.70 || 1.64 || 1.75 || 1.72 || 1.62 || 1.62 || 1.58 || 1.81 || 1.89 || 1.88 || 2.01 || 1.64 || 1.66 || 1.66  || 1.74 || 1.68
|-
|[[Hậu Giang province|Hậu Giang]]
| 1.95 || 1.94 || 1.89 || 1.96 || 1.75 || 1.77 || 1.78 || 1.78 || 1.61 || 1.64 || 1.48 || 1.53 || 1.64 || 1.83  || 1.84 || 1.83
|-
|[[Sóc Trăng province|Sóc Trăng]]
| 2.02 || 1.90 || 2.06 || 1.79 || 1.81 || 1.83 || 1.85 || 2.08 || 1.65 || 1.72 || 1.83 || 1.69 || 1.75 || 1.79  || 1.80 || 1.78
|-
|[[Bạc Liêu province|Bạc Liêu]]
| 2.11 || 2.10 || 2.00 || 1.75 || 1.59 || 1.69 || 1.97 || 1.82 || 1.82 || 1.67 || 1.63 || 1.77 || 1.54 || 1.61  || 1.66 || 1.56
|-
|[[Cà Mau province|Cà Mau]]
| 2.10 || 2.00 || 2.01 || 1.75 || 1.64 || 1.73 || 1.62 || 1.70 || 1.65 || 1.80 || 1.85 || 1.65 || 1.75 || 1.80  || 1.85 || 1.86
|}

Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam.<ref>[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=12909 Total fertility rate by province]</ref>

=== Life expectancy ===
[[File:Life expectancy in Vietnam.svg|thumb|[[Life expectancy]] in Vietnam since 1950]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Vietnam -diff.png|thumb|[[Life expectancy]] in Vietnam since 1960 by gender]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1955–1960
|57.3
|1990–1995
|71.2
|-
|1960–1965
|60.5
|1995–2000
|72.7
|-
|1965–1970
|62.3
|2000–2005
|73.8
|-
|1970–1975
|57.8
|2005–2010
|74.7
|-
|1975–1980
|66.1
|2010–2015
|75.6
|-
|1980–1985
|68.1
|
|
|}
Source: UN World Population Prospects.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>

== Ethnic groups ==
{{See also|List of ethnic groups in Vietnam}}
[[File:Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina 1970.jpg|thumb|Ethnolinguistic map of Indochina, 1970. Note: map situation has now changed due to internal migration.]]
The Vietnamese government recognizes [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam|54 ethnic groups]], of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), ethnic Vietnamese account for 85.3% of the nation's population and the non-Vietnamese ethnic groups account for the remaining portion. The ethnic Vietnamese inhabit a little less than half of Vietnam, while the ethnic minorities inhabit the majority of Vietnam's land (albeit the least fertile parts of the country).

The relation between China and Vietnam also declined following reunification in 1976, with Vietnam siding with the Soviet Union against China in the [[Sino-Soviet split|Chinese-Soviet split]]. Tensions peaked when [[Cambodian-Vietnamese War|Vietnam and Cambodia started a war]], Cambodia led by [[Pol Pot]] being a Chinese ally, resulting in a [[Sino-Vietnamese War|Chinese invasion of Vietnam]] in 1979. In 1978–79, some 450,000 ethnic Chinese left Vietnam by boat as refugees (many officially encouraged and assisted) or were expelled across the land border with China. In recent years the government has performed an about turn and is encouraging overseas Hoa to return and invest, but the ethnic Chinese population has been in continuous decline since the 1970s due to assimilation and low birth rates.

The central highland peoples commonly termed [[Degar]] or Montagnards ([[mountain people]]) comprise two main ethnolinguistic groups – [[Malayo-Polynesian]] and [[Mon–Khmer]]. About 30 groups of various cultures and dialects are spread over the highland territory.

Other minority groups include the [[Cham people|Cham]]—remnants of the once-mighty [[Champa]] Kingdom, conquered by the Vietnamese in the 15th century, [[Hmong people|Hmong]], and [[Thai people in Vietnam|Thái]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
'''Population of Vietnam according to ethnic group 1989–2019'''
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! rowspan="2" | Language <br />family
! colspan="2" | census 1989<ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm United Nations 1993 Demographic Yearbook ]</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1999<ref>[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&idmid=4&ItemID=1841 1999 Population and Housing Census Vietnam]</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 2009<ref>[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&idmid=4&ItemID=10802 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census]</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 2019<ref name="Census2019">{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing|title=Report on Results of the 2019 Census |publisher=General Statistics Office of Vietnam |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Kinh]]
| [[Vietic]]
| align="right" | 56,101,583
| align="right" | 87.1
| align="right" | 65,795,748
| align="right" | 86.2
| align="right" | 73,594,427
| align="right" | 85.7
| align="right" | 82,085,826
| align="right" | 85.32
|-
| [[Tay people|Tày]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 1,145,235
| align="right" | 1.8
| align="right" | 1,477,514
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 1,626,392
| align="right" | 1.9
| align="right" | 1,845,492
| align="right" | 1.92
|-
| [[Thai people in Vietnam|Thai]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 992,809
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 1,328,725
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 1,550,423
| align="right" | 1.8
| align="right" | 1,820,950
| align="right" | 1.89
|-
| [[Muong people|Mường]]
| [[Vietic]]
| align="right" | 874,195
| align="right" | 1.4
| align="right" | 1,137,515
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 1,268,963
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 1,452,095
| align="right" | 1.51
|-
| [[Hmong people|Hmong]]
| [[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Dao]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 787,604
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 1,068,189
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 1,393,547
| align="right" | 1.45
|-
| [[Khmer people|Khmer]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 872,382
| align="right" | 1.4
| align="right" | 1,055,174
| align="right" | 1.4
| align="right" | 1,260,640
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 1,319,652
| align="right" | 1.37
|-
| [[Nùng people|Nùng]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 696,305
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 856,412
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 968,800
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 1,083,298
| align="right" | 1.13
|-
| [[Yao people|Dao]]
| [[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Dao]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 620,538
| align="right" | 0.81
| align="right" | 751,067
| align="right" | 0.87
| align="right" | 891,151
| align="right" | 0.93
|-
| [[Hoa people|Hoa]]
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| align="right" | 961,702
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 862,371
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 823,071
| align="right" | 1.0
| align="right" | 749,466
| align="right" | 0.78
|-
| [[Jarai people|Gia Rai]]
| [[Malayo-Polynesian]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 317,557
| align="right" | 0.42
| align="right" | 411,275
| align="right" | 0.48
| align="right" | 513,930
| align="right" | 0.53
|-
| [[E De people|Ê Đê]]
| [[Malayo-Polynesian]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 270,348
| align="right" | 0.35
| align="right" | 331,194
| align="right" | 0.39
| align="right" | 398,671
| align="right" | 0.41
|-
| [[Bahnar people|Ba Na]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 174,456
| align="right" | 0.23
| align="right" | 227,716
| align="right" | 0.27
| align="right" | 286,910
| align="right" | 0.30
|-
| [[Xo Dang people|Xơ Đăng]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 127,148
| align="right" | 0.17
| align="right" | 169,501
| align="right" | 0.20
| align="right" | 212,277
| align="right" | 0.22
|-
| [[San Chay people|Sán Chay]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 147,315
| align="right" | 0.19
| align="right" | 169,410
| align="right" | 0.20
| align="right" | 201,398
| align="right" | 0.21
|-
| [[K'Ho people|Cờ Ho]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 128,723
| align="right" | 0.17
| align="right" | 166,112
| align="right" | 0.19
| align="right" | 200,800
| align="right" | 0.21
|-
| [[San Diu people|Sán Dìu]]
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 126,237
| align="right" | 0.17
| align="right" | 146,821
| align="right" | 0.17
| align="right" | 183,004
| align="right" | 0.19
|-
| [[Cham people (Asia)|Chăm]]
| [[Malayo-Polynesian]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 132,873
| align="right" | 0.17
| align="right" | 161,729
| align="right" | 0.19
| align="right" | 178,948
| align="right" | 0.19
|-
| [[H're people|Hrê]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 113,111
| align="right" | 0.15
| align="right" | 63,012
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 149,460
| align="right" | 0.16
|-
| [[Raglai people|Ra Glai]]
| [[Malayo-Polynesian]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 96,931
| align="right" | 0.13
| align="right" | 122,245
| align="right" | 0.14
| align="right" | 146,613
| align="right" | 0.15
|-
| [[Mnong people|M'Nông]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 92,451
| align="right" | 0.12
| align="right" | 102,741
| align="right" | 0.12
| align="right" | 127,334
| align="right" | 0.13
|-
| [[Stieng people|Xtiêng]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 66,788
| align="right" | 0.09
| align="right" | 85,436
| align="right" | 0.10
| align="right" | 100,752
| align="right" | 0.10
|-
| [[Bru-Van Kieu people|Bru-Vân Kiều]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 55,559
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 74,506
| align="right" | 0.09
| align="right" | 94,598
| align="right" | 0.10
|-
| [[Thổ people|Thổ]] 
| [[Vietic]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 68,394
| align="right" | 0.09
| align="right" | 74,458
| align="right" | 0.09
| align="right" | 91,430
| align="right" | 0.10
|-
| [[Khmu people|Khơ Mú]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 56,542
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 72,929
| align="right" | 0.08
| align="right" | 90,612
| align="right" | 0.09
|-
| [[Co Tu people|Cơ Tu]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 50,458
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 61,588
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 74,173
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| [[Giay people|Giáy]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 49,098
| align="right" | 0.06
| align="right" | 58,617
| align="right" | 0.07
| align="right" | 67,858
| align="right" | 0.07
|-
| [[Gie Trieng people|Giẻ Triêng]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 30,243
| align="right" | 0.04
| align="right" | 50,962
| align="right" | 0.06
| align="right" | 63,322
| align="right" | 0.07
|-
| [[Ta Oi people|Tà Ôi]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 34,960
| align="right" | 0.05
| align="right" | 43,886
| align="right" | 0.05
| align="right" | 52,356
| align="right" | 0.05
|-
| [[Ma people|Mạ]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 33,338
| align="right" | 0.04
| align="right" | 41,405
| align="right" | 0.05
| align="right" | 50,322
| align="right" | 0.05
|-
| [[Cor people|Co]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 27,766
| align="right" | 0.04
| align="right" | 33,817
| align="right" | 0.04
| align="right" | 40,442
| align="right" | 0.04
|-
| [[Cho Ro people|Chơ Ro]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 22,567
| align="right" | 0.03
| align="right" | 26,855
| align="right" | 0.03
| align="right" | 29,520
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
| [[Xinh Mun people|Xinh Mun]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 18,018
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 23,278
| align="right" | 0.03
| align="right" | 29,503
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
| [[Hani people|Hà Nhì]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 17,535
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 10,923
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 25,539
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
| [[Churu people|Chu Ru]]
| [[Malayo-Polynesian]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 14,978
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 19,314
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 23,242
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Lao people|Lao]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 11,611
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 14,928
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 17,532
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Khang people|Kháng]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 10,272
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 13,840
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 16,180
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Lachi people|La Chí]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 10,765
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 13,158
| align="right" | 0.02
| align="right" | 15,126
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Phù Lá]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 9,046
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 5,535
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 12,471
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Lahu people|La Hủ]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 6,874
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 9,651
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 12,113
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Laha people|La Ha]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 5,686
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 8,177
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 10,157
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Pa Then people|Pà Thẻn]]
| [[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Dao]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 5,569
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 6,811
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 8,248
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Chut people|Chứt]]
| [[Vietic]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 3,829
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 6,022
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 7,513
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Lu people|Lự]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 4,964
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 5,601
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 6,757
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Yi people|Lô Lô]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 3,307
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 2,218
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 4,827
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Mang people|Mảng]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,663
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 3,700
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 4,650
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Gelao people|Cờ Lao]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 1,865
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 2,636
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 4,003
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Buyei|Bố Y]] 
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 1,864
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 2,273
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 3,232
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Cong people|Cống]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 1,676
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 2,029
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 2,729
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Ngái]] 
| [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 4,841
| align="right" | 0.01
| align="right" | 1,035
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 1,649
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Si La]]
| [[Tibeto-Burman]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 840
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 709
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 909
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Qabiao people|Pu Péo]]
| [[Tai-Kadai]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 705
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 687
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 903
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Ro Mam people|Rơ Măm]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 352
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 436
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 639
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[Brau people|Brâu]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 313
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 397
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 525
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| [[O Du|Ơ Đu]]
| [[Mon-Khmer]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 301
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 376
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 428
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| colspan="2" | Foreigners
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 39,532
| align="right" | 0.05
| align="right" | 2,134
| align="right" | 0.00
| align="right" | 3,553
| align="right" | 0.00
|-
| colspan="2" | Others
| align="right" | 2,767,512
| align="right" | 4.3
| align="right" | 1,333
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 82,942
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 349
| align="right" | 0.00
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! colspan="2" align="left" | Total
! colspan="2" | 64,411,713
! colspan="2" | 76,323,173
! colspan="2" | 85,846,997
! colspan="2" | 96,208,984
|}

== Languages ==

[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] is the national language.<ref name="constitution_of_vietnam">[[Constitution of Vietnam]] Article 5</ref> It belongs to the [[Austroasiatic]] language family, which also includes languages such as [[Khmer language|Khmer]] and [[Mon language|Mon]]. Vietnamese was spoken by 85–90 million people in Vietnam at the 1999 census. In the early 21st century, around another four million Vietnamese speakers are found outside of Vietnam, mostly refugees from the Vietnam-American War. Thus Vietnamese is the most spoken language of the Austroasiatic family, being spoken by three times more people than the second most spoken language of the family, Khmer. Both languages, however, are extremely different: Vietnamese is a tonal, monosyllabic language while Khmer has remained non-tonal. Vietnamese was heavily influenced by Chinese, with up to around 50–70% words having Chinese origins, whilst Khmer was heavily influenced by [[Sanskrit]] and [[Pāli|Pali]], uses a abugida writing system, and has a great part of its vocabulary originating from Indian languages. Since the early 20th century, the Vietnamese have used a Romanized script introduced by the French, developed by Jesuit missionaries led by [[Alexandre de Rhodes]] and later on, refined by Vietnamese scholars to produce what is now known as the [[Vietnamese alphabet]].

==Religion==
{{main|Religion in Vietnam}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Vietnam (2019)<ref name="Census2019">{{cite web|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing|title=Report on Results of the 2019 Census |publisher=General Statistics Office of Vietnam |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Vietnamese folk religion]] or non religious 
|value1 = 86.32
|color1 = #C00000
|label2 = [[Catholic Church in Vietnam|Catholicism]]
|value2 = 6.1
|color2 = DarkOrchid
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 4.79
|color3 = Gold
|label4 = [[Hòa Hảo|Hoahaoism]]
|value4 = 1.02
|color4 = Tomato
|label5 = [[Protestantism]]
|value5 = 1
|color5 = DodgerBlue
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 0.77
|color6 = GreenYellow
}}
According to the 2019 Census, the religious demographics of Vietnam are as follows:<ref name="Census2019"/>
*86.32% [[Vietnamese folk religion]] or non religious 
*6.1% [[Catholic Church in Vietnam|Catholicism]]
*4.79% [[Buddhism]] (mainly [[Mahayana]])
*1.02% [[Hòa Hảo|Hoahaoism]]
*1% [[Protestantism]]
*<1% [[Caodaism]]
*0.77 Others
It is worth noting here that the data is highly skewed, as a large majority of Vietnamese may declare themselves atheist yet practice forms of traditional folk religion or Mahayana Buddhism.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vu_Van6/publication/339743111_From_Religious_Heritage_to_Cultural_Heritage_Study_the_Heritage_of_Buddhism_in_Vietnam/links/5e6a03af299bf1b9f7ce4785/From-Religious-Heritage-to-Cultural-Heritage-Study-the-Heritage-of-Buddhism-in-Vietnam.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

Estimates for the year 2010 published by the [[Pew Research Center]]:<ref>Pew Research Center: [http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/vietnam/religious_demography/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111040451/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/vietnam/religious_demography/|date=2021-01-11}}.</ref>

* Vietnamese folk religion, 45.3%
* Unaffiliated, 29.6%
* Buddhism, 16.4%
* Christianity, 8.2%
* Other, 0.5%

== See also ==
* [[List of ethnic groups in Vietnam]]
* [[Overseas Vietnamese]]
* [[Racism in Vietnam]]

== Sources ==
* [http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=503&ItemID=1841 1999 Census results]
* [http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=387&idmid=3&ItemID=6156 2006 Vietnam's population estimates]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060404194749/http://www.agroviet.gov.vn/html/BandoKT-XHVietnam/Contents.asp Socioeconomic Atlas of Vietnam]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Huy, Huynh Truong. "Economic perspectives of internal migration in Vietnam: A focus on the Mekong River Delta region" (Universiteit Antwerpen (Belgium), 2012. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Huynh-Truong-Huy-2/publication/266476722_Economic_perspectives_of_internal_migration_in_Vietnam_A_focus_on_the_Mekong_River_Delta_region/links/543fdb590cf21227a11b9519/Economic-perspectives-of-internal-migration-in-Vietnam-A-focus-on-the-Mekong-River-Delta-region.pdf online]
* Huynh Truong, Huy, and Nonneman Walter. "Push and pull forces and migration in Vietnam." (2012). [https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39559/1/MPRA_paper_39559.pdf online]
* UNFPA. "Internal migration in Vietnam: the current situation." (The United Nations Population Fund in Vietnam, 2007)
* VGSO. "Migration and urbanization in Vietnam: patterns, trends and differentials in The 2009 population census" (Ha Noi, Vietnam: Statistical Publisher, 2010).

{{Vietnam topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in Vietnam}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}

[[Category:Demographics of Vietnam| ]]