Editing Demographics of Uzbekistan

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Uzbekistan]]|image_size=350|size_of_population=36,799,756 (January 1, 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/49287-o-zbe-kistonda-doimiy-aholi-soni-har-kuni-o-rtacha-2-1-ming-kishiga-oshmoqda-4 |title=Портал открытых данных Республики Узбекистан |access-date=2023-02-01 |archive-date=2020-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421125517/https://data.gov.uz/ru/datasets/4967 |url-status=live }}</ref>|nation=Uzbekstani|official=Uzbek|age_0–14_years=30.1%|age_65_years=5.3%|growth=0.83% (2022 est.)|birth=26.2 births/1,000 population (2022)|death=4.8	deaths/1,000 population (2022)|net_migration=-1.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_at_birth=1.06 male(s)/female|sr_under_15=1.05 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.63 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=1.01 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=18.98 deaths/1,000 live births|life=75.29 years|life_male=72.27 years|life_female=78.5 years|fertility=3.31 children born/woman (2022)|image=File:Uzbekistan population pyramid.svg|caption=Population pyramid of [[Uzbekistan]] in 2023|spoken=Russian|major_ethnic={{unbulleted list  
|{{Tree list}}  
* {{increase}} [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] (85.5%)  
** {{increase}} [[Uzbeks]] (84.0%)  
** {{steady}} [[Karakalpaks]] (1.0%)  
** {{steady}} [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] (0.5%)  

* {{steady}} [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] (7.0%)  
** {{steady}} [[Tajiks]] (7.0%)  

* {{decrease}} [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] (4.5%)  
** {{decrease}} [[Russians]] (3.5%)  
** {{decrease}} [[Ukrainians]] (1.0%)  

* {{steady}} [[Koreans|Korean]] (0.8%)  
* {{steady}} [[Armenians]] (0.2%)  
{{tree list/end}}  
}}|minor_ethnic={{unbulleted list  
|{{Tree list}}  
* {{steady}} [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] (<0.1%)  
** {{steady}} [[Brahui people|Brahui]] (<0.1%)  

* {{steady}} Isolated (0.2%)  
** {{steady}} [[Burusho people|Burusho]] (<0.1%)  
** {{steady}} Other Isolates (0.1%)  

* {{steady}} [[Semitic people|Semitic]] (0.2%)  
** {{steady}} [[Bukharan Jews]] (0.2%)  

* {{steady}} Others (1.8%)  
** {{steady}} Unidentified (1.0%)  
** {{decrease}} [[Localized Soviets]] (0.8%)  
{{tree list/end}}  
}}}}

[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Uzbekistan]] include population growth, [[population density]], [[ethnicity]], education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. The nationality of a person from Uzbekistan is '''Uzbekistani''',<ref>[https://www.undp.org/uzbekistan/publications/court-satisfaction-level-uzbekistanis-identified "Court satisfaction level of Uzbekistanis identified"]. [[United Nations Development Programme]]. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/06/21/500-000-uzbekistanis-benefit-from-improved-water-supply-and-sanitation "500,000 Uzbekistanis Benefit from Improved Water Supply and Sanitation"]. [[World Bank Group]]. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/80632 "Uzbekistanis prefer to travel mainly with their families"]. Uzbekistan Daily. 29 April 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.</ref> while the ethnic Uzbek majority call themselves [[Uzbeks]]. Much of the data is estimated because the last census was carried out in Soviet times in 1989.

==Overview==
Uzbekistan is Central Asia's most populous country. Its 36.8 million people (as of January 2024<ref name=stat.uz>{{cite web | url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/49287-o-zbe-kistonda-doimiy-aholi-soni-har-kuni-o-rtacha-2-1-ming-kishiga-oshmoqda-4 | title=The permanent population of Uzbekistan is increasing by an average of 2.1 thousand people every day }}</ref>) comprise nearly half the region's total population.

The population of Uzbekistan is very young: 30.1% of its people are younger than 14.<ref name=Demography>https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/demography {{bare URL inline|date=February 2024}}</ref> According to official sources, [[Uzbeks]] comprise a majority (84.4%) of the total population. Other ethnic groups, as of 1996 estimates, include [[Russians]] (2.1% of the population), [[Tajiks]] (4,8%), [[Kazakhs]] (3%), [[Karakalpaks]] (2.5%), and [[Tatars]] (1.5%).<ref name=cia1>Uzbekistan in [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/ CIA World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203042919/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/ |date=2021-02-03 }}</ref>
Uzbekistan has an ethnic [[Koreans|Korean]] population that was [[Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union|forcibly relocated]] to the region from the [[Russian Far East|Soviet Far East]] in 1937–1938. There are also small groups of [[Armenians]] in Uzbekistan, mostly in [[Tashkent]] and [[Samarkand]]. The nation is 94% Muslim (mostly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]), 3% [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] and 3% other faiths (which include small communities of Korean Christians, other Christian denominations, Buddhists, Baha'is, and more).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210816035247/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35493.htm ''International Religious Freedom Report for 2004''], U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (released 2004-09-15)</ref>  The [[Bukharan Jews]] have lived in Central Asia, mostly in Uzbekistan, for thousands of years. There were 94,900 [[Jews]] in [[Uzbekistan]] in 1989<ref name=Jews2001>[http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/2001_13_WJP.pdf World Jewish Population 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206165604/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/2001_13_WJP.pdf |date=2013-12-06 }}, ''American Jewish Yearbook'', vol. 101 (2001), p. 561.</ref> (about 0.5% of the population according to the [[Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan|1989 census]]), but now, since the collapse of the USSR, most Central Asian Jews left the region for the [[United States]] or [[Israel]]. More than 5,000 Jews remain in Uzbekistan.<ref name=Jews2007>[http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/AJYB727.CV.pdf World Jewish Population 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326020910/http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/AJYB727.CV.pdf |date=2009-03-26 }}, ''American Jewish Yearbook'', vol. 107 (2007), p. 592.</ref>

Much of Uzbekistan's population was engaged in [[cotton]] farming in large-scale [[Collective farming|collective farms]] when the country was part of the [[Soviet Union]]. The population continues to be heavily rural and dependent on farming for its livelihood, although the [[Agriculture in Uzbekistan#Changing farm structure|farm structure in Uzbekistan]] has largely shifted from collective to individual since 1990.

==Vital statistics==
===UN estimates===
{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:80pt;"|Period
! style="width:80pt;"|Births per year
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths per year
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change per year
! style="width:80pt;"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! style="width:80pt;"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! style="width:80pt;"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! style="width:80pt;"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! style="width:80pt;"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
|-
| 1990–1995
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 32.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.95
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 1995–2000
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.10
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 2000–2005
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 14.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.51
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 2005–2010
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.49
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 2010–2015
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.43
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 2015–2020
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.43
| style="text-align:right;"| 
|-
| 2020–2025
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.31
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 2025–2030
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.21
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 2030–2035
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.12
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 2035–2040
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.05
| style="text-align:right;"|
|}
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs website > World Population Prospects: The 2019 revision.<ref>[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs website > World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }}</ref>


===Registered birth and deaths===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! style="width:80pt;"|Average population (Dec. 31)
! style="width:80pt;"|Live births
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude migration rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|TFR
|-
| 1950
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,314,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 192,188
| style="text-align:right;"| 54,612
| style="text-align:right;"| 137,576
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.6
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.8
|
|-
| 1951
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,511,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 207,302
| style="text-align:right;"| 49,275
| style="text-align:right;"| 158,027
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 24.3
| 6.9
|
|-
| 1952
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,704,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 223,452
| style="text-align:right;"| 55,068
| style="text-align:right;"| 168,384
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.1
| 4.5
|
|-
| 1953
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,909,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 219,832
| style="text-align:right;"| 60,855
| style="text-align:right;"| 158,977
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.8
| style="color:red" | 8.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.0
| 7.6
|
|-
| 1954
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,085,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 237,470
| style="text-align:right;"| 58,345
| style="text-align:right;"| 179,125
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.3
| 0.2
|
|-
| 1955
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,256,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 248,545
| style="text-align:right;"| 59,370
| style="text-align:right;"| 189,175
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.1
| -2.0
|
|-
| 1956
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,466,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 267,187
| style="text-align:right;"| 46,210
| style="text-align:right;"| 220,977
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.6
| -0.7
|
|-
| 1957
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,720,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 276,668
| style="text-align:right;"| 47,568
| style="text-align:right;"| 229,100
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.7
| 4.3
|
|-
| 1958
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,979,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 300,646
| style="text-align:right;"| 48,433
| style="text-align:right;"| 252,213
| style="text-align:right;"| 37.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.6
| 1.9
|
|-
| 1959
| style="text-align:right;"| 8,252,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 305,082
| style="text-align:right;"| 50,254
| style="text-align:right;"| 254,828
| style="text-align:right;"| 37.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.9
| 3.3
|
|-
| 1960
| style="text-align:right;"| 8,558,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 340,618
| style="text-align:right;"| 51,758
| style="text-align:right;"| 288,860
| style="color:blue" | 39.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.0
| style="color:blue" | 33.8
| 3.3
|
|-
| 1961
| style="text-align:right;"| 8,895,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 339,952
| style="text-align:right;"| 53,591
| style="text-align:right;"| 286,361
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 32.2
| 7.2
|
|-
| 1962
| style="text-align:right;"| 9,237,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 341,352
| style="text-align:right;"| 56,178
| style="text-align:right;"| 285,174
| style="text-align:right;"| 37.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.9
| 7.5
|
|-
| 1963
| style="text-align:right;"| 9,574,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 342,659
| style="text-align:right;"| 54,502
| style="text-align:right;"| 288,157
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.1
| 6.4
|
|-
| 1964
| style="text-align:right;"| 9,905,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 346,847
| style="text-align:right;"| 53,315
| style="text-align:right;"| 293,532
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.6
| 5.0
|
|-
| 1965
| style="text-align:right;"| 10,233,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 355,135
| style="text-align:right;"| 60,056
| style="text-align:right;"| 295,079
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.8
| 4.3
|
|-
| 1966
| style="text-align:right;"| 10,557,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 360,336
| style="text-align:right;"| 60,115
| style="text-align:right;"| 300,221
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.4
| 3.3
|
|-
| 1967
| style="text-align:right;"| 10,886,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 359,623
| style="text-align:right;"| 64,627
| style="text-align:right;"| 294,996
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.1
| 4.1
|
|-
| 1968
| style="text-align:right;"| 11,259,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 385,687
| style="text-align:right;"| 64,762
| style="text-align:right;"| 320,925
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.5
| 5.8
|
|-
| 1969
| style="text-align:right;"| 11,625,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 380,729
| style="text-align:right;"| 69,147
| style="text-align:right;"| 311,582
| style="text-align:right;"| 32.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.8
| 5.7
|
|-
| 1970
| style="text-align:right;"| 11,973,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 401,613
| style="text-align:right;"| 66,189
| style="text-align:right;"| 335,424
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.1
| 1.8
|
|-
| 1971
| style="text-align:right;"| 12,354,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 425,646
| style="text-align:right;"| 67,162
| style="text-align:right;"| 358,484
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.0
| 2.8
|
|-
| 1972
| style="text-align:right;"| 12,756,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 421,458
| style="text-align:right;"| 77,942
| style="text-align:right;"| 343,516
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.9
| 5.6
|
|-
| 1973
| style="text-align:right;"| 13,155,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 441,237
| style="text-align:right;"| 83,170
| style="text-align:right;"| 358,067
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.2
| 4.1
|
|-
| 1974
| style="text-align:right;"| 13,569,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 462,062
| style="text-align:right;"| 86,864
| style="text-align:right;"| 375,198
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.7
| 3.8
|
|-
| 1975
| style="text-align:right;"| 13,981,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 478,604
| style="text-align:right;"| 100,213
| style="text-align:right;"| 378,391
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.0
| 3.4
|
|-
| 1976
| style="text-align:right;"| 14,389,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 503,514
| style="text-align:right;"| 101,544
| style="text-align:right;"| 401,970
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.9
| 1.3
|
|-
| 1977
| style="text-align:right;"| 14,786,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 493,329
| style="text-align:right;"| 104,297
| style="text-align:right;"| 389,032
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.3
| 1.3
|
|-
| 1978
| style="text-align:right;"| 15,184,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 514,030
| style="text-align:right;"| 105,204
| style="text-align:right;"| 408,826
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.0
| -0.1
|
|-
| 1979
| style="text-align:right;"| 15,578,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 535,928
| style="text-align:right;"| 109,459
| style="text-align:right;"| 426,469
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.4
| -1.5
|
|-
| 1980
| style="text-align:right;"| 15,952,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 540,047
| style="text-align:right;"| 118,886
| style="text-align:right;"| 421,161
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.4
| -2.4
|
|-
| 1981
| style="text-align:right;"| 16,376,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 572,197
| style="text-align:right;"| 117,793
| style="text-align:right;"| 454,404
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.7
| -1.1
|
|-
| 1982
| style="text-align:right;"| 16,813,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 589,283
| style="text-align:right;"| 124,137
| style="text-align:right;"| 465,146
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.7
| -1.0
|
|-
| 1983
| style="text-align:right;"| 17,261,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 609,400
| style="text-align:right;"| 128,779
| style="text-align:right;"| 480,621
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.8
| -1.2
|
|-
| 1984
| style="text-align:right;"| 17,716,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 641,398
| style="text-align:right;"| 132,042
| style="text-align:right;"| 509,356
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.8
| -2.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.60
|-
| 1985
| style="text-align:right;"| 18,174,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 679,057
| style="text-align:right;"| 131,686
| style="text-align:right;"| 547,371
| style="text-align:right;"| 37.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.1
| -4.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.68
|-
| 1986
| style="text-align:right;"| 18,634,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 708,658
| style="text-align:right;"| 132,213
| style="text-align:right;"| 576,445
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.9
| -5.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.69
|-
| 1987
| style="text-align:right;"| 19,095,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 714,454
| style="text-align:right;"| 133,781
| style="text-align:right;"| 580,673
| style="text-align:right;"| 37.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 30.4
| -5.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.57
|-
| 1988
| style="text-align:right;"| 19,561,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 694,144
| style="text-align:right;"| 134,688
| style="text-align:right;"| 559,456
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.6
| -4.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.28
|-
| 1989
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,108,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 668,807
| style="text-align:right;"| 126,862
| style="text-align:right;"| 541,945
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.0
| 1.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.02
|-
| 1990
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,465,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 691,636
| style="text-align:right;"| 124,553
| style="text-align:right;"| 567,083
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.7
| -9.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.20
|-
| 1991
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,857,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 723,420
| style="text-align:right;"| 130,294
| style="text-align:right;"| 593,126
| style="text-align:right;"| 34.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.4
| -9.2
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 1992
| style="text-align:right;"| 21,354,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 680,459
| style="text-align:right;"| 140,092
| style="text-align:right;"| 540,367
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.3
| -1.5
|
|-
| 1993
| style="text-align:right;"| 21,847,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 692,324
| style="text-align:right;"| 145,294
| style="text-align:right;"| 547,030
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.0
| -1.9
|
|-
| 1994
| style="text-align:right;"| 22,277,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 657,725
| style="text-align:right;"| 148,423
| style="text-align:right;"| 509,302
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.9
| -3.2
|
|-
| 1995
| style="text-align:right;"| 22,684,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 677,999
| style="text-align:right;"| 145,439
| style="text-align:right;"| 532,560
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.5
| -5.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.60
|-
| 1996
| style="text-align:right;"| 23,128,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 634,842
| style="text-align:right;"| 144,829
| style="text-align:right;"| 490,013
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.2
| -1.6
|
|-
| 1997
| style="text-align:right;"| 23,560,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 602,694
| style="text-align:right;"| 137,331
| style="text-align:right;"| 465,363
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.8
| -1.1
|
|-
| 1998
| style="text-align:right;"| 23,954,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 553,745
| style="text-align:right;"| 140,526
| style="text-align:right;"| 413,219
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.3
| -0.6
|
|-
| 1999
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,312,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 544,788
| style="text-align:right;"| 130,529
| style="text-align:right;"| 414,259
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.0
| -2.1
|
|-
| 2000
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,650,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 527,580
| style="text-align:right;"| 135,598
| style="text-align:right;"| 391,982
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.9
| -2.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.59
|-
| 2001
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,965,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 512,950
| style="text-align:right;"| 132,542
| style="text-align:right;"| 380,408
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.2
| -2.4
|
|-
| 2002
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,272,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 532,511
| style="text-align:right;"| 137,028
| style="text-align:right;"| 395,483
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.6
| -3.3
|
|-
| 2003
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,568,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 508,457
| style="text-align:right;"| 135,933
| style="text-align:right;"| 372,524
| style="color:red" | 19.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="color:red" |14.6
| -2.9
|
|-
| 2004
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,864,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 540,381
| style="text-align:right;"| 130,357
| style="text-align:right;"| 410,024
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.9
| -4.3
|
|-
| 2005
| style="text-align:right;"| 26,167,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 533,530
| style="text-align:right;"| 140,585
| style="text-align:right;"| 392,945
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.0
| -3.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.36
|-
| 2006
| style="text-align:right;"| 26,488,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 555,946
| style="text-align:right;"| 139,622
| style="text-align:right;"| 416,324
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.7
| -3.4
|
|-
| 2007
| style="text-align:right;"| 26,868,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 608,917
| style="text-align:right;"| 137,430
| style="text-align:right;"| 471,487
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.5
| -3.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.55
|-
| 2008
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,303,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 646,096
| style="text-align:right;"| 138,792
| style="text-align:right;"| 507,304
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| -2.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.64
|-
| 2009
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,767,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 649,727
| style="text-align:right;"| 130,659
| style="text-align:right;"| 519,068
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.7
| -1.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.53
|-
| 2010
| style="text-align:right;"| 28,562,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 634,810
| style="text-align:right;"| 138,411
| style="text-align:right;"| 496,399
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.4
| 11.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.34
|-
| 2011
| style="text-align:right;"| 29,339,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 626,881
| style="text-align:right;"| 144,585
| style="text-align:right;"| 482,296
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.4
| 10.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.24
|-
| 2012
| style="text-align:right;"| 29,774,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 625,106
| style="text-align:right;"| 145,988
| style="text-align:right;"| 479,118
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.1
| -1.3
| style="color:red" | 2.19
|-
| 2013
| style="text-align:right;"| 30,243,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 679,519
| style="text-align:right;"| 145,672
| style="text-align:right;"| 533,847
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.7
| -1.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.35
|-
| 2014
| style="text-align:right;"| 30,759,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 718,036
| style="text-align:right;"| 149,761
| style="text-align:right;"| 568,998
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.4
| -1.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.46
|-
| 2015
| style="text-align:right;"| 31,576,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 734,141
| style="text-align:right;"| 152,035
| style="text-align:right;"| 582,106
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| 8.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.49
|-
| 2016
| style="text-align:right;"| 32,121,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 726,170
| style="text-align:right;"| 154,791
| style="text-align:right;"| 571,379
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.0
| -0.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.46
|-
| 2017
| style="text-align:right;"| 32,653,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 715,519
| style="text-align:right;"| 160,723
| style="text-align:right;"| 554,796
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.1
| -0.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.42
|-
| 2018
| style="text-align:right;"| 33,254,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 768,520
| style="text-align:right;"| 154,913
| style="text-align:right;"| 613,607
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.60
|-
| 2019
| style="text-align:right;"| 33,905,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 815,939
| style="text-align:right;"| 154,959
| style="text-align:right;"| 660,980
| style="text-align:right;"| 24.3
| style="color:blue" | 4.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.7
| -0.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.79
|-
| 2020
| style="text-align:right;"| 34,558,900
| style="text-align:right;"| 841,814
| style="color:red" | 175,637
| style="text-align:right;"| 666,177
| style="text-align:right;"| 24.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 19.5
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.90
|-
| 2021
| style="text-align:right;"| 35,271,300
| style="text-align:right;"| 905,211
| style="text-align:right;"| 174,541
| style="text-align:right;"| 730,670
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.9
| -0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.17
|-
| 2022
| style="text-align:right;"| 36,024,900
| style="text-align:right;"| 932,192
| style="text-align:right;"| 172,075
| style="text-align:right;"| 760,117
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.4
| 0
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.31
|-
| 2023
| style="text-align:right;"| 36,799,800
| style="color:blue" | 961,962
| style="text-align:right;"| 172,772
| style="color:blue" |789,190
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 21.7
| -0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.45
|-
| 2024
| style="text-align:right;"| 37,543,200
| style="text-align:right;"| 926,422
| style="text-align:right;"| 174,413
| style="text-align:right;"| 752,009
| style="text-align:right;"| 24.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.1
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.35
|}

Sources:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 |title=United nations. Demographic Yearbooks |access-date=2011-03-05 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.uz/en/STAT/index.php?lng |title=The State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan |access-date=2011-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102050218/http://www.stat.uz/en/STAT/index.php?lng |archive-date=2013-11-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/doimiy%20aholi%20soni.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162120/http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/doimiy%20aholi%20soni.xls |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/Tugilganlar%20soni.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402154202/http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/Tugilganlar%20soni.xls |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/Olganlar%20soni.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134422/http://www.stat.uz/ru/uploads/ekonom/demograf/Olganlar%20soni.xls |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ca-news.info/2015/03/17/1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-03-20 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173052/https://ca-news.info/2015/03/17/1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |script-title=ru:Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 |trans-title=Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935 |language=ru |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125545/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=It became known in which month in our republic for 11 months of 2022 the largest number of births was registered |url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/32954-respublikamizda-2022-yilning-11-oyi-davomida-qaysi-oyda-eng-ko-p-tug-ilish-qayd-etilgani-ma-lum-bo-ldi-3 |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111133556/https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/32954-respublikamizda-2022-yilning-11-oyi-davomida-qaysi-oyda-eng-ko-p-tug-ilish-qayd-etilgani-ma-lum-bo-ldi-3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many births were registered in Uzbekistan in December 2022? |url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/33388-2022-yilning-dekabr-oyida-o-zbekistonda-qancha-tug-ilish-qayd-etildi-3 |access-date=11 January 2023 |website=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111133554/https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/33388-2022-yilning-dekabr-oyida-o-zbekistonda-qancha-tug-ilish-qayd-etildi-3 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Current vital statistics====
<ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic situation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in January-March 2025|url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-of-committee/61254-demographic-situation-in-the-republic-of-uzbekistan-5}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January—March 2024'''
| 205,700
| 40,200
| +165,500
|-
| '''January—March 2025'''
| 198,100
| 41,400
| +156,700
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -7,600 (-3.69%)
| {{increasenegative}} +1,200 (+2.99%)
| {{decrease}} -8,800
|}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===

Total fertility rate (TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR):<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR84/FR84.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728133922/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR84/FR84.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2| Year
! colspan=2| Total
! colspan=2| Urban
! colspan=2| Rural
|-
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
|-
| 1996
| style="text-align:right;"| 27
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,34 (3,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 23
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,71 (2,5)
| style="text-align:right;"| 29
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,74 (3,4)
|-
| 2002
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,4
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,92
| style="text-align:right;"| 19,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,48
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,5
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,21
|}

[[File:Wikiwyprawa 2015 IGP2405.jpg|thumb|right|Uzbek youth]]
In 2002, the estimated TFR was 2.92; Uzbeks 2.99, Russians 1.35, Karakalpak 2.69, Tajik 3.19, Kazakh 2.95, Tatar 2.05, others 2.53; Tashkent City 1.96, Karakalpakstan 2.90, Fergana 2.73; Eastern region 2.71, East Central 2.96, Central 3.43, Western 3.05.<ref>A.I. Kamilov, J. Sullivan, and Z. D. Mutalova, [http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR143/04Chapter04.pdf Fertility] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926132025/http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR143/04Chapter04.pdf |date=2007-09-26 }}, Chapter 4 in ''Uzbekistan Health Examination Survey 2002''.</ref>

The high fertility rate during the Soviet Union and during its period of disintegration is partly due to the historical cultural preferences for large families, economic reliance upon agriculture, and the greater relative worth of Soviet child benefits in Uzbekistan.<ref>Cynthia Buckley, "Challenges to Integrating Sexual Health Issues into Reproductive Health Programs in Uzbekistan," Studies in Family Planning 37(3) (Sep. 2006), 157.</ref> Abortion was the preferred method of birth control. Legalized in 1955, the number of abortions increased by 231% from 1956 to 1973.<ref>Magali Barbieri, Elena Dolkigh, and Amon Ergashev. "Nuptiality, Fertility, Use of Contraception, and Family Planning in Uzbekistan," Population Studies: A Journal of Demography (1996) 50: 1, 69-88.</ref> By 1991, the abortion ratio was 39 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age per year.<ref>Cynthia Buckley, Jennifer Barrett, and Yakov P. Asminkin, "Reproductive and Sexual Health Among Young Adults in Uzbekistan" Studies In Family Planning (Mar. 2004), 4.</ref>

However, in the past few decades, fertility control methods have shifted considerably from abortion to modern contraceptive methods, especially [[Intrauterine device|IUDs]]. By the mid-1980s IUDS became the main method of contraception through government and organizational policies that aimed to introduce women to modern contraceptives. According to a UHES report from 2002, 73% of married Uzbek woman had used the IUD, 14% male condom, and 13% the pill.<ref>Jennifer Barrett and Cynthia Buckley, "Constrained Contraceptive Choice: IUD Prevalence in Uzbekistan," International Family Planning Perspectives (Jun. 2007), 52.</ref>

The government supported the use of modern contraceptives to control fertility rates because of national economic difficulties that followed the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Thus the government has been influential in determining the popularity of the IUD. Despite family planning programs that educate women on different methods of contraception, the IUD has remained women's first choice of contraception. Word of mouth and social relations also account for the strong preference for the IUD. Nevertheless, factors such as class and level of education have been shown to give women more freedom in their choice of contraception methods.

=== Regional differences ===
As of 2022, the regions of [[Surxondaryo Region|Surxondaryo]] and [[Qashqadaryo Region|Qashqadaryo]] have the highest birth rate in Uzbekistan. On the other hand, the Republic of [[Karakalpakstan]] and [[Bukhara Region|Buxoro]] have the lowest birth rate in the country. The highest death rate is in the city of [[Tashkent|Toshkent]], while the lowest in the region of [[Navoiy]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan=19 | Vital statistics by regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan <ref>{{cite web|title=Demographic situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, January-December 2022|url=https://stat.uz/images/uploads/reliz2021/demografiya-press-reliz-27_01_2023-ang.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Demography|url=https://stat.uz/en/official-statistics/demography}}</ref>

|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Division !! Birth rate (‰) || Death rate (‰) || Natural growth rate (‰) || Total fertility rate
|-
! [[Surxondaryo Region]]
| 29.4 || 4.9 || +24.5 || 3.54
|-
! [[Qashqadaryo Region]]
| 28.5 || 5.0 || +23.5 || 3.47
|-
! [[Jizzax Region]]
| 27.9 || 4.6 || +23.3 || 3.38
|-
! [[Samarqand Region]]
| 27.4 || 4.7 || +22.7 || 3.41
|-
! [[Namangan Region]]
| 27.8 || 4.5 || +23.3 || 3.53
|-
! [[Andijon Region]]
| 26.3 || 4.7 || +21.6 || 3.46
|-
! [[Navoiy Region]]
| 25.1 || 4.0 || +21.1 || 3.21
|-
! [[Xorazm Region]]
| 23.1 || 4.9 || +18.2 || 2.83
|-
! [[Fergana Region]]
| 25.8 || 4.7 || +21.1 || 3.34
|-
! [[Republic of Karakalpakstan]]
| 21.8 || 4.9 || +16.9 || 2.67
|-
! [[Sirdaryo Region]]
| 26.3 || 4.8 || +21.5 || 3.10
|-
! [[Buxoro Region]]
| 22.6 || 4.5 || +18.1 || 2.91
|-
! [[Toshkent Region]]
| 24.8 || 5.0 || +19.8 || 3.26
|-
! [[Toshkent]]
| 25.4 || 5.7 || +19.7 || 3.49
|-
! [[Republic of Uzbekistan]]
| 26.2 || 4.8 || +21.4 || 3.31
|}

===Infant mortality rate===
2020 estimate:
: ''Total'': 17 deaths per 1,000 live births
: ''Male'': 19 deaths per 1,000 live births
: ''Female'': 15 deaths per 1,000 live births

===Life expectancy===
[[File:Life expectancy in Uzbekistan.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Uzbekistan since 1950]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Uzbekistan -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Uzbekistan since 1960 by gender]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|56.1
|1985–1990
|66.6
|-
|1955–1960
|57.9
|1990–1995
|66.3
|-
|1960–1965
|59.8
|1995–2000
|66.7
|-
|1965–1970
|61.6
|2000–2005
|67.7
|-
|1970–1975
|63.0
|2005–2010
|69.1
|-
|1975–1980
|64.0
|2010–2015
|70.8
|-
|1980–1985
|65.3
|2015-2020
|75.2
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects 2017''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|archive-date=2016-09-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Ethnic groups==
Ethnic composition according to the 1989 population census (latest available):<ref name="spo">{{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2013 |title=Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980|journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=50–77 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2012.752238 |s2cid=154532617 }}</ref><ref name="spoo">{{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2015 |title=Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia |journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=115–133 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275 |s2cid=153924060 }}</ref><ref>Library of Congress, [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+uz0031) A Country Study: Uzbekistan. Ethnic composition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126180857/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+uz0031%29 |date=2018-11-26 }}</ref><ref>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/uzbekistan/uz_appen.html A Country Study: Uzbekistan. Ethnic composition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411014409/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/uzbekistan/uz_appen.html |date=2014-04-11 }}, Appendix Table 4.</ref><br />
[[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] 71%, [[Russians|Russian]] 6%, [[Tajiks|Tajik]] 5% (believed to be much higher<ref name=USStateDept>{{cite web|url= https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/369.htm|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210212014439/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/369.htm|url-status= dead|archive-date= February 12, 2021|title= Uzbekistan|access-date= 2007-12-19|date= 2000-02-23|work= Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999|publisher= U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}</ref><ref name=Cornell>{{citation |author=Svante E. Cornell |title=Uzbekistan: A Regional Player in Eurasian Geopolitics? |journal=European Security |volume=9 |issue=2 |year=2000 |pages=115–140|doi=10.1080/09662830008407454 |s2cid=154194469 }}</ref><ref name=Foltz>[[Richard Foltz]], "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan", ''Central Asian Survey'', 15(2), 213-216 (1996).</ref>), [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] 4%, [[Tatars|Tatar]] 3%, [[Karakalpaks|Karakalpak]] 2%, other 7%.

Estimates of ethnic composition in 1996 from ''CIA World Factbook'':<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/|title= Central Asia :: UZBEKISTAN|date= 10 May 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook|access-date= 24 January 2021|archive-date= 3 February 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210203042919/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uzbekistan/|url-status= live}}</ref>

[[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] 80%, [[Russians in Uzbekistan|Russian]] 5.5%, [[Tajiks|Tajik]] 5%, [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] 3%, [[Karakalpaks|Karakalpak]] 2.5%, [[Tatars|Tatar]] 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)

The table shows the ethnic composition of Uzbekistan's population (in percent) according to four population censuses between 1926 and 1989 (no population census was carried out in 1999, and the next census is now being planned for 2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umid.uz/Main/Uzbekistan/Population/population.html |title=Results of population censuses in Uzbekistan in 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989. |access-date=2008-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620072910/http://www.umid.uz/Main/Uzbekistan/Population/population.html |archive-date=2008-06-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The increase in the percentage of Tajik from 3.9% of the population in 1979 to 4.7% in 1989 may be attributed, at least in part, to the change in census instructions: in the 1989 census for the first the nationality could be reported not according to the passport, but freely self-declared on the basis of the respondent's ethnic self-identification.<ref>[http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm ''Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006133509/http://ula.uzsci.net/publishing/ru/etnic.htm |date=2008-10-06 }}, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, p. 195 {{in lang|ru}}.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+
'''Population of Uzbekistan according to ethnic group 1926–2021'''
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | census 1926<sup>1</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1939<sup>2</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1959<sup>3</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1970<sup>4</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1979<sup>5</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1989<sup>6</sup>
! colspan="2" | estimates 2017<sup>7</sup>
! colspan="2" | estimates 2021<sup>8</sup>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
!Number
! %
|-
| [[Uzbeks]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,467,226
| style="text-align:right;"| 73.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4,804,096
| style="text-align:right;"| 65.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,038,273
| style="text-align:right;"| 62.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,733,541
| style="text-align:right;"| 64.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 10,569,007
| style="text-align:right;"| 68.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 14,142,475
| style="text-align:right;"| 71.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 26,917,700
| style="text-align:right;"| 83.8
|29,194,071
|84.5
|-
| [[Tajiks]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 350,670
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 317,560
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 311,375
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 457,356
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 594,627
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 933,560
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,544,700
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.8
|1,657,336
|4.8
|-
| [[Kazakhs]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 191,126
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 305,416
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 335,267
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 549,312
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 620,136
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 808,227
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 803,400
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.5
|821,172
|2.4
|-
| [[Karakalpaks]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 142,688
| style="text-align:right;" | 3.0
| style="text-align:right;" | 181,420
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 168,274
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 230,273
| style="text-align:right;" | 1.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 297,788
| style="text-align:right;" | 1.9
| style="text-align:right;" | 411,878
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.1
| style="text-align:right;" | 708,800
| style="text-align:right;" | 2.2
|752,646
|2.2
|-
| [[Russians]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 245,807
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 727,331
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,090,728
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,495,556
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,665,658
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,653,478
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 750,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.3
|720,324
|2.1
|-
| [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 79,610
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 89,044
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 92,725
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 110,864
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 142,182
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 174,907
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 274,400
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.9
|291,628
|0.8
|-
| [[Turkmens]]
| style="text-align:right;" | 31,492
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 46,543
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 54,804
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.7
| style="text-align:right;" | 71,066
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 92,285
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 121,578
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.6
| style="text-align:right;" | 192,000
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.6
|206,189
|0.6
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 28,335
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 147,157
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 397,981
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 442,331
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 531,205
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 467,829
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 195,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.6
|187,330
|0.5
|-
| [[Koreans]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 30
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 72,944
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 138,453
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 151,058
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 163,062
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 183,140
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 176,900
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.6
|174,210
|0.5
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,335
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 70,577
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 87,927
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 114,979
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 113,826
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 153,197
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 70,700
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
|67,869
|0.2
|-
| [[Crimean Tatars]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 
| style="text-align:right;"| 46,829
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 135,426
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 117,559
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 188,772
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.0
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
|
|-
| [[Turkish people|Turks]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 371
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 474
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 21,269
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 46,398
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 48,726
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 106,302
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.5
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
|
|-
| [[Jews]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 37,621
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 50,676
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 94,303
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 102,843
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 99,836
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 94,689
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.5
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| 9,865
| 0.0
|-
| [[Armenians]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 14,862
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,394
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 27,370
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 34,470
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 42,374
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 50,537
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| 34,079
| 0.1
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,764
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,645
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 40,511
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 40,431
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 59,779
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 44,410
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| 41,182
| 0.1
|-
| [[Uyghurs]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 36,349
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 50,638
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 19,377
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,039
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 29,104
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 35,762
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
|
|-
| [[Bashkirs]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 624
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 7,516
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 13,500
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 21,069
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 25,879
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 34,771
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.2
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
|
|-
| Others
| style="text-align:right;"| 77,889
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 98,838
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 126,738
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 198,570
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 176,274
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 204,565
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.0
| style="text-align:right;"|486,900
| style="text-align:right;"|1.5
|412,855
|1.2
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! style="text-align:left;"| Total
! colspan="2" | 4,750,175
! colspan="2" | 6,271,269
! colspan="2" | 8,105,704
! colspan="2" | 11,959,582
! colspan="2" | 15,389,307
! colspan="2" | 19,810,077
! colspan="2" | 32,120,500
! colspan="2" |34,558,891
|-
| colspan="17" | <small><sup>1</sup> Excluding the Tadzjik ASSR, but including the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast (in 1926 part of the Kazakh ASSR); source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_26.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2015-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208033435/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_26.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>2</sup> Source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722045014/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>3</sup> Source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2010-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316172652/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>4</sup> Source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2009-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203151519/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>5</sup> Source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2010-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324145212/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>6</sup> Source:.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей |publisher=Demoscope.ru |date=2013-03-21 |accessdate=2022-05-18 |archive-date=2010-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316172713/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>7</sup> Source:.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATISTIKA {{!}} Rasmiy kanal |url=https://t.me/statistika_rasmiy/1250 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Telegram |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202223105/https://t.me/statistika_rasmiy/1250 |url-status=live }}</ref> <sup>8</sup> Source:</small>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Data Portal of the Republic of Uzbekistan |url=https://data.egov.uz/eng/data/6117a05996188a0f14ac917b?page=1 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Telegram |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184355/https://data.egov.uz/eng/data/6117a05996188a0f14ac917b?page=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

==Languages==
{{main|Languages of Uzbekistan}}
{{bar box
|title=Languages of Uzbekistan<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Languages
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]|green| 82}}
{{bar percent|[[Russian language|Russian]]|brown|9}}
{{bar percent|[[Tajik language|Tajik]]|red|5}}
{{bar percent|[[Languages of Uzbekistan|others]]|yellow|4}}
}}

According to the CIA factbook, the current language distribution is: Uzbek 82%, Russian 9%, Tajik 5% and Other 4%.<ref name="CIATONGA"/> The Latin script replaced Cyrillic in the mid-1990s.
Following independence, Uzbek was made the official state language. President [[Islam Karimov]], the radical nationalist group [[Unity (Uzbekistan)|Birlik (Unity)]], and the Uzbek Popular Front promoted this change. These parties believed that Uzbek would stimulate nationalism and the change itself was part of the process of [[derussification]], which was meant to deprive Russian language and culture of any recognition. Birlik held campaigns in the late 1980s to achieve this goal, with one event in 1989 culminating in 12,000 people in Tashkent calling for official recognition of Uzbek as the state language.<ref name=Lubin>[[Nancy Lubin]]. "Uzbekistan: The Challenges Ahead," Middle East Journal vol. 43, Number 4, Autumn 1989, 619-634.</ref> In 1995, the government adopted the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on State Language, which mandates that Uzbek be used in all public spheres and official jobs. Scholars studying migration and ethnic minorities have since criticized the law as a source of discrimination toward minorities who do not speak Uzbek. Nevertheless, Russian remains the ''[[de facto]]'' language when it comes to science, inter-ethnic communication, business, and advertising.<ref>Radnitz 2006, p. 658</ref>
Multiple sources suggest that the Persian-speaking Tajik population of Uzbekistan may be as large as 10%-15% of the total population.<ref>[[Richard Foltz]], "The Tajiks of Uzbekistan", Central Asian Survey, 213-216 (1996).</ref> The Tajik language is the dominant language spoken in the cities of [[Bukhara]] and [[Samarkand]]. The delineation of territory in 1924 and the process of "[[Uzbekisation]]" caused many Tajiks to identify as Uzbek. Thus there are many Tajiks who speak Tajik but are officially documented as Uzbek.<ref>Fane 1998, p. 292-293</ref>

==Religion==
{{main|Religion in Uzbekistan}}
[[Image:Po-i-Kalân Mosque 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mosque in [[Bukhara]]]]
{{bar box
|title=Religions of Uzbekistan (2020 )<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religions
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uzbekistan|Islam]]|green|94}}
{{bar percent|[[Eastern Orthodoxy in Uzbekistan|Eastern Orthodox]]|blue|3}}
{{bar percent|[[Religion in Uzbekistan|others]]|red|3}}
}}

[[Muslims]] constitute 94% of the population according to a 2013 [[US State Department]] release.<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web | url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm | title=Uzbekistan | access-date=2019-05-25 | archive-date=2019-06-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604193741/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> Approximately 3% of the population are [[Russian Orthodox Church in Uzbekistan|Russian Orthodox Christians]].<ref name="state.gov"/>

There were 94,900 [[History of the Jews in Uzbekistan|Jews in Uzbekistan]] in 1989<ref name=Jews2001/> (about 0.5% of the population according to the [[Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan|1989 census]]), but fewer than 5,000 remained in 2007.<ref name=Jews2007/>

A study showed that more than 50% of surveyed consider [[religion]] as "very important".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167 |title=Pew Global Attitudes |date=19 December 2002 |access-date=2008-04-19 |archive-date=2011-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822083255/http://pewglobal.org/2002/12/19/among-wealthy-nations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Migration==
As of 2011, Uzbekistan has a net migration rate of -2.74 migrant(s)/ 1,000 population.<ref name=cia1/>

The process of migration changed after the fall of the Soviet Union. During the Soviet Union, passports facilitated movement throughout the fifteen republics and movement throughout the republics was relatively less expensive than it is today.<ref name=Radnitz>Scott Radnitz, "Weighing the Political and Economic Motivations for Migration in Post-Soviet Space: The Case of Uzbekistan," Europe-Asia Studies (July 2006): 653-677.</ref> An application for a labor abroad permit from a special department of the Uzbek Agency of External Labor Migration in Uzbekistan is required since 2003. The permit was originally not affordable to many Uzbeks and the process was criticized for the bureaucratic [[red tape]] it required. The same departments and agencies involved in creating this permit are consequently working to substantially reduce the costs as well as simplifying the procedure. On July 4, 2007, the Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Sergey Ivanov signed three agreements that would address labor activity and protection of the rights of the working migrants (this includes Russian citizens in Uzbekistan and Uzbek citizens in Russia) as well as cooperation in fighting undocumented immigration and the deportation of undocumented workers.<ref name=Ahmadov>Erkin Ahmadov, Fighting Illegal Labor Migration in Uzbekistan, Central Asia Caucasus-Institute Analyst, http://www.cacianalyst.org/newsite/?q=node/4681(Aug {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314172921/http://www.cacianalyst.org/newsite/?q=node%2F4681%28Aug |date=2012-03-14 }}. 21, 2007)</ref>

===Uzbek migration===
Economic difficulties have increased labor migration to Russia, Kazakhstan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkey, South Korea, and Europe over the past decade.<ref>International Organization for Migration, Uzbekistan, http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/pid/510(Feb {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310183931/http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/pid/510(Feb |date=2012-03-10 }}. 17, 2011).</ref>  At least 10% of Uzbekistan's labor force works abroad.<ref>International Crisis Group, Uzbekistan: Stagnation and Uncertainty, Asia Briefing, 22 August 2007.</ref> Approximately 58% of the labor force that migrates, migrates to Russia.<ref name=Ahmadov/> High unemployment rates and low wages are responsible for labor migration.

Migrants typically are people from the village, farmers, blue-collar workers, and students who are seeking work abroad. However, many migrants are not aware of the legal procedures required to leave the country, causing many to end up unregistered in Uzbekistan or the host country. Without proper registration, undocumented migrants are susceptible to underpayment, no social guarantees and bad treatment by employers. According to data from the Russian Federal Immigration Service, there were 102,658 officially registered labor migrants versus 1.5 million unregistered immigrants from Uzbekistan in Russia in 2006. The total remittances for both groups combined was approximately US$1.3 billion that same year, eight percent of Uzbekistan's GDP.<ref name=Ahmadov/>

===Minorities===
[[File:Jewish Children with their Teacher in Samarkand.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Jews|Jewish]] children with their [[teacher]] in [[Samarkand]]. Early color photograph from Russia, created by [[Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky|Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii]] as part of his work to document the [[Russian Empire]] from 1909 to 1915.]]
A significant number of ethnic and national minorities left Uzbekistan after the country became independent, but actual numbers are unknown. The primary reasons for migration by minorities include: few economic opportunities, a low standard of living, and a poor prospect for educational opportunities for future generations. Although Uzbekistan's language law has been cited as a source of discrimination toward those who do not speak Uzbek, this law has intertwined with social, economic, and political factors that have led to migration as a solution to a lack of opportunities in Uzbekistan.

Russians, who constituted a primarily urban population made up half of the population of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, until the 1980s. Since then, the population has been gradually diminishing as many Russians have migrated to Russia. Nevertheless, Russian registration permits (propiska) constrain migration.<ref>Radnitz 2006, p. 659</ref> The decision to migrate is complicated by the fact that many Russians or other minority groups who have a "homeland" may view Uzbekistan as the "motherland". It is also complicated by the fact that these groups might not speak the national language of their "homeland" or may be registered under another nationality on their passports. Nonetheless, "native" embassies facilitate this migration. Approximately 200 visas are given out to Jews from the Israel embassy weekly.<ref name=Fane>Daria Fane, "Ethnicity and Regionalism in Uzbekistan: Maintaining Stability Through Authoritarian Control," in Leokadia Drobizheva, Rose Gottemoeller, Catherine McArdle Kelleher, and Lee Walker, ed., in Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis (New York: M.E. Sharp, Inc., 1998), 271-302.</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Uzbekistan}}
* [[Demography of Central Asia]]
* [[Uzbekistan]]
* [[Outline of Uzbekistan]]
* [[Tajiks of Uzbekistan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
{{Uzbekistan topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Demographics of Uzbekistan| ]]