Editing Demographics of Tonga

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Tonga]]|image=File:Tonga single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|caption=Population pyramid of Tonga in 2020|size_of_population=105,517 (2022 est.)|nation=Tongan|major_ethnic=Tongan (97%)|age_0–14_years=32%|age_65_years=6.83%|growth=-0.26% (2022 est.)|birth=20.31 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=4.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-18.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=12.41 deaths/1,000 live births|life=77.53 years|life_male=75.89 years|life_female=79.23 years|fertility=2.76 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[File:Tonga demography.png|thumb|right|300px|2005 [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] data showing the population of Tonga (in thousands) with time]]
[[Tongans]], a [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] group, represent more than 98% of the inhabitants of [[Tonga]]. The rest are European (the majority are [[British people|British]]), mixed European, and other Pacific Islanders. There also are several hundred [[Chinese in Tonga|Chinese]]. Almost two-thirds of the population live on its main island, [[Tongatapu]]. Although an increasing number of Tongans have moved into the only urban and commercial center, [[Nukuʻalofa|Nuku{{Okina}}alofa]], where European and Indigenous cultural and living patterns have blended, village life and kinship ties continue to be important throughout the country. Everyday life is heavily influenced by [[Polynesia]]n traditions and especially by the [[Christianity|Christian]] faith; for example, all commerce and entertainment activities cease from midnight Saturday until midnight Sunday, and the constitution declares the [[Sabbath in Christianity|Sabbath]] to be sacred, forever. Other important Christian denominations include [[Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga|Methodists (Free Wesleyan)]] and [[Roman Catholics]], and [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].

Primary education between ages 6 and 14 is compulsory and free in state schools. Mission schools provide about 83% of the primary and 90% of the secondary level education. Higher education includes teacher training, nursing and medical training, a small private university, a women's business college, and a number of private agricultural schools. Most higher education is pursued overseas.

Based on 2021 estimates, the religious breakdown of the population was Protestant 63.9% (includes Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Tokaikolo Christian Church 1.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Constitutional Church of Tonga 1.2%, and other Protestant 4%), Latter-day Saints 19.7%, Roman Catholic 13.7%, other 2.1%, none 0.6%, unspecified 0.1%.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tonga/| title = Tonga page from CIA factbook| date = 2 May 2023}}</ref>

As the 1960s ended the population growth rate fell rapidly in the country.

==Population==
In the 1930s, Tonga had a population of about 32,000. Starting in the 1970s large scale migration began to Australia and New Zealand. By the 1970s the emigration rate from Tonga to Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada, France and the United States was over 2% annually.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/tonga-migration-and-homeland| title = Migration Policy Institute article on Tonga| date = February 2004}}</ref> The country has over 100,000 residents.

{{Historical populations
|type =
|cols=2
|percentages=pagr
|footnote = Source: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tongastats.gov.to/statistics/population-statistics/|title = Population Statistics &#124; Tonga Statistics Department}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tonga's population drops to 100,209 |url=https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |website=Matangi Tonga Online |date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224045529/https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |access-date=3 August 2023|archive-date=2021-12-24 }}</ref>
|1891 | 19196
|1956 | 56838
|1966 | 77429
|1976 | 90085
|1986 | 94649
|1996 | 97784
|2006 | 101991
|2011 | 103252
|2016 | 100651
|2021 | 100209
}}

===Structure of the population===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 30.XI.2016): <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 50 255
| align="right" | 50 396 
| align="right" | 100 651
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 6 440
| align="right" | 6 059
| align="right" | 12 499
| align="right" | 12.42
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 6 417 
| align="right" | 5 736 
| align="right" | 12 153 
| align="right" | 12.07
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 6 139
| align="right" | 5 743
| align="right" | 11 882
| align="right" | 11.81
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 5 449
| align="right" | 5 053
| align="right" | 10 502
| align="right" | 10.43
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 4 106 
| align="right" | 4 128
| align="right" | 8 234
| align="right" | 8.18
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 162 
| align="right" | 3 467
| align="right" | 6 629
| align="right" | 6.59
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 2 994
| align="right" | 3 527
| align="right" | 6 521
| align="right" | 6.48
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 2 704
| align="right" | 2 941
| align="right" | 5 645
| align="right" | 5.61
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 2 473
| align="right" | 2 716
| align="right" | 5 189
| align="right" | 5.16
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 600
| align="right" | 2 581
| align="right" | 5 181
| align="right" | 5.15
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 129
| align="right" | 2 021
| align="right" | 4 150
| align="right" | 4.12
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 571
| align="right" | 1 683
| align="right" | 3 254
| align="right" | 3.23
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 297
| align="right" | 1 399
| align="right" | 2 696
| align="right" | 2.68
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 968
| align="right" | 1 062
| align="right" | 2 030
| align="right" | 2.02
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 735
| align="right" | 866
| align="right" | 1 601
| align="right" | 1.59
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 575
| align="right" | 675
| align="right" | 1 250
| align="right" | 1.24
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 315
| align="right" | 410
| align="right" | 725
| align="right" | 0.72
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 127
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 358
| align="right" | 0.36
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 25
| align="right" | 74
| align="right" | 99
| align="right" | 0.10
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 5
| align="right" | 5
| align="right" | 10
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | 2
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 18 996
| align="right" | 17 538
| align="right" | 36 534
| align="right" | 36.30
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 28 485
| align="right" | 29 516
| align="right" | 58 001
| align="right" | 57.63
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 751
| align="right" | 3 324
| align="right" | 6 075
| align="right" | 6.04
|-
| align="right" | unknown
| align="right" | 23
| align="right" | 18
| align="right" | 41
| align="right" | 0.04
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Vital statistics==

===Registered births and deaths=== 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="70"|Year<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tongastats.gov.to/census/population-statistics/|title = Population and Housing Census &#124; Tonga Statistics Department}}</ref>
! width="70"|Population
! width="70"|Live births
! width="70"|Deaths
! width="70"|Natural increase
! width="70"|Crude birth rate
! width="70"|Crude death rate
! width="70"|Rate of natural increase
! width="70"|TFR
|-
| align="right" | 1986
| align="right" | 94,649
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 5.2
|-
| align="right" | 1996
| align="right" | 97,784
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 30.3
| align="right" | 7.5
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 4.1
|-
| align="right" | 2000
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,696
| align="right" | 672
| align="right" | 2,024
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2001
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,546
| align="right" | 579
| align="right" | 1,967
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2002
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,662
| align="right" | 591
| align="right" | 2,076
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2003
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,781
| align="right" | 617
| align="right" | 2,164
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2006
| align="right" | 101,991
| align="right" | 2,945
| align="right" | 709
| align="right" | 2,236
| align="right" | 29.0
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 22.0
| align="right" | 4.2
|-
| align="right" | 2011
| align="right" | 103,252
| align="right" | 2,896
| align="right" | 699
| align="right" | 2,197
| align="right" | 28.0
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 21.2
| align="right" | 3.9
|-
| align="right" | 2013
| align="right" | 
| align="right" |2,887
| align="right" |759
| align="right" | 2,128
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2014
| align="right" | 
| align="right" |2,875
| align="right" | 939
| align="right" | 1,936
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2015
| align="right" | 
| align="right" |2,848
| align="right" | 805
| align="right" | 2,043
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2016
| align="right" | 100,651
| align="right" |2,632
| align="right" | 830
| align="right" | 1,802
| align="right" | 24.0
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 3.5
|-
| align="right" | 2017
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,463
| align="right" | 836
| align="right" | 1,627
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2018
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,093
| align="right" | 728
| align="right" | 1,365
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2019
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 2,178
| align="right" | 455
| align="right" | 1,723
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2020
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 1,798
| align="right" | 575
| align="right" | 1,223
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| align="right" | 2021
| align="right" | 100,179
| align="right" | 1,424
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
|}

==Migration==

===Emigration===
There are over 150,000 people of Tongan descent living outside of Tonga, mostly in [[New Zealand]], the [[United States]], and [[Australia]].
====Oceania====
82,389 [[New Zealanders]] identified themselves as being of Tongan ethnicity with 22,413 stating that they were born in [[Tonga]]. As of 2016, [[Tongan New Zealander]]s make up 1.2% of New Zealand's population of approximately 5 million people.<ref name=FactsAndFigures>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/tongans/page-5|title=Tongans: Facts and Figures|encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]]|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref> There is a [[Tongan Australian]] population of 32,691 people, which is over 0.1% of [[Australia]]'s population. 60% of Tongan people live in [[New South Wales]].
====United States====
In the U.S., [[Tongan American]]s constitute a small 0.02% of the U.S. population, with over 67,000 people recorded having Tongan ancestry in the country as of 2020.
Much of the U.S. Tongan community resides in [[California]]. In [[San Mateo County]] (0.7% of the county's population) in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], there are over 5,000 Tongan Americans, mainly concentrated in [[Daly City]], [[East Palo Alto]], [[San Mateo, California|San Mateo]], and [[San Bruno]]. There is a Tongan community in Oakland, of about 1,500 people (0.3% of Oakland's population). There is a Tongan population in [[Los Angeles County]], mainly in [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]] (0.7% of the city's population), [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]], and [[Long Beach]]. There are also around 1,000 Tongans in Sacramento and more throughout the Sacramento Valley.[https://www.csus.edu/indiv/k/kimjug/publications/asianamericanreport.pdf]
There is a sizable Tongan community in [[Utah]], mainly in the [[Salt Lake Valley]]. Salt Lake County has over 8,000 residents of Tongan ancestry. The [[Glendale, Salt Lake City|Glendale]] neighborhood of [[Salt Lake City]] has one of the highest concentrations of Tongans in the area.
[[Euless, Texas]], in the [[Dallas-Fort Worth]] area, has a significant Tongan community, with more than 1,000 residents.
[[Portland, Oregon]] has 500 Tongan individuals, with its metropolitan area having several hundred more in addition.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-oregon-census-tongan-population/%3foutputType=amp|title=Portland's Fastest Ethnic Group Struggles to Be Counted|publisher=[[Oregon Public Broadcasting]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Tonga topics}}
{{Culture of Oceania|state=autocollapse}}

[[Category:Demographics of Tonga| ]]
[[Category:Society of Tonga]]