Editing Demographics of Saudi Arabia

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->

{{about| the people inhabiting Saudi Arabia|Saudi citizens|Saudis}}
{{Infobox place demographics
 | place              = [[Saudi Arabia]]
 | image              = Saudi Arabia single age population pyramid 2020.png
 | image_size         =350
 | alt                = 
 | caption            = Saudi Arabia [[population pyramid]] in 2020

<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = 32,175,224 (Saudi Census 2022)
 | density            = 14.967 people per sq. km of land (2022)<ref name="data.worldbank.org">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?locations=SA|title=Population density (people per sq. km of land area) {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|language=en-us|access-date=2018-12-01|archive-date=2022-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524073550/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST?locations=SA|url-status=live}}</ref>
 | growth             = 1.49% (2019){{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
 | birth              = 13.9 births/1,000 population (2023)<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/|title=Middle East :: Saudi Arabia - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=cia.gov|access-date=2023-05-02}}</ref>
 | death              = 3.45 deaths/1,000 population
 | life               = 76.91 years
 | life_male          = 75.33 years
 | life_female        = 78.56 years
 | fertility          = 2.14 children born/woman (2022)<ref name="database_stats_gov_sa">{{cite web | url=https://database.stats.gov.sa/home/report/3879 | title=GASTAT }}</ref>
 | infant_mortality   =
 | net_migration      = 590,000 (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?locations=SA|title=Net migration {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|language=en-us|access-date=2018-12-01|archive-date=2022-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524073538/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SM.POP.NETM?locations=SA|url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- age structure -->
 | age_0–14_years     = 24.44%
 | age_15–64_years    = 72.36%
 | age_65_years       = 3.20%

<!-- sex ratio -->
 | total_mf_ratio     = 
 | sr_at_birth        = 
 | sr_under_15        = 
 | sr_15–64_years     = 
 | sr_65_years_over   =

<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = [[Saudis]]
 | major_ethnic       = [[Arabs]]
 | minor_ethnic       =

<!-- language -->
 | official           = Arabic
 | spoken             = Arabic
}}

[[Image:Saudi-Arabia-demography.png|thumb|300px|right|Demographics of Saudi Arabia, Data of [[FAO]], year 2005; Number of inhabitants in thousands.]]
[[Saudi Arabia]] is the fourth largest state in the [[Arab world]], with a reported population of  32,175,224 as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://data.who.int/countries/682#:~:text=Overall%20Population%20over%20time&text=In%20Saudi%20Arabia,%20the%20current,33%25%20to%2048,374,550%20by%202050 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=datadot |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=@stats_saudi |url=https://twitter.com/stats_saudi/status/1663858269553668096?s=46&t=H4EEcLIw0913BHpEdhZ33w |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-31 |title=Saudi Arabia's population crosses 32 million, census results show |url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/632956/SAUDI-ARABIA/Saudi-Arabias-population-crosses-32-million-census-results-show |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Saudigazette |language=English}}</ref> 41.6% of inhabitants are immigrants.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/|title=The World Factbook: Saudi Arabia|date=December 21, 2021|website=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=January 4, 2022|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319180722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia|url-status=live}}</ref> Saudi Arabia has experienced a population explosion in the last 40 years,<ref name="Zuhur, Sherifa 2011">Zuhur, Sherifa. ''Saudi Arabia (Middle East in Focus)''. ABC-CLIO Interactive, 2011.</ref> and continues to grow at a rate of 1.62% per year.<ref name="CIA"/>

Until the 1960s, most of the population was nomadic or semi-nomadic; due to rapid economic and urban growth, more than 95% of the population is now settled. 80% of Saudis live in ten major urban centers: [[Riyadh]], [[Jeddah]], [[Mecca]], [[Medina]], [[Hofuf]], [[Ta'if]], [[Buraydah]], [[Khobar]], [[Yanbu]], [[Dhahran]], and [[Dammam]].<ref>{{cite book|author=House, Karen Elliott|title=On Saudi Arabia: Its People, past, Religion, Fault Lines and Future| publisher=Knopf|year=2012|page=69|title-link=On Saudi Arabia}}</ref> Some cities and oases have densities of more than 1,000 people per square kilometer. Saudi Arabia's population is characterized by rapid growth, far more men than women, and a [[Youth in Saudi Arabia|large cohort of youths]].

Saudi Arabia hosts one of the pillars of [[Islam]], which obliges all Muslims to make the [[Hajj]], or pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], at least once during their lifetime if they are able to do so. The [[Culture of Saudi Arabia|cultural environment in Saudi Arabia]] is highly conservative; [[Legal system of Saudi Arabia|the country adheres]] to the interpretation of Islamic religious law ([[Sharia]]). Cultural presentations must conform to narrowly defined standards of ethics.

Most citizens of Saudi Arabia are ethnically [[Arab]]s, the majority of whom are tribal. However, more than 40% of Saudi Arabia's population are non-citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-11 |title=Saudi Census 2022 Overview|url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Saudi Census |language=en}}</ref> According to a random survey, most non-citizens living in Saudi Arabia come from the Indian Subcontinent and Arab countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=124999&d=30&m=7&y=2009|title=It's another kind of Saudization|author=Siraj Wahab|date=30 July 2009|newspaper=Arab News|access-date=13 January 2011|archive-date=11 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811050442/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=124999&d=30&m=7&y=2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Many Arabs from nearby countries are employed in the country, particularly Egyptians,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tsourapas|first=Gerasimos|date=2015-11-10|title=Why Do States Develop Multi-tier Emigrant Policies? Evidence from Egypt|journal=Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies|volume=41|issue=13|pages=2192–2214|doi=10.1080/1369183X.2015.1049940|s2cid=73675854|issn=1369-183X|url=https://osf.io/download/5d37f1f15d2cdc00170aaa67/|access-date=2020-08-30|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118151336/https://storage.googleapis.com/cos-osf-prod-files-us/3548df8f3bb9c22853e2237a09ce65045aafd0abdd495411b11a29702a91df91?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22PURE_JEMS2015.docx%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27PURE_JEMS2015.docx&GoogleAccessId=files-us%40cos-osf-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com&Expires=1674054876&Signature=aTIM5ukiY3zgxdcslH1NThn8HMaWPzl3%2F8o6x8whZC%2BnQMmYD9Blf%2Fc2zbhLrpcN5QPSKVF%2FMKIhQJzeqo9W7bnbYA3BLX7ihd3J8zI6wNtmcpTEdRQwhslQlQr%2BNOXqaLOayu3hN4SMfGMDGVPsJWcbwiOGsJhnPXP0yeCIXuTVt40qPwXamd%2FH9vfq8a5ek0Z%2FJYCfqvg7SzlOqssGnCVPc0c9u1OT5pZnlGN6iGk3so%2B3598p1Te5HJYSWTQWpY5tLpx3WICqrsHpuf9nKp7klOs6o%2BhSSpqADCngj3u4KX0taCeWRhOQDxyG7ljdjotj5xbTZyPicYfHD9ulCg%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> as the Egyptian community developed from the 1950s onwards.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tsourapas|first=Gerasimos|date=2016-07-02|title=Nasser's Educators and Agitators across al-Watan al-'Arabi: Tracing the Foreign Policy Importance of Egyptian Regional Migration, 1952-1967|journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|volume=43|issue=3|pages=324–341|doi=10.1080/13530194.2015.1102708|s2cid=159943632|issn=1353-0194|url=https://osf.io/download/5d37f3b3835aff001758caf3/|access-date=2019-12-11|archive-date=2020-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501203557/https://storage.googleapis.com/cos-osf-prod-files-us/ca0392c56fae90e26b7d16e265fe3d223d25b6a4f12aceae717b16fc1e75f1ce?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%3D%22PURE_BJMES2016.docx%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27PURE_BJMES2016.docx&GoogleAccessId=files-us%40cos-osf-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com&Expires=1588365416&Signature=Td6GGW2oncIEgxI4CZO1JUU60P5bxtTz9UTy9SGfXypzh2QGoybcTuWEhenJqNq1AFnhYJmtb5IClUxBD9WpoJbVbh6lPKg4H89gpQ5N8llxyzA735rfmSFX2TDcZxzapW69F1ZEkIDks38gv9%2FrgtQl+HLmpkL5Q7WPP%2FzLxzI+7JuqzPwUb2sGoG3ULZrv0A9rieOtU0KD1ltBXuLXUu9xKXrZt5sP1ad9Sk7Vaka%2FgHsPBrWfiHmQKfGzQRICxYk3m90aMGVIrhycM3ckbv+iTA1esO+rEb8pROHk6u9c7a3l3V2mNASiq4GLcgo1dksXu+Ag5edqNDMbPlq7JA%3D%3D|url-status=live}}</ref> There also are significant numbers of [[Asia]]n [[Expatriates in Saudi Arabia|expatriates]], mostly from [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|India]], [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|Pakistan]], [[Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia|Bangladesh]], [[Indonesians in Saudi Arabia|Indonesia]], [[Filipinos in Saudi Arabia|Philippines]], [[Syrians in Saudi Arabia|Syria]] and [[Yemen]]. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was also a significant [[Koreans in the Arab world#Saudi Arabia|community of South Korean migrant labourers]], numbering in the hundreds of thousands, but due rapid economic growth and development in South Korea, most have since returned home; the South Korean government's statistics showed only 1,200 of their nationals living in Saudi Arabia (most of them being professionals and business personnels) {{As of|2005|lc=on}}.<ref>{{cite conference|last=Seok|first=Hyunho|title=Korean migrant workers to the Middle East|book-title=Migration to the Arab World: Experience of Returning Migrants|editor=Gunatilleke, Godfrey |pages=56–103|publisher=United Nations University Press|date=1991|isbn=9280807455}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.president.go.kr/cwd/en/diplomacy/diplomacy_2007_20.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070708200327/http://english.president.go.kr/cwd/en/diplomacy/diplomacy_2007_20.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-07-08 |title=President Roh Moo-hyun's Official Visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |year=2007 |publisher=Cheongwadae (Office of the President), Republic of Korea |access-date=2007-04-23 }}</ref> There are more than 100,000 Westerners in Saudi Arabia, most of whom live in private compounds in the major cities such as [[Riyadh]], [[Jeddah]], [[Yanbu]] and [[Dhahran]]. The government prohibits non-Muslims from entering the cities of Mecca and Medinah.

==Population==
[[Image:Historical_population_of_Saudi Arabia.svg|thumb|250px|A graph showing the historical population of Saudi Arabia]]
{{Historical populations
|align=right
|percentages=pagr
|0|1000000|600|2500000|1000|2000000|1500|2000000|1800|2000000|1900|2140000|1950|3121000 |1960|4041000 |1970|5772000 |1980|9801000 |1990|16139000 |2000|20045000 |2010|27448000 |2020|32013414
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Iraq Population - Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~IRQ |website=www.ourworldindata.org |language=en |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2023-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118151345/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population?time=0..latest&country=~IRQ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035406/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm|archive-date=7 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
As of 2022, the country had a reported population of 32,175,224.<ref name="GAS">{{cite web |last=author2 |date=2015-12-17 |title=Population Estimates |url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/43 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104171037/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/43 |archive-date=2022-01-04 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=General Authority for Statistics |language=ar}}</ref>

=== Age structure===
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Provisional Estimates):<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |publisher=Unstats.un.org |date= |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2022-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414000805/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
! Age Group
! Male
! Female
! Total
! %
|-
| Total
| 20 231 425
| 14 781 989
| 35 013 414
| {{percentage bar|100}}
|-
| 0–4
| 1 477 523
| 1 421 656
| 2 899 179
| {{percentage bar|8.28}}
|-
| 5–9
| 1 536 843
| 1 479 509
| 3 016 352
| {{percentage bar|8.61}}
|-
| 10–14
| 1 343 659
| 1 297 303
| 2 640 962
| {{percentage bar|7.54}}
|-
| 15–19
| 1 228 939
| 1 177 551
| 2 406 490
| {{percentage bar|6.87}}
|-
| 20–24
| 1 429 072
| 1 248 976
| 2 678 048
| {{percentage bar|7.65}}
|-
| 25–29
| 1 850 713
| 1 492 533
| 3 343 246
| {{percentage bar|9.55}}
|-
| 30–34
| 2 002 357
| 1 393 121
| 3 395 478
| {{percentage bar|9.70}}
|-
| 35–39
| 2 394 363
| 1 414 266
| 3 808 629
| {{percentage bar|10.88}}
|-
| 40–44
| 2 181 209
| 1 227 215
| 3 408 424
| {{percentage bar|9.73}}
|-
| 45–49
| 1 676 347
| 850 177
| 2 526 524
| {{percentage bar|7.22}}
|-
| 50–54
| 1 208 823
| 549 702
| 1 758 525
| {{percentage bar|5.02}}
|-
| 55–59
| 807 534
| 404 701
| 1 212 235
| {{percentage bar|3.46}}
|-
| 60–64
| 500 209
| 296 964
| 797 173
| {{percentage bar|2.28}}
|-
| 65-69
| 241 585
| 201 494
| 443 079
| {{percentage bar|1.27}}
|-
| 70-74
| 153 697
| 140 182
| 293 879
| {{percentage bar|0.84}}
|-
| 75-79
| 94 134
| 82 602
| 176 736
| {{percentage bar|0.50}}
|-
| 80+
| 104 418
| 104 037
| 208 455
| {{percentage bar|0.60}}
|-
! Age group
! Male
! Female
! Total
! Percent
|-
| 0–14
| 4 358 025
| 4 198 468
| 8 556 493
| {{percentage bar|24.44}}
|-
| 15–64
| 15 279 566
| 10 055 206
| 25 334 772
| {{percentage bar|72.36}}
|-
| 65+
| 593 834
| 528 315
| 1 122 149
| {{percentage bar|3.20}}
|}

According to the [[CIA World Factbook]] the population of Saudi Arabia has a large young population ages 0–19 years and an increasing middle-age population ages 20–35 years.<ref name="CIA"/> With a growing population reaching adulthood, global economists and the [[Saudi Government|Saudi government]] have become concerned that there are more Saudis seeking jobs than are available.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|last=Long|first=David|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=2010|pages=18–19}}</ref> The nation has also seen a rise in its older population as [[life expectancy]] has risen throughout the last 40 years.<ref name=":2" />

=== Density ===
[[Population density|Population Density]]: 15.322 people per km<sup>2</sup> of land (2017)<ref name="data.worldbank.org"/>

===Urbanization===
The following data has been retrieved from the [[CIA World Factbook]]:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/|title=The World Factbook – Saudi Arabia|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=January 16, 2023}}</ref>

Urban population: 85% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

Historically, some of the population of Saudi Arabia followed a [[nomad]]ic lifestyle, while most lived in villages and small towns ran by emirs. Following the discovery of oil in the 1930s, the Kingdom became far more settled as people moved to centers of high economic activity.<ref name="CIA"/> Significant population growth can be seen in the rise of [[urbanization]] throughout Saudi Arabia, which has grown 2 percent in the past ten years.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.statista.com/statistics/262467/total-population-of-saudi-arabia/.|title=Saudi Arabia - total population from 2012 to 2022 {{!}} Statistic|website=Statista|language=en|access-date=2018-11-26|archive-date=2022-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602192123/https://www.statista.com/statistics/262467/total-population-of-saudi-arabia/|url-status=live}}</ref> The largest Saudi cities have become flooded with new residents as more people move to urban cities to find better employment opportunities, and overcrowding has become a major issue across the nation.<ref name=":1" />

==Vital statistics==

'''Births and deaths'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/46|title=Annual Yearbook|date=17 December 2015|access-date=10 November 2020|archive-date=19 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419212338/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/46|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dp.gccstat.org/en/DataAnalysis?K1qwlrD1IkaHeZQkfeqMAg|title=GCC-Stat, Query|website=dp.gccstat.org|access-date=2021-08-31|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831184923/https://dp.gccstat.org/en/DataAnalysis?K1qwlrD1IkaHeZQkfeqMAg|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="database_stats_gov_sa" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:70px;"|Year
! style="width:70px;"|Population
! style="width:70px;"|Live births
! style="width:70px;"|Deaths
! style="width:70px;"|Natural increase
! style="width:70px;"|Crude birth rate
! style="width:70px;"|Crude death rate
! style="width:70px;"|Rate of natural increase
! style="width:70px;"|TFR
! style="width:70px;"|Saudi TFR
! style="width:70px;"|Non-Saudi TFR
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2011
|| 25,091,867
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.814
|| 3.792
|| 1.309
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2012
|| 26,168,861
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.797
|| 3.735
|| 1.370
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2013
|| 27,624,004
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.689
|| 3.641
|| 1.351
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2014
|| 28,309,273
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.695
|| 3.625
|| 1.380
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2015
|| 29,816,382
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.646
|| 3.520
|| 1.440
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2016
|| 30,954,198
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.665
|| 3.470
|| 1.577
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2017
|| 30,977,355
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.686
|| 3.462
|| 1.681
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2018
|| 30,196,281
||
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 2.683
|| 3.383
|| 1.659
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2019
|| 30,063,799
||
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 2.510
|| 3.163
|| 1.482
|- style="text-align:right;"
|| 2020
|| 31,552,510
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 
|| 2.289
|| 2.985
|| 1.167
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2021
|| 30,784,383
||
|| 
|| 
||
||
||
|| 2.189
|| 2.792
|| 1.072
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2022
|| 32,175,224
|| 484,719<ref>{{cite web | url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/public/1/17/100687?type=TABLE | title=GASTAT Portal }}</ref>
|| 
|| 
|| 15.1
|| 
|| 
|| 2.135
|| 2.798
|| 0.905
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2023
|| 33,702,731
||
|| 
|| 
||
|| 
|| 
|| 2.0
|| 2.8
|| 0.9
|- style="text-align:right;" 
|| 2024
|| 35,300,280
||
|| 
|| 
||
|| 
|| 
|| 2.0
|| 2.7
|| 0.8
|}

Saudi Arabia is ranked 111th in comparison to the world with a birth rate of 18.51 births per 1,000 people in 2019.<ref name="CIA" /> The nation's death rate is ranked 220th worldwide with 3.3 deaths per 1,000 people.<ref name="CIA"/> Although birth rates have decreased in the last two decades, rates of decline fail to match the significant decline in death rates.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|last=Long|first=David|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=2010|page=66}}</ref> Because of this, Saudi Arabia has experienced a population explosion in the last 40 years,<ref name="Zuhur, Sherifa 2011"/> and continues to grow at a rate of 1.63% per year.<ref name="CIA"/> Saudi Arabia's population growth continues to be 0.295% higher than population growth rates in the Middle East and North Africa.<ref>"Population Growth (Annual %)." Population Growth (Annual %) | Data, World Bank, data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW?end=2017&locations=ZQ-SA-US&start=1995.</ref> Infant mortality rates have declined dramatically in the past twenty years from 25.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1995 to 6.3 deaths in 2017, according to the [[World Bank]].<ref>"Mortality Rate, Infant (per 1,000 Live Births)." ''World Bank: Infant Mortality'', World Bank, data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?end=2017&locations=SA-ZQ&start=1995.</ref> Saudi Arabia has a substantially lower infant mortality rate in comparison to the [[Middle East and North Africa]] region, which continues to face a high of 19.3 deaths for every 1,000 live births as of 2017. This significant reduction can be attributed to rising access to modern healthcare across the country, ranking 26th worldwide for healthcare system quality.<ref>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, "1st Voluntary National Review." ''Sustainable Development Goals'', United Nations High-Level Political Forum, 2017, pp 45-46.</ref> The construction of new hospitals and primary healthcare centers across the Kingdom, as well as healthcare during [[pregnancy]] and increased use of vaccinations account for a decline in infant mortality and increased [[life expectancy]].<ref>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, "1st Voluntary National Review." ''Sustainable Development Goals'', United Nations High-Level Political Forum, 2017, pp 46-48</ref>

===UN estimates===

The Population Department of the [[United Nations]] prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.<ref>{{cite UN WPP|2022|rows=9869:9940|cols=M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!
! style="width:80pt;"|Mid-year population (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Live births (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change (thousands)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Total fertility rate]] (TFR)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Infant mortality]] (per 1000 live births)
! style="width:80pt;"|[[Life expectancy]] (in years)
|-
|1950
|3 090
|&nbsp;  165
|&nbsp;  77
|&nbsp;  88
|53.3
|24.8
|28.5
|7.58
|196.4
|40.99
|-
|1951
|&nbsp; 3 184
|&nbsp; 169
|&nbsp; 79
|&nbsp; 90
|53.2
|24.9
|28.3
|7.58
|194.7
|41.21
|-
|1952
|&nbsp; 3 279
|&nbsp; 174
|&nbsp; 80
|&nbsp; 93
|52.9
|24.5
|28.4
|7.58
|191.4
|41.73
|-
|1953
|&nbsp; 3 377
|&nbsp; 178
|&nbsp; 81
|&nbsp; 97
|52.8
|24.1
|28.6
|7.59
|188.0
|42.29
|-
|1954
|&nbsp; 3 478
|&nbsp; 183
|&nbsp; 82
|&nbsp; 100
|52.5
|23.7
|28.8
|7.59
|184.7
|42.84
|-
|1955
|&nbsp; 3 582
|&nbsp; 187
|&nbsp; 83
|&nbsp; 104
|52.3
|23.3
|29.1
|7.59
|181.5
|43.33
|-
|1956
|&nbsp; 3 690
|&nbsp; 192
|&nbsp; 84
|&nbsp; 108
|52.0
|22.8
|29.3
|7.59
|178.2
|43.87
|-
|1957
|&nbsp; 3 802
|&nbsp; 197
|&nbsp; 85
|&nbsp; 112
|51.9
|22.3
|29.5
|7.60
|175.0
|44.41
|-
|1958
|&nbsp; 3 917
|&nbsp; 202
|&nbsp; 86
|&nbsp; 117
|51.6
|21.9
|29.8
|7.60
|171.7
|44.88
|-
|1959
|&nbsp; 4 037
|&nbsp; 208
|&nbsp; 87
|&nbsp; 121
|51.5
|21.5
|30.0
|7.62
|168.5
|45.34
|-
|1960
|&nbsp; 4 166
|&nbsp; 214
|&nbsp; 87
|&nbsp; 126
|51.3
|21.0
|30.4
|7.63
|165.3
|45.94
|-
|1961
|&nbsp; 4 306
|&nbsp; 220
|&nbsp; 88
|&nbsp; 132
|51.2
|20.5
|30.7
|7.63
|162.0
|46.48
|-
|1962
|&nbsp; 4 459
|&nbsp; 227
|&nbsp; 89
|&nbsp; 138
|51.0
|20.0
|31.1
|7.64
|158.8
|47.10
|-
|1963
|&nbsp; 4 622
|&nbsp; 235
|&nbsp; 90
|&nbsp; 145
|51.0
|19.5
|31.5
|7.65
|155.4
|47.61
|-
|1964
|&nbsp; 4 795
|&nbsp; 244
|&nbsp; 91
|&nbsp; 153
|51.0
|19.1
|31.9
|7.67
|151.9
|48.15
|-
|1965
|&nbsp; 4 979
|&nbsp; 252
|&nbsp; 92
|&nbsp; 160
|50.8
|18.5
|32.2
|7.66
|148.1
|48.78
|-
|1966
|&nbsp; 5 173
|&nbsp; 261
|&nbsp; 93
|&nbsp; 168
|50.6
|18.1
|32.6
|7.66
|144.0
|49.34
|-
|1967
|&nbsp; 5 381
|&nbsp; 271
|&nbsp; 94
|&nbsp; 178
|50.6
|17.5
|33.1
|7.66
|139.5
|50.05
|-
|1968
|&nbsp; 5 605
|&nbsp; 281
|&nbsp; 94
|&nbsp; 187
|50.3
|16.8
|33.5
|7.63
|134.5
|50.92
|-
|1969
|&nbsp; 5 845
|&nbsp; 291
|&nbsp; 94
|&nbsp; 198
|50.0
|16.1
|33.9
|7.60
|129.2
|51.82
|-
|1970
|&nbsp; 6 106
|&nbsp; 303
|&nbsp; 93
|&nbsp; 209
|49.8
|15.4
|34.5
|7.58
|123.6
|52.72
|-
|1971
|&nbsp; 6 397
|&nbsp; 315
|&nbsp; 93
|&nbsp; 223
|49.6
|14.6
|35.0
|7.56
|117.8
|53.77
|-
|1972
|&nbsp; 6 724
|&nbsp; 330
|&nbsp; 92
|&nbsp; 237
|49.4
|13.8
|35.6
|7.54
|111.8
|54.79
|-
|1973
|&nbsp; 7 089
|&nbsp; 345
|&nbsp; 91
|&nbsp; 253
|49.0
|13.0
|36.0
|7.48
|105.6
|55.93
|-
|1974
|&nbsp; 7 484
|&nbsp; 361
|&nbsp; 91
|&nbsp; 270
|48.6
|12.2
|36.4
|7.43
|99.6
|57.02
|-
|1975
|&nbsp; 7 898
|&nbsp; 378
|&nbsp; 90
|&nbsp; 287
|48.2
|11.5
|style="color:blue;|36.7
|7.37
|94.1
|58.07
|-
|1976
|&nbsp; 8 320
|&nbsp; 387
|&nbsp; 90
|&nbsp; 297
|46.9
|10.8
|36.0
|7.33
|88.6
|58.97
|-
|1977
|&nbsp; 8 755
|&nbsp; 397
|&nbsp; 88
|&nbsp; 309
|45.7
|10.1
|35.6
|7.30
|83.5
|59.95
|-
|1978
|&nbsp; 9 211
|&nbsp; 409
|&nbsp; 87
|&nbsp; 322
|44.7
|9.5
|35.3
|7.26
|78.7
|60.87
|-
|1979
|&nbsp; 9 682
|&nbsp; 422
|&nbsp; 86
|&nbsp; 336
|43.9
|8.9
|35.0
|7.23
|74.1
|61.70
|-
|1980
|&nbsp; 10 172
|&nbsp; 436
|&nbsp; 84
|&nbsp; 352
|43.2
|8.3
|34.9
|7.19
|69.6
|62.70
|-
|1981
|&nbsp; 10 678
|&nbsp; 450
|&nbsp; 83
|&nbsp; 367
|42.5
|7.8
|34.6
|7.13
|65.4
|63.47
|-
|1982
|&nbsp; 11 201
|&nbsp; 464
|&nbsp; 82
|&nbsp; 383
|41.7
|7.3
|34.4
|7.05
|61.4
|64.30
|-
|1983
|&nbsp; 11 746
|&nbsp; 478
|&nbsp; 81
|&nbsp; 398
|41.0
|6.9
|34.1
|6.95
|57.6
|65.05
|-
|1984
|&nbsp; 12 310
|&nbsp; 492
|&nbsp; 80
|&nbsp; 412
|40.2
|6.6
|33.6
|6.84
|54.0
|65.69
|-
|1985
|&nbsp; 12 890
|&nbsp; 504
|&nbsp; 80
|&nbsp; 424
|39.3
|6.2
|33.1
|6.70
|50.6
|66.33
|-
|1986
|&nbsp; 13 483
|&nbsp; 514
|&nbsp; 79
|&nbsp; 435
|38.4
|5.9
|32.5
|6.55
|47.3
|66.92
|-
|1987
|&nbsp; 14 090
|&nbsp; 523
|&nbsp; 79
|&nbsp; 444
|37.3
|5.6
|31.7
|6.36
|44.1
|67.40
|-
|1988
|&nbsp; 14 714
|&nbsp; 533
|&nbsp; 78
|&nbsp; 455
|36.4
|5.3
|31.1
|6.17
|41.1
|67.97
|-
|1989
|&nbsp; 15 353
|&nbsp; 541
|&nbsp; 77
|&nbsp; 463
|35.4
|5.1
|30.4
|6.00
|38.3
|68.49
|-
|1990
|&nbsp; 16 005
|&nbsp; 547
|&nbsp; 77
|&nbsp; 470
|34.4
|4.8
|29.6
|5.83
|35.6
|68.95
|-
|1991
|&nbsp; 16 654
|&nbsp; 554
|&nbsp; 77
|&nbsp; 477
|33.4
|4.7
|28.8
|5.66
|33.1
|69.37
|-
|1992
|&nbsp; 17 281
|&nbsp; 558
|&nbsp; 76
|&nbsp; 482
|32.4
|4.4
|28.0
|5.49
|30.9
|69.93
|-
|1993
|&nbsp; 17 846
|&nbsp; 563
|&nbsp; 76
|&nbsp; 487
|31.5
|4.3
|27.3
|5.32
|28.8
|70.30
|-
|1994
|&nbsp; 18 368
|&nbsp; 564
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 489
|30.8
|4.1
|26.7
|5.14
|26.9
|70.71
|-
|1995
|&nbsp; 18 889
|&nbsp; 566
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 491
|30.0
|4.0
|26.0
|4.95
|25.2
|71.01
|-
|1996
|&nbsp; 19 410
|&nbsp; 570
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 495
|29.4
|3.9
|25.5
|4.77
|23.6
|71.27
|-
|1997
|&nbsp; 19 938
|&nbsp; 576
|&nbsp; 76
|&nbsp; 500
|28.9
|3.8
|25.1
|4.59
|22.1
|71.48
|-
|1998
|&nbsp; 20 473
|&nbsp; 582
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 507
|28.5
|3.7
|24.8
|4.42
|20.8
|71.88
|-
|1999
|&nbsp; 21 010
|&nbsp; 588
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 513
|28.0
|3.6
|24.4
|4.25
|19.6
|72.14
|-
|2000
|&nbsp; 21 547
|&nbsp; 596
|&nbsp; 75
|&nbsp; 521
|27.7
|3.5
|24.2
|4.12
|18.5
|72.47
|-
|2001
|&nbsp; 22 086
|&nbsp; 593
|&nbsp; 73
|&nbsp; 519
|26.9
|3.3
|23.5
|3.91
|17.5
|72.97
|-
|2002
|&nbsp; 22 623
|&nbsp; 586
|&nbsp; 73
|&nbsp; 513
|25.9
|3.2
|22.7
|3.71
|16.5
|73.34
|-
|2003
|&nbsp; 23 151
|&nbsp; 574
|&nbsp; 72
|&nbsp; 502
|24.8
|3.1
|21.7
|3.50
|15.6
|73.63
|-
|2004
|&nbsp; 23 662
|&nbsp; 563
|&nbsp; 70
|&nbsp; 493
|23.8
|3.0
|20.8
|3.34
|14.8
|74.15
|-
|2005
|&nbsp; 24 398
|&nbsp; 557
|&nbsp; 70
|&nbsp; 487
|23.1
|2.9
|20.2
|3.24
|14.0
|74.59
|-
|2006
|&nbsp; 25 383
|&nbsp; 581
|&nbsp; 70
|&nbsp; 511
|23.1
|2.8
|20.3
|3.21
|13.2
|74.81
|-
|2007
|&nbsp; 26 400
|&nbsp; 608
|&nbsp; 71
|&nbsp; 537
|23.2
|2.7
|20.5
|3.18
|12.5
|75.05
|-
|2008
|&nbsp; 27 437
|&nbsp; 619
|&nbsp; 72
|&nbsp; 547
|22.7
|2.6
|20.1
|3.06
|11.8
|75.27
|-
|2009
|&nbsp; 28 484
|&nbsp; 630
|&nbsp; 73
|&nbsp; 557
|22.3
|2.6
|19.7
|2.95
|11.2
|75.43
|-
|2010
|&nbsp; 29 412
|&nbsp; 641
|&nbsp; 73
|&nbsp; 568
|21.9
|2.5
|19.4
|2.85
|10.5
|75.76
|-
|2011
|&nbsp; 30 151
|&nbsp; 651
|&nbsp; 73
|&nbsp; 579
|21.6
|style="color:blue;|2.4
|19.2
|2.81
|9.8
|76.23
|-
|2012
|&nbsp; 30 822
|&nbsp; 654
|&nbsp; 74
|&nbsp; style="color:blue;|580
|21.2
|2.4
|18.8
|2.78
|9.3
|76.46
|-
|2013
|&nbsp; 31 482
|&nbsp; 653
|&nbsp; 77
|&nbsp; 576
|20.8
|2.4
|18.3
|2.74
|8.8
|76.63
|-
|2014
|&nbsp; 32 126
|&nbsp; 647
|&nbsp; 80
|&nbsp; 567
|20.2
|2.5
|17.7
|2.69
|8.2
|76.76
|-
|2015
|&nbsp; 32 750
|&nbsp; 639
|&nbsp; 83
|&nbsp; 556
|19.5
|2.5
|17.0
|2.64
|7.8
|76.92
|-
|2016
|&nbsp; 33 416
|&nbsp; 632
|&nbsp; 87
|&nbsp; 545
|19.0
|2.6
|16.4
|2.59
|7.3
|77.06
|-
|2017
|&nbsp; 34 193
|&nbsp; 644
|&nbsp; 90
|&nbsp; 554
|18.9
|2.6
|16.3
|2.58
|6.9
|77.16
|-
|2018
|&nbsp; 35 018
|&nbsp; 653
|&nbsp; 93
|&nbsp; 560
|18.7
|2.7
|16.0
|2.55
|6.6
|77.21
|-
|2019
|&nbsp; 35 827
|&nbsp; 659
|&nbsp; 95
|&nbsp; 564
|18.5
|2.7
|15.8
|2.50
|6.3
|77.30
|-
|2020
|&nbsp; style="color:blue;|35 997
|&nbsp; style="color:blue;|666
|&nbsp; style="color:red;|106
|&nbsp; 560
|18.2
|2.9
|15.3
|2.47
|6.0
|76.24
|-
|2021
|&nbsp; 35 950
|&nbsp; 629
|&nbsp; 103
|&nbsp; 526
|style="color:red;|17.5
|2.9
|style="color:red;|14.6
|style="color:red;|2.43
|5.7
|76.94
|-
|}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8,3.9,4,4.2,4.3,4.5,4.6,4.8,5,5.2,5.4,5.6,5.8,6.1,6.4,6.7,7.1,7.5,7.9,8.3,8.8,9.2,9.7,10.2,10.7,11.2,11.7,12.3,12.9,
13.5,14.1,14.7,15.4,16,16.7,17.3,17.8,18.4,18.9,19.4,19.9,20.5,21,21.5,22.1,22.6,23.2,23.7,24.4,25.4,26.4,27.4,28.5,29.4,30.2,30.8,31.5,32.1,32.8,
33.4,34.2,35,35.8,36,36

| y1Title= population (million)

}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 28.5,28.3,28.4,28.6,28.8,29.1,29.3,29.5,29.8,30.0,30.4,30.7,31.1,31.5,31.9,32.2,32.6,33.1,33.5,33.9,34.5,35.0,35.6,36.0,36.4,36.7,36.0,35.6,35.3,35.0,34.9,34.6,
34.4,34.1,33.6,33.1,32.5,31.7,31.1,30.4,29.6,28.8,28.0,27.3,26.7,26.0,25.5,25.1,24.8,24.4,24.2,23.5,22.7,21.7,20.8,20.2,20.3,20.5,20.1,19.7,19.4,19.2,
18.8,18.3,17.7,17.0,16.4,16.3,16.0,15.8,15.3,14.6

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 196.4,194.7,191.4,188.0,184.7,181.5,178.2,175.0,171.7,168.5,165.3,162.0,158.8,155.4,151.9,148.1,144.0,139.5,134.5,129.2,123.6,117.8,111.8,105.6,99.6,
94.1,88.6,83.5,78.7,74.1,69.6,65.4,61.4,57.6,54.0,50.6,47.3,44.1,41.1,38.3,35.6,33.1,30.9,28.8,26.9,25.2,23.6,22.1,20.8,19.6,18.5,17.5,16.5,15.6,14.8,
14.0,13.2,12.5,11.8,11.2,10.5,9.8,9.3,8.8,8.2,7.8,7.3,6.9,6.6,6.3,6.0,5.7

| y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 7.58,7.58,7.58,7.59,7.59,7.59,7.59,7.60,7.60,7.62,7.63,7.63,7.64,7.65,7.67,7.66,7.66,7.66,7.63,7.60,7.58,7.56,7.54,7.48,7.43,7.37,7.33,7.30,7.26,7.23,7.19,
7.13,7.05,6.95,6.84,6.70,6.55,6.36,6.17,6.00,5.83,5.66,5.49,5.32,5.14,4.95,4.77,4.59,4.42,4.25,4.12,3.91,3.71,3.50,3.34,3.24,3.21,3.18,3.06,
2.95,2.85,2.81,2.78,2.74,2.69,2.64,2.59,2.58,2.55,2.50,2.47,2.43

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}

=== Life expectancy at birth ===
[[File:Life expectancy in Saudi Arabia.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Saudi Arabia]]
The following data has been retrieved from the [[CIA World Factbook]] as of 2018.

Total population:

Male: 74.2 years

Female: 77.3 years

== Nationality and ethnicity ==
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic makeup of Saudi citizens in Saudi Arabia<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Ethnic groups
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Arabs]]|brown|90}}
{{bar percent|[[Afro-Arabs]]|black|10}}
}}

The ethnic composition of Saudi citizens is 90% [[Arabs]] and 10% [[Afro-Arabs]],<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/|title=Middle East :: SAUDI ARABIA|date=13 December 2021|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|access-date=24 January 2021|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319180722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia|url-status=live}}</ref> though there still are smaller numbers of [[Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia|Indians]],<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428202653/https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal | archive-date=2024-04-28 }}</ref> [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|Pakistanis]],<ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428202653/https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal | archive-date=2024-04-28 }}</ref> and [[Turks in Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=|url=https://yeniturkiye.com/samplechapters/82/012.pdf|access-date=2024-11-09|archive-date=2019-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819001829/http://www.yeniturkiye.com/samplechapters/82/012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, 38.3% of the residents(or about 13.3 million people) are non-citizens,<ref name="CIA" /> and many of them are [[Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia|migrant workers]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-06-19|title=Saudi Arabia - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples|url=https://minorityrights.org/country/saudi-arabia/|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Minority Rights Group|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423194240/https://minorityrights.org/country/saudi-arabia/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Languages==
The [[official language]] of Saudi Arabia is [[Arabic]]. [[Saudi Sign Language]] is the principal language of the deaf community.  The large expatriate communities also speak their own languages, the most numerous of which are [[Urdu]] (4,000,000) which after [[Arabic]] is widely used especially among the South Asian community, which makes the largest community of expatriate, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (2,500,000), [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (850,000), [[Filipino language|Filipino]]/[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (700,000), [[Malayalam]] (447,000), [[Rohingya language|Rohingya]] (400,000), and [[Egyptian Arabic]] (300,000).<ref name="HRW">{{citation|chapter=Migrant Communities in Saudi Arabia|title=Bad Dreams: Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia|year=2004|publisher=Human Rights Watch|chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/saudi0704%7c/4.htm#_Toc75678056}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=SA Saudi Arabia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203060411/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=SA |date=2013-02-03 }}. Ethnologue</ref><ref>[[Kerala Gulf diaspora]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=December 2017}}


==Religion==
{{see|Religion in Saudi Arabia}}{{see also|Islam in Saudi Arabia}}
{{bar box
|title=Religions of Saudi Arabia (2012 )<ref name="CIATONGA"/>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Religions
|right1=percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Sunni Islam in Saudi Arabia|Sunni]] [[Islam]]|Blue|90}}
{{bar percent|[[Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia|Shia]] Islam |green|10}}
}}

The government does not ask about religion on their census surveys. However, according to official statistics, in 2020, 85-90% of Saudi Arabian citizens were [[Sunni]] [[Muslims]], 10-12% are [[Shia]].<ref name=factbook>{{cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia/|work=2020|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=17 March 2023|archive-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305220108/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/saudi-arabia|url-status=live}}</ref> The rest are other forms of Islamic minorities. Other smaller communities reside in the south, with [[Isma'ilism|Ismaili Shia's]] constituting around half of the population of the province of [[Najran Province|Nejran]], and a small percentage of the Holy Islamic cities of Mecca and [[Medina]]. 

In 2022, there is a [[Christianity in Saudi Arabia|Christian population]] in the country of approximately 2.1 million; there are also groups of [[Hinduism in Saudi Arabia|Hindus]], [[Buddhism in Saudi Arabia|Buddhists]] and Sikhs in the country.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/saudi-arabia/ US State Dept 2022 report]</ref> 

According to a poll in 2013 by WIN-Gallup International, 5% of 502 Saudi Arabians surveyed stated they were "convinced atheists".<ref>{{cite news |title= Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism |publisher= [[WIN/GIA|Gallup]] |url= http://www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf |access-date= 2013-08-06 |archive-date= 2017-08-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170802000101/http://www.winmr.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= A surprising map of where the world's atheists live |newspaper= [[The Washington Post]] |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ |access-date= 2014-05-18 |archive-date= 2014-06-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140603015849/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2022, the kingdom's total population was approximately 35 million; it was estimated that of these, over one-third were [[Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia|foreign workers]].<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/mongolia US State Dept 2022 report]</ref>

==Migration ==
{{see|Foreign workers in Saudi Arabia}}
[[File:Al Masjid Nabavi Madina pakistani labor - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|Pakistani]] workers at Al Masjid Nabawi (the [[Prophet's Mosque]]) in [[Medina]]]]

[[International migration|Migration]] is a significant part of Saudi Arabia's tradition and culture, as the nation's thriving oil economy attracts large numbers of foreign workers from an assortment of countries throughout Asia and the Arab world.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|last=Long|first=David|publisher=University Press of Florida|year=2010|pages=23–24}}</ref> Following economic diversification in response to the oil boom of the 1970s, the Saudi government encouraged skilled and semi-skilled workers to enter the Kingdom as the demand for infrastructure and development intensified.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=De Bel-Air|first=Françoise|date=January 2014|title=Demography, Migration and Labour Market in Saudi Arabia|journal=Migration Policy Center: European University Institute|via=Gulf Research Center}}</ref> Saudi Arabia is among the top five immigrant destination countries around the world, currently hosting 5.3 million international migrants in its borders. In 2017, non-native residents accounted for 38% of the Kingdom's total population, more than twice that of the United States whose immigrants make up 15% of the nation's total population.<ref>"International Migration Report 2017." ''Department of Economic and Social Affairs'', United Nations, 2017, www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf.</ref> The majority of Saudi Arabia's foreign born population are males between the ages of 25 and 45. These immigrants make up a larger percentage of the total population in this age group compared to native-born Saudis ages 25–45, according to the [[United Nations]] 2013 report.<ref name="Migration Profile 2013">"Migration Profile: Saudi Arabia ." ''UNICEF'', United Nations, 2013, esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/saudiarabia.pdf.</ref> 26.3% of the total migrant population in Saudi Arabia are from [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|India]], followed by [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|Pakistan]] (24.2%), [[Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia|Bangladesh]] (19.5%), [[Egypt]] (19.3%), and finally the [[Filipinos in Saudi Arabia|Philippines]] (15.3%).<ref name="Migration Profile 2013"/> Most immigrants of the Kingdom are skilled, unskilled, and service industry foreign workers. Although the living and working conditions for immigrant workers are harsh in Saudi Arabia, economic opportunity tends to be much greater than in their homelands.<ref name=":3" /> There are around five million [[illegal immigrant]]s in Saudi Arabia, most of which come from Africa and Asia. These immigrants are planned to be deported within the next few years.<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-03-07|title=Saudi Shoura Council considers deporting 5 mln illegal migrants|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/07/Saudi-Shoura-Council-considers-deporting-5-mln-illegal-migrants|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122094620/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/03/07/Saudi-Shoura-Council-considers-deporting-5-mln-illegal-migrants|url-status=live}}</ref> There are over 118,000 [[Western world|Westerners]] in Saudi Arabia, most of whom live in [[compound (enclosure)|compounds]] or [[gated community|gated communities]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://tgmresearch.com/ksa-population-population-of-saudi-arabia-gdp-and-saudis-people.html |title= Saudi Arabia's Statistics Through a Magnifying Glass (2021) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021 |website=tgmresearch.com |publisher=TGM Research |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

=== Foreign residents in Saudi Arabia ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nationality !! 2020 Census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://migrants-refugees.va/country-profile/saudi-arabia/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=Migrants & Refugees Section |language=en-US}}</ref>!! Other sources
|-
| {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]|| 2,502,337 || [[Indians in Saudi Arabia|2,592,166]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |title=Population of Overseas Indians |access-date=2022-01-04 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720104038/http://mea.gov.in/images/attach/NRIs-and-PIOs_1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]]|| 1,277,624 || [[Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia|2,500,000]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Over 217 Bangladeshi workers deported from Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/over-217-bangladeshi-workers-deported-from-saudi-arabia/1711803 |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=www.aa.com.tr |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125190546/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/over-217-bangladeshi-workers-deported-from-saudi-arabia/1711803 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]|| 823,261 || [[Syrians in Saudi Arabia|2,500,000]]<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/anhvinh-doanvo/europes-crisis-refugees_b_8175924.html |title=Western Media's Miscount of Saudi Arabia's Syrian Refugees |author=Doanvo, Anhvinh |date=23 September 2015 |work=Huffington Post |access-date=20 February 2020 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327004552/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/anhvinh-doanvo/europes-crisis-refugees_b_8175924.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-04/syria-s-refugees-feel-more-welcome-in-europe-than-in-the-gulf |title=Syria's Refugees Feel More Welcome in Europe Than in the Gulf |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |date=4 September 2015 |accessdate=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605033703/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-04/syria-s-refugees-feel-more-welcome-in-europe-than-in-the-gulf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Yemen]] || 769,945 || >2,000,000<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-31|title=Saudi Arabia: Yemeni Workers at Risk of Mass Forced Returns|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/31/saudi-arabia-yemeni-workers-risk-mass-forced-returns|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831162107/https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/31/saudi-arabia-yemeni-workers-risk-mass-forced-returns|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egyptians|Egypt]] || 962,432 || 2,700,000<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-10-01|title=9.5 million Egyptians live abroad, mostly in Saudi Arabia and Jordan|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/9-5-million-egyptians-live-abroad-mostly-saudi-arabia-jordan/|access-date=2022-01-04|website=Egypt Independent|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223045239/https://www.egyptindependent.com/9-5-million-egyptians-live-abroad-mostly-saudi-arabia-jordan/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]]|| 1,483,737 || [[Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia|1,814,680]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A rundown on number of foreign residents, nationalities in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.argaam.com/en/article/articledetail/id/1648145 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=ArgaamPlus |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] || 1,701,318 || [[Indonesians in Saudi Arabia|1,500,000-1,753,400]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=A rundown on number of foreign residents, nationalities in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.argaam.com/en/article/articledetail/id/1648145 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=ArgaamPlus |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Taqiyya |first=Almas |url= https://international.sindonews.com/newsread/781059/43/negara-yang-banyak-orang-jawa-nomor-1-jumlahnya-lebih-dari-15-juta-jiwa-1653635100|title= Negara yang Banyak Orang Jawa, Nomor 1 Jumlahnya Lebih dari 1,5 Juta Jiwa |publisher = [[Sindo News]] |website=international.sindonews.com|date = 27 May 2022 |access-date = 4 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Philippines]] || 725,890 || [[Filipinos in Saudi Arabia|938,490]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution on Filipinos Overseas|url=https://dfa.gov.ph/distribution-of-filipinos-overseas|access-date=2022-01-04|website=dfa.gov.ph|archive-date=2017-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427103043/http://www.dfa.gov.ph/distribution-of-filipinos-overseas|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Sudan]]|| || 819,600<ref>{{cite web |url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/public/1/18/41?type=DASHBOARD |title=السكان - التركيبة السكانية حسب الجنسية والنوع |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2022 |website=portal.saudicensus.sa |publisher=Saudi Census |access-date=17 October 2023 |quote=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]|| || 500,000 ([[Rohingya]])<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561|title = Myanmar Rohingya: What you need to know about the crisis|work = BBC News|date = 23 January 2020|access-date = 21 July 2018|archive-date = 19 October 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171019181215/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/SA | title=Saudi Arabia entry at Ethnologue | publisher=Ethnologue | access-date=6 February 2015 | archive-date=22 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222000452/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/SA | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Jordan]] || || 430,000<ref>{{cite news |last=Omari |first=Raed|date=22 June 2022 |title= Saudi-Jordanian cooperation 'a role model' for the entire Middle East|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2108456/amp |work=[[Arab News]] |location= [[Amman]]|access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]|| || 400,000<ref>{{cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2007, Saudi Arabia |date=14 September 2007 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90220.htm |publisher=U.S. State Department |access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]|| || [[Nepalis in Saudi Arabia|215,000]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inf.org/map/diaspora: |title=International Nepal Fellowship - Nepali diaspora |access-date=2023-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715045625/http://www.inf.org/map/diaspora |archive-date=2010-07-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Turkey]]|| || [[Turks in Saudi Arabia|220,000]] (2019*){{cn|date=October 2023}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalia]]|| || 165,000 (1991*)<ref name="Cdsdhfc">{{cite news |title=Dubai's Somali diaspora hope for change |url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20120911/105653.shtml |access-date=8 March 2015 |agency=CCTV |date=11 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701165012/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20120911/105653.shtml |archive-date=2015-07-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]]|| || [[Lebanese people in Saudi Arabia|100,000]]<ref>{{cite news |last= Pukas|first= Anna|date=4 May 2018|title=Lebanese across the globe: How the country's international community came to be |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1296211/amp |work=[[Arab News]] |location= [[London]]|access-date=17 October 2023}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}
{{externalvideo|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uz88EurZdrI Why 82% of Saudi Arabians Just Live in These Lines -RealLifeLore]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103422/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148843.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2010]

{{Demographics of Saudi Arabia}}
{{Saudi Arabia topics}}
{{Saudi Arabian diaspora}}
{{Immigration to Saudi Arabia}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Saudi Arabia}}
[[Category:Demographics of Saudi Arabia| ]]
[[Category:Society of Saudi Arabia]]